scholarly journals The social specificities of hostility toward vaccination against Covid-19 in France

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262192
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bajos ◽  
Alexis Spire ◽  
Léna Silberzan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive

Equal Access to the COVID-19 vaccine for all remains a major public health issue. The current study compared the prevalence of vaccination reluctance in general and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and social and health factors associated with intentions to receive the vaccine. A random socio-epidemiological population-based survey was conducted in France in November 2020, in which 85,855 adults participants were included in this study. We used logistic regressions to study being "not at all in favor" to vaccination in general, and being "certainly not" willing to get vaccinated against Covid-19. Our analysis highlighted a gendered reluctance toward vaccination in general but even more so regarding vaccination against COVID-19 (OR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.79–1.97)). We also found that people at the bottom of the social hierarchy, in terms of level of education, financial resources, were more likely to refuse the COVID-19 vaccine (from OR = 1.22 (95% CI:1.10–1.35) for respondents without diploma to OR = 0.52 (95% CI:0.47–0.57) for High school +5 or more years level). People from the French overseas departments, immigrants and descendants of immigrants, were all more reluctant to the Covid-19 vaccine (first-generation Africa/Asia immigrants OR = 1.16 (95% CI:1.04–1.30)) versus OR = 2.19 (95% CI:1.96–2.43) for the majority population). Finally, our analysis showed that those who reported not trusting the government were more likely to be Covid-19 vaccine-reluctant (OR = 3.29 (95% CI: 3.13–3.45)). Specific campaigns should be thought beforehand to reach women and people at the bottom of the social hierarchy to avoid furthering social inequalities in terms of morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Are There Changes in Inequalities in Injuries? A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Mathilde Sengoelge ◽  
Merel Leithaus ◽  
Matthias Braubach ◽  
Lucie Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
European Region ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Country Specific

Decreases in injury rates globally and in Europe in the past decades, although encouraging, may mask previously reported social inequalities between and within countries that persist or even increase. European research on this issue has not been systematically reviewed, which is the aim of this article. Between and within-country studies from the WHO European Region that investigate changes in social inequalities in injuries over time or in recent decades were sought in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Of the 27 studies retained, seven were cross-country and 20 were country-specific. Twelve reported changes in inequalities over time and the remaining 15 shed light on other aspects of inequalities. A substantial downward trend in injuries is reported for all causes and cause-specific ones—alongside persisting inequalities between countries and, in a majority of studies, within countries. Studies investigate diverse questions in different population groups. Depending on the social measure and injury outcome considered, many report inequalities in injuries albeit to a varying degree. Despite the downward trends in risk levels, relative social inequalities in injuries remain a persisting public health issue in the European Region.

scholarly journals Living conditions, seroprevalence and symptoms of COVID-19 in slums in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória (Espírito Santo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel ◽  
Pablo Medeiros Jabor ◽  
Laylla Ribeiro Macedo ◽  
Gilton Luiz Almada ◽  
Raphael Lubiana Zanotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

ABSTRACT: Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of the Greater Vitória region living in subnormal and non-subnormal agglomerates, and to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of total residents (infected and not infected with SARS-CoV-2) between them. Methods: Population-based prevalence study conducted by serological testing in 2020, with a study unit in households in Greater Vitória, grouped into census tracts classified as sub-normal agglomerates and non-sub-normal agglomerates. The two groups were compared in terms of prevalence and associated factors. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: The prevalence found in the sub-normal clusters was 12.05% (95%CI 9.59–14.50), and in the non-sub-normal clusters 10.23% (95%CI 7.97–12.50) this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.273). Comparing the sociodemographic characteristics, more people who declare themselves to be of mixed race were found in the sub-normal clusters, a higher percentage of illiterates and people with only elementary education, greater number of residents per household, longer stay in public transportation, sharing a bathroom with another household, fewer bedrooms per residence and higher frequency of irregular water supply when compared to non-sub-normal clusters (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The epidemiological characteristics of sub-normal clusters’ residents show the social inequalities that can hinder control measures in a pandemic situation.

scholarly journals FILANTROPI BERBASIS FAITH BASED ORGANIZATION DI INDONESIA (Studi Kasus Program PKPU)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Amril Maryolo
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Philanthropy is an act of generosity that has a sense of sympathy for human beings. Generosity is an integral part of the character of Indonesian society, derived from religious wisdom, culture, and a strong sense of community. The existence of Faith Based Organization (religious-based organization) helps the government in overcoming the social inequalities that occur in middle and lower society. One of the humanitarian organizations based on Islam in Indonesia is the Post of Justice Peduli Ummat (PKPU) which provides assistance, various forms of social activities in various fields. The presence of these humanitarian agencies in Indonesia marks the "new practice of philanthropy" of the Islamic philanthropy movement in realizing the public welfare.

scholarly journals Insufficient social distancing may be related to a future COVID-19 outbreak in Ijuí-Brazil: Predictions of further social interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Gomes Heck ◽  
Matias Nunes Frizzo ◽  
Carlos Henrique Ramires François ◽  
Mirna Stela Ludwig ◽  
Marilia Arndt Mesenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Community Infection

AbstractThe coronavirus disease that initiates in 2019 (COVID-19) has proven to be highly contagious since it became pandemic quickly and nowadays presents higher transmission rates worldwide, including small Brazilian cities, as Ijuí. Located in the northwestern of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) with 83,475 inhabitants, Ijuí was selected to receive a population-based survey divided into four steps separated by 15 days each that involved 1,750 subjects. Subjects were tested for the presence of antibodies against coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) and answered questions about social distance adherence, daily routine, comorbidities, and sociodemographic characteristics. In parallel, the local government registered the official COVID-19 cases in Ijuí. In this study, we demonstrated the levels of social distancing adherence and the beginning of COVID-19 community transmission in Ijuí and showed some predictions for cases, hospitalization, and deaths. We concluded that the insufficient social distancing registered in the population-based study might be related to the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Ijuí. Our study predicts a closer outbreak of community infection of COVID-19, which could be avoided or attenuated if the levels of the social distancing in the population increase in the next weeks.

Vaccine hesitancy and trust. Ethical aspects of risk communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
H1n1 Vaccine ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government

Aim: This paper analyses vaccination policy from an ethical perspective, against the background of the growing hesitancy towards e.g. the measles vaccine. Methods: The paper is normative and analyses ethical aspects of risk communication in the context of vaccination. It is argued that ethical analysis of risk communication should be done at the level of the message, the procedure and the effects. The paper takes examples from the Swedish context, linking the current lack of trust in experts to the 2009 vaccination policy and communication promoting the H1N1 vaccine Pandemrix. Results: During the Swedish H1N1 vaccination policy in 2009, the message was that the vaccine is safe. However, a group of adolescents developed narcolepsy as a side effect of the vaccine. Taking this into account, it becomes clear that the government should communicate risks and benefits responsibly and take responsibility for individuals affected negatively by populational health interventions. Conclusion: To communicate respectfully entails not treating vaccine sceptics as ill-informed or less educated, but instead taking the concerns of the vaccine hesitant, who potentially could change their minds, as a starting-point of a respectful discussion. There will inevitably be individuals who suffer from side effects of justifiable population-based health promotion activities. However, the public should be able to trust the message and count on the government to take responsibility for individuals affected by side effects. This is important for normative reasons, but is additionally likely to contribute to restored and maintained trust.

scholarly journals Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fairburn ◽  
Steffen Andreas Schüle ◽  
Stefanie Dreger ◽  
Lisa Karla Hilz ◽  
Gabriele Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Majority Population

Ambient air pollution is a long-standing and significant public health issue. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the peer-reviewed evidence on social inequalities and ambient air pollution in the World Health Organization European Region. Articles published between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed in the review. In total 31 articles were included in the review. There is good evidence from ecological studies that higher deprivation indices and low economic position are usually linked with higher levels of pollutants such as particulate matter (particulate matter under 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter, PM2.5, PM10) and oxides of nitrogen (e.g., NO2, and NOx). There is also evidence that ethnic minorities experience a mixed exposure in comparison to the majority population being sometimes higher and sometimes lower depending on the ethnic minority under consideration. The studies using data at the individual level in this review are mainly focused on pregnant women or new mothers, in these studies deprivation and ethnicity are more likely to be linked to higher exposures of poor air quality. Therefore, there is evidence in this review that the burden of higher pollutants falls disproportionally on different social groups.

Australia

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Zeimer
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive

Dementia is a major public health issue in Australia, with profound consequences for the healthcare system and society in general, with nearly 1.5% of the population living with dementia. It has wide-ranging effects on the healthcare system and society in general, and its prevalence is expected to increase significantly with the ageing of the population. Through the Medicare Benefits Schedule and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, the Australian government funds services for diagnosis and assessment, as well as subsidizing medications for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The government also funds community support groups and services to assist in the care, and improve the quality of life, of people with dementia. The Australian Health Ministers announced in August 2012 that dementia is a National Health Priority Area, the ninth medical condition to receive this important status.

scholarly journals Occupational Gender Segregation in Turkey: The Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Cigdem Gedikli
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Occupational Gender ◽  
Stratification Structure ◽  
Occupational Gender Segregation

AbstractThis paper investigated occupational gender segregation and its vertical and horizontal dimensions in Turkey. In order to explore the extent of inequality entailed in occupational gender segregation (measured by the vertical dimension), average pay levels across occupations were used. In addition to the economic inequalities captured by pay, aiming to explore the social inequalities inherent in occupational segregation, Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale scores across occupations were used. The results showed that the extent of inequality associated with occupational gender segregation was substantial, operating to the detriment of women. Women were more likely to be employed in lower-paid jobs and in occupations that ranked lower across the overall stratification structure, while men remained at an advantaged position in terms of both the pay levels and the positions of the occupations they held in the social hierarchy.

The Baronetcy of the Skellingthorpe Vavasor

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Social History ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In

On 22 June 1631 the government of Charles I issued Letters Patent proclaiming Captain Sir Charles Vavasor of Skellingthorpe, Lines., a baronet. The grant of honors to Sir Charles Vavasor was among the most distinctive made in England during the seventeenth century. By its special terms, Sir Charles became the first baronet (of approximately 285) to receive rights of precedence—in spite of parliamentary statutes opposing such rights. A clause of precedency declared the title retroactive to 29 June 1611, and that, in turn, made Sir Charles's father, Sir Thomas Vavasor, who had died in 1620, a baronet post mortem. The baronetcy of Sir Charles Vavasor is also unusual as one of the few which did not depend upon the patronage of the Duke of Buckingham, as the only one created during the whole of 1631, and as the last one created before the eve of Civil War.The competition for honors among the gentry is an important element in the social history of early seventeenth century England, and a factor in the complex origins of the Civil War. The full dimensions of that competition can be illuminated by studying the motives of individual families, and the processes by which they achieved their titles. The Skellingthorpe Vavasor make an especially interesting study because of the unusual distinctions which attend their title.Heretofore, however, paucity of evidence made it nearly impossible to reconstruct the quest for honors of the Skellingthorpe Vavasor. The evidence did show that before he died in 1620, Sir Thomas Vavasor sought the title of baronet without success, and that eleven years later, Sir Thomas's son, Charles, finally received a baronetcy with precedency. The intervening years, 1620-1631, had to be filled with conjectures about Charles Vavasor's motives, timing, and patronage, and also with some conjectures about why the government granted him honors of dubious legality.

VI. Monarchy and Culture

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Keyword(s):  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Military Policy ◽  
Slow Decline ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Judicial Procedures ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
And Control

The installation of an emperor made possible the evolution of administrative structures and a centrally directed foreign and military policy appropriate to the government of a large empire. These gains were made at a cost of the destruction of the traditional forms of political life and the reordering and control of the social hierarchy at all levels.In law, the emperor devised new jurisdictions dependent on himself, created law, and empowered select jurisconsults, who were increasingly professionals of non-aristocratic background, to issue authoritative legal judgements and interpretations – with the necessary consequence that the courts, judicial procedures, and legislative organs inherited from the Republic went into a slow decline.

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