scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbiological and Free-Living Protozoa Contamination in Dental Unit Waterlines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Spagnolo ◽  
Marina Sartini ◽  
David Di Cave ◽  
Beatrice Casini ◽  
Benedetta Tuvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Counts

Studies conducted over the last 40 years have demonstrated that the water output from dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is often contaminated with high densities of microorganisms. It has been monitored the microbiological quality of the water in 30 public dental facilities in northern Italy in order to assess the health risk for patients and dental staff. In each facility, samples of water both from taps and from DUWLs were analyzed in order to evaluate heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) at 22 °C and 36 °C, and to detect coliform bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila and amoebae. In 100% of the samples taken from the DUWLs, the concentration of HPCs was above the threshold as determined by the Ministère de la Santé et des Solidarités (2007). The concentration of P. aeruginosa was greater than the indicated threshold in 16.67% of the hand-pieces analyzed. A total of 78.33% of samples were contaminated by L. pneumophila, while in the samples taken from the DUWLs alone, this percentage rose to 86.67%. Amoebae were detected in 60% of the samples taken from hand-pieces; all belonging to the species V. vermiformis. This study documented the presence of various microorganisms, including Legionella spp., at considerably higher concentrations in water samples from DUWLs than in samples of tap water in the same facilities, confirming the role of the internal DUWLs in increasing microbial contamination, especially in the absence of proper management of waterborne health risks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbiological Quality of Commercially Available Bottled Water in the City of Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder ◽  
KM Nazmul Islam ◽  
Rezwanun Naher Nite ◽  
Rashed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Counts

Bottled water has become one of the most popular drinks in Bangladesh. Now a days it is easily available in the market. Due to lack of confidence on municipal supply water, people now prefer to drink bottled water instead of tap water, mostly when they are outside the home, and in many occasions. In the present study, the presence of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC) from nine commercially available lacal Bangladeshi bottled water samples were examined. The obtained results indicated that most of the studied bottled water were out of their safety guidelines and hence some chronic diseases (renal failure, liver cirrhosis and anemia) are expected in the area understudy, because 68.89% and 31.11% of the bottled water sampled in the current study showed heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) within a range of 1-500 (cfu/ml) and greater than 500 (cfu/ml), respectively and 0% samples showed less than 1 (cfu/ml) in heterotrophic plate counts. The results also revealed the ill performance and poor drinking water quality of the purification systems of the investigated water samples. 28% of the respondents considered that the quality of bottled water was satisfactory, in contrast to the 26% of the respondent, who judged that the quality of bottled water was not that satisfactory. However, the highest (34%) number of the respondents did not know whether the quality of the bottled water is good or not satisfactory. Recommendation was suggested for new treatment systems of the investigated suspicious water to prevent human illness.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v1i1.9099Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.1(1), July 2011, p.24-30

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals Efficacy of BRS® and Alpron®/Bilpron® Disinfectants for Dental Unit Waterlines: A Six-Year Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Baudet ◽  
Julie Lizon ◽  
Jean-Marc Martrette ◽  
Frédéric Camelot ◽  
Arnaud Florentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines ◽  
Significant Health

Biofilms in dental unit waterlines (DUWL) are a potentially significant source of contamination posing a significant health risk as these may come into contact with patients and dental staff during treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of DUWL water treated by Biofilm-Removing-System® (BRS®) and Alpron®/Bilpron® disinfectant solutions for six years in a French university hospital. The microbiological quality of water supplied by 68 dental units—initially shock treated with BRS®, then continuously treated by Alpron® with sterile water during working days and Bilpron® during inactivity period, and combined with purging every morning and after each patient—was assessed biannually during six years for total culturable aerobic bacteria at 22 °C and 36 °C, Legionella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and total coliforms. A total of 628 samples were analyzed, 99.8% were compliant with extended microbiological levels, and we never detected pathogen bacteria like Legionella sp. and P. aeruginosa. Only one sample (0.2%) was noncompliant with the level of total culturable aerobic bacteria at 36 °C, which exceeded 140 colony forming units per mL. The protocol implemented in our university hospital gives excellent results and enables control of the microbiological quality of DUWL water in the long term.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical and Microbiological Quality in 21 Brands of Iranian Bottled Drinking Waters in 2012: A Comparison Study on Label and Real Contents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moazeni ◽  
M. Atefi ◽  
A. Ebrahimi ◽  
P. Razmjoo ◽  
M. Vahid Dastjerdi
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Counts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare chemical and microbiological quality of the 21 Iranian bottled drinking waters reported on manufacturer's labeling and standards in 2012. Samples were analyzed for chemical properties K+, F−,SO4 2−, Cl−, Mg2+, Ca2+, and pH. Total and fecal coliform and heterotrophic plate counts of selected samples were analyzed by MPN and HPC tests, respectively, for three months. Finally, the labeled and real contents of the samples were compared. Potassium and sulfate ions about 43 and 52 percent of studied sample contents had values higher than label amounts, respectively. Ca2+, Cl−ions, and pH were about 71, 48, and 67 percent, respectively, less than label values. Total and fecal coliforms had negative results. The mean concentrations and standard deviations for K+, Cl−, pH, Ca2+, Mg2+,SO4 2−, and HPC were 1.13 ± 1.06, 16.39 ± 31.97, 6.6 ± 0.7, 28.35 ± 10.34, 86.58 ± 33.21, 24.17 ± 17.30 mg/L, and 16855 ± 25603 cfu/mL, respectively. Thus, there is possibility of microorganisms’ growth in favorite conditions in bottled water. It was imperative to assess the public health risks in bottled water in Iran.

Controlling Legionella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa re-growth in therapeutic spas: implementation of physical disinfection treatments, including UV/ultrafiltration, in a respiratory hydrotherapy system

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Leoni ◽  
T. Sanna ◽  
F. Zanetti ◽  
L. Dallolio
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Environmental Surveillance ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Counts

The study aimed to assess the efficacy of an integrated water safety plan (WSP) in controlling Legionella re-growth in a respiratory hydrotherapy system located in a spa centre, supplied with sulphurous water, which was initially colonized by Legionella pneumophila. Heterotrophic plate counts, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella spp. were detected in water samples taken 6-monthly from the hydrotherapy equipment (main circuit, entry to benches, final outlets). On the basis of the results obtained by the continuous monitoring and the changes in conditions, the original WSP, including physical treatments of water and waterlines, environmental surveillance and microbiological monitoring, was integrated introducing a UV/ultrafiltration system. The integrated treatment applied to the sulphurous water (microfiltration/UV irradiation/ultrafiltration), waterlines (superheated stream) and distal outlets (descaling/disinfection of nebulizers and nasal irrigators), ensured the removal of Legionella spp. and P. aeruginosa and a satisfactory microbiological quality over time. The environmental surveillance was successful in evaluating the hazard and identifying the most suitable preventive strategies to avoid Legionella re-growth. Ultrafiltration is a technology to take into account in the control of microbial contamination of therapeutic spas, since it does not modify the chemical composition of the water, thus allowing it to retain its therapeutic properties.

scholarly journals Dental Unit Waterlines: A Survey of Practices in Eastern France

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Baudet ◽  
Julie Lizon ◽  
Jean-Marc Martrette ◽  
Frédéric Camelot ◽  
Arnaud Florentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Physical Technique ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines ◽  
Dental Offices ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water is essential during dental care. Physical and chemical techniques should be used to maintain a good water quality with respect to bacteria, and to ensure the safety of exposed patients and dental staff. The aim of this survey was to assess the modalities used by dental practitioners in Eastern France to maintain the water quality of their dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). A questionnaire about water quality maintenance practices was sent to 870 dental offices in 2016. The questionnaires were completed by 153 dental offices, covering about 223 dental care units. The majority of units were fed by mains water (91.0%), which is generally unfiltered (71.3%). One-third (33.6%) of the units had an independent water bottle reservoir. Flushing, a basic physical technique to improve the quality of units’ outflow water, was practiced in 65.4% of dental offices. Concerning the chemical treatment of water, it was used for 62.1% of the units. An analysis of the microbiological quality of the DUWL water was only carried out in 2.6% of the offices. In conclusion, providing better training to dental staff seems necessary to improve their practices and to generalize procedures that improve the microbiological quality of the water used.

Microbiological Quality of Fresh Blue Crabmeat, Clams and Oysters

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 978-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. WENTZ ◽  
A. P. DURAN ◽  
A. SWARTZENTRUBER ◽  
A. H. SCHWAB ◽  
R. B. READ
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eastern Oysters

The microbiological quality of fresh blue crabmeat, soft- and hardshell clams and shucked Eastern oysters was determined at the retail (crabmeat, oysters) and wholesale (clams) levels. Geometric means of aerobic plate counts incubated at 35°C were: blue crabmeat 140,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/g, hardshell clams, 950 CFU/g, softshell clams 680 CFU/g and shucked Eastern oysters 390,000 CFU/g. Coliform geometric means ranged from 3,6/100 g for hardshell clams to 21/g for blue crabmeat. Means for fecal coliforms or Escherichia coli ranged from <3/100 g for clams to 27/100 g for oysters, The mean Staphylococcus aureus count in blue crabmeat was 10/g.

The Microbiological Quality of Honey as Determined by Aerobic Colony Counts

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEP SERRA BONVEHI ◽  
ROSSEND ESCOLÁ JORDÁ
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Filter Methods ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Multifloral Honey ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Membrane Filter Method

The number of mesophilic aerobic colonies was determined in 72 samples of mono- and multifloral honey from various sources by the plate count and the membrane filter methods. The presence of motile colonies made the plate counts unreliable. The microorganism producing these colonies was identified as Bacillus alvei. Colony counts could only be carried out in 27 of the samples when using the plate count method, while with the membrane filter method the number of colonies was counted in all the samples.

Effectiveness of Trimming and/or Washing on Microbiological Quality of Beef Carcasses

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. PRASAI ◽  
R. K PHEBUS ◽  
C. M. GARCIA ZEPEDA ◽  
C. L. KASTNER ◽  
A. E. BOYLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Commercial Processing ◽  
Being Moved

Beef carcass sides (n = 48) were selected randomly on three different days in a commercial processing facility and microbiologically analyzed before being moved to the cooler. Four types of samples were obtained per side from the inside round area: no trim and no wash (NTNW); trim, but no wash (TNW); trim and wash (TW), and no trim but wash (NTW). A flame-sterilized knife, forceps, and scalpel were used for each trimming treatment and sampling. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in mean aerobic plate counts (APCs) between treatments. The greatest reduction in APC (log10 colony forming units [CFU] per cm2) was observed in TNW samples followed by TW and NTW, with the corresponding mean APC reductions relative to NTNW being 3.0, 0.9, and 0.3, respectively, indicating that trimming can be an effective control point in reducing bacterial contamination in the slaughter process. Although TNW samples, had the lowest counts, samples from the same location after wash (TW) had counts 2 log cycles higher than TNW samples. These results indicate that washing spreads contamination to adjacent carcass sites. However, washing of carcasses was effective in lowering microbial populations relative to the NTNW treatment. Escherichia coli and coliform counts in all samples were low (0.03 to 0.4 log10 CFU/cm2); however, the mean E. coli or coliform count in NTNW samples was higher (P < 0.05) than those in the rest of the treatments.

A Bacteriological Survey of Raw Ground Beef1

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 790-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES F. FOSTER ◽  
JAMES L. FOWLER ◽  
WARREN C. LADIGES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The microbiological quality of 150 units of raw ground beef obtained from a local retail store was determined. The range of aerobic plate counts was from 6.9 × 104 to 8.3 × 107/g. By using the most probable number method 96.7% of the 150 units were positive for coliforms, 94.7% for Escherichia coli and 61.3% for Staphylococcus aureus. By the plate methods, 99.3% of the units were positive for fecal streptococci and 56% were positive for Clostridium perfringens. No salmonellae were isolated. Aerobic and anaerobic organisms were isolated and identified. E. coli was the most frequently isolated aerobe followed by organisms in the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group. Among the anaerobic isolates, C. perfringens was the organism most frequently encountered.

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