scholarly journals Social Inequalities in Environmental Noise Exposure: A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Dreger ◽  
Steffen Schüle ◽  
Lisa Hilz ◽  
Gabriele Bolte
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
European Region ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social

Environmental noise is an important public health problem, being among the top environmental risks to health. The burden of noise exposure seems to be unequally distributed in societies. Up to now there is fragmentary evidence regarding which social groups are most affected. The aim of this review was to systematically assess published evidence on social inequalities in environmental noise exposure in the WHO European Region, taking different sociodemographic and socioeconomic dimensions as well as subjective and objective measures of environmental noise exposure into account. Articles published in English in a peer reviewed journal between 2010 and 2017 were included in the review. Eight studies were finally included in the review, four of them analysed aggregated data and four analysed individual data. Though results of social inequalities in noise exposures were mixed between and within studies, there was a trend that studies using indicators of material deprivation and deprivation indices showed higher environmental noise exposures in groups with lower socioeconomic position. More research on the social distribution of environmental noise exposure on a small spatial scale is needed, taking into account aspects of vulnerability and procedural justice.

scholarly journals Are There Changes in Inequalities in Injuries? A Review of Evidence in the WHO European Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Mathilde Sengoelge ◽  
Merel Leithaus ◽  
Matthias Braubach ◽  
Lucie Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
European Region ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Country Specific

Decreases in injury rates globally and in Europe in the past decades, although encouraging, may mask previously reported social inequalities between and within countries that persist or even increase. European research on this issue has not been systematically reviewed, which is the aim of this article. Between and within-country studies from the WHO European Region that investigate changes in social inequalities in injuries over time or in recent decades were sought in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Of the 27 studies retained, seven were cross-country and 20 were country-specific. Twelve reported changes in inequalities over time and the remaining 15 shed light on other aspects of inequalities. A substantial downward trend in injuries is reported for all causes and cause-specific ones—alongside persisting inequalities between countries and, in a majority of studies, within countries. Studies investigate diverse questions in different population groups. Depending on the social measure and injury outcome considered, many report inequalities in injuries albeit to a varying degree. Despite the downward trends in risk levels, relative social inequalities in injuries remain a persisting public health issue in the European Region.

Global Perspective on Violence of Women and Children: Advocacy on Preventing 21st Century Slavery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Rights Issue

Violence against women and children is a public health problem. Furthermore, violence against women is a human rights issue affecting women and children around the globe. Structure violence is often embedded in the world system which is centered on social inequalities among various populations in countries especially women and children. Lack of equality and empowerment socially, culturally and politically keep women from overcoming subjugation of violence. Around the globe, women and children lack basic rights of protection from the abuse from perpetrators. Globalization has increased the condition for “new slavery” because it transcends national borders. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of global violence of women and children have increased globally. This paper identified the common global violence acts toward women and children around the globe. The author developed a model used as a guide for conceptualizing the social inequalities of women and children around the globe contributing to their violence: Global Model for Conceptualizing Violence against Women and Children. In this model, access to health and human services is needed for women and children victims of violence around the globe. The current status and future needs of policy development are addressed.

scholarly journals Social inequalities in environmental noise exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Dreger S ◽  
Schüle S ◽  
Hilz L ◽  
Bolte G
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Environmental Noise

scholarly journals The Role of Comparisons in Judgments of Loneliness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Arnold ◽  
Heather Barry Kappes ◽  
Eric Klinenberg ◽  
Piotr Winkielman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

Loneliness—perceived social isolation—is defined as a discrepancy between existing social relationships and desired quality of relationships. Whereas most research has focused on existing relationships, we consider the standards against which people compare them. Participants who made downward social or temporal comparisons that depicted their contact with others as better (compared to other people’s contact or compared to the past) reported less loneliness than participants who made upward comparisons that depicted their contact with others as worse (Study 1–3). Extending these causal results, in a survey of British adults, upward social comparisons predicted current loneliness, even when controlling for loneliness at a previous point in time (Study 4). Finally, content analyses of interviews with American adults who lived alone showed that social and temporal comparisons about contact with others were both prevalent and linked to expressed loneliness (Study 5). These findings contribute to understanding the social cognition of loneliness, extend the effects of comparisons about social connection to the important public health problem of loneliness, and provide a novel tool for acutely manipulating loneliness.

scholarly journals 29 recommendations to combat social inequalities in health. The Norwegian Council on Social Inequalities in Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annett Arntzen ◽  
Tormod Bøe ◽  
Espen Dahl ◽  
Nina Drange ◽  
Terje A Eikemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Social Inequalities In Health ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Demand ◽  
Affordable Child Care

All political parties in Norway agree that social inequalities in health comprise a public health problem and should be reduced. Against this background, the Council on Social Inequalities in Health has taken action to provide specific advice to reduce social health differences. Our recommendations focus on the entire social gradient rather than just poverty and the socially disadvantaged. By proposing action on the social determinants of health such as affordable child-care, education, living environments and income structures, we aim to facilitate a possible re-orientation of policy away from redistribution to universalism. The striking challenges of the causes of health differences are complex, and the 29 recommendations to combat social inequality of health demand cross sectorial actions. The recommendations are listed thematically and have not been prioritized. Some are fundamental and require pronounced changes across sectors, whereas others are minor and sector-specific.

scholarly journals Association of Obesity and Socioeconomic Status among Women of Childbearing Age Living in Urban Area of Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Barich ◽  
Fatima Ezzahra Zahrou ◽  
Fatima Zahra Laamiri ◽  
Nisrine El Mir ◽  
Manelle Rjimati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
The Social

Worldwide, obesity is considered as an important public health problem. This study aims to explore the social and economic factors associated with overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age residing in the urban area of Morocco. This is a descriptive and analytical study conducted among women (N=240), aged between 15 and 49 years. At recruitment, socioeconomic status (SES) of each participant was assessed, anthropometric parameters were recorded, and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured to assess overweight and obesity. Data regarding skipped meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) were collected using an adapted questionnaire. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age was 29.9% and 15.4%, respectively, while for abdominal obesity, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was, respectively, 39.9% and 60.1%. The results indicate that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women is higher in women aged over 30. A significant association was shown between education level and both BMI and WHR (r1=−0.23, r2=−0.17, p<0.05), respectively, and there is also a significant correlation between household size and WHR abdominal obesity (r=0.21, p=0.05). Our results reinforce the necessity to improve the access of all social classes in Morocco to reliable information on the determinants and consequences of obesity and to develop plans for adequate prevention and management of obesity.

scholarly journals Falls in older aged adults in 22 European countries: incidence, mortality and burden of disease from 1990 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. i67-i74
Author(s):  
Juanita A Haagsma ◽  
Branko F Olij ◽  
Marek Majdan ◽  
Ed F van Beeck ◽  
Theo Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
European Region ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Western European

IntroductionFalls in older aged adults are an important public health problem. Insight into differences in fall-related injury rates between countries can serve as important input for identifying and evaluating prevention strategies. The objectives of this study were to compare Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates on incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to fall-related injury in older adults across 22 countries in the Western European region and to examine changes over a 28-year period.MethodsWe performed a secondary database descriptive study using the GBD 2017 results on age-standardised fall-related injury in older adults aged 70 years and older in 22 countries from 1990 to 2017.ResultsIn 2017, in the Western European region, 13 840 per 100 000 (uncertainty interval (UI) 11 837–16 113) older adults sought medical treatment for fall-related injury, ranging from 7594 per 100 000 (UI 6326–9032) in Greece to 19 796 per 100 000 (UI 15 536–24 233) in Norway. Since 1990, fall-related injury DALY rates showed little change for the whole region, but patterns varied widely between countries. Some countries (eg, Belgium and Netherlands) have lost their favourable positions due to an increasing fall-related injury burden of disease since 1990.ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2017, there was considerable variation in fall-related injury incidence, mortality, DALY rates and its composites in the 22 countries in the Western European region. It may be useful to assess which fall prevention measures have been taken in countries that showed continuous low or decreasing incidence, death and DALY rates despite ageing of the population.

Suicide on the Indian Subcontinent

Crisis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Causative Factors

Summary: The Indian subcontinent comprises eight countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bhutan, and the Maldives) and a collective population of more than 1.3 billion people. 10% of the world's suicides (more than 100,000 people) take place in just three of these countries, viz. India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. There is very little information on suicides from the other four countries. Some differences from suicides in Western countries include the high use of organophosphate insecticides, larger numbers of married women, fewer elderly subjects, and interpersonal relationship problems and life events as important causative factors. There is need for more and better information regarding suicide in the countries of the Indian subcontinent. In particular, studies must address culture-specific risk factors associated with suicide in these countries. The prevention of this important public health problem in an area of the world with myriad socio-economic problems, meager resources, and stigmatization of mental illness poses a formidable challenge to mental health professionals, policy makers, and governments of these countries.

Victor S. D'Souza. Development Planning and Structural Inequalities: The Response of the Underprivileged. New Delhi: Sage Publications 1990. Pages 206 + Index. Price: Rs 180 (Hardbound).

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
The Social

Deveiopment planning in India, as in other developing countries, has generally been aimed at fostering an industrially-oriented policy as the engine of economic growth. This one-sided economic development, which results in capital formation, creation of urban elites, and underprivileged social classes of a modern society, has led to distortions in the social structure as a whole. On the contrary, as a result of this uneven economic development, which is narrowly measured in terms of economic growth and capital formation, the fruits of development have gone to the people according to their economic power and position in the social structure: those occupying higher positions benefiting much more than those occupying the lower ones. Thus, development planning has tended to increase inequalities and has sharpened divisive tendencies. Victor S. D'Souza, an eminent Indian sociologist, utilizing the Indian census data of 1961, 1971, and 1981, examines the problem of structural inequality with particular reference to the Indian Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - the two most underprivileged sections of the present Indian society which, according to the census of 1981, comprised 15.75 percent and 7.76 percent of India's population respectively. Theoretically, he takes the concept of development in a broad sense as related to the self-fulfIlment of the individual. The transformation of the unjust social structure, the levelling down of glaring economic and social inequalities, and the concern for the development of the underprivileged are for the author the basic elements of a planned development. This is the theoretical perspective of the first chapter, "Development Planning and Social Transformation".

Study of the efficacy of Pathadi Ghanavati with Lajamanda in the management of Aamatisara

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhura Jadhav ◽  
P. D. Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Loose Motion ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
Trial Drug

Acute Diarrhoea is an important public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that there are more than 1000 million cases of Acute Diarrhoea. Loose motion less than 2 weeks that labelled as Acute Diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is described in Ayurvedic classics with the name of ‘Atisara’. It means passing of excessive flow of watery stool through anus. Most important factor in the pathogenesis of Aamatisara is Mandagni. In present study 50 patients of Aamatisara were selected from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa department. For the clinical study Pathadi Ghanavati and Lajamanda was selected as the trial drug which was given for the duration of 7 days in the dose of 1gm twice a day. It was observed that 32% patients were from the age group 51-60 years, 70% were females, 62% were from lower-middle socio economic class. Sama Jivha was found in all the patients. Among results loose motion showed 98.75% relief, 97.82% showed improvement in Udarashoola, 97.43% improvement in Agnimandya and Daurbalya each, 100% relief was seen in Aruchi. All the symptoms showed highly significant results. Hence it can be concluded that Pathadi Ghanavati and Lajamanda is very effective remedy in the patients of Aamatisara.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document