Effect of Endogenous Selenium on Arsenic Uptake and Antioxidative Enzymes in As-Exposed Rice Seedlings

Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are two metalloids found in the environment. As it poses a significant threat to human health and plant growth due to its prevalence and toxicity, however Se is a required micronutrient for human health. In this study hydroponic experiments were performed to investigate whether endogenous Se can mitigate As toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We found that As uptake by rice roots increased by pretreatment with selenateSe(VI) or selenite Se(IV). However, co-application of arsenate As(V) or arsenite As(III) with selenate markedly reduced the uptake of As by roots. Co- or pretreatment with Se with five µM of As(V) or one µM of As(III) significantly decreased shoot As content. Conversely, Se pretreatment before the addition of five µM of As(III) or one µM of As(V) resulted in As accumulation in the shoot compared to As and Se co-application. As translocation to the shoot was lower whereas the transfer factor was higher upon the simultaneous application of Se and As compared to Se pretreatment. Se supplementation with As(III) or pretreatment increased antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) increased in the root and shoot, but decreased glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the shoot. Plants under As(V) treatment showed the same trend except that CAT content decreased in the root and shoot, while MDA content increased in the shoot. These results suggest that cultivating rice in the presence of Se can reduce the accumulation of toxic As in seedlings, thus ensuring the safety of this important crop for human consumption.

Download Full-text

Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on the Growth of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Seedlings and the Relevant Physiological Responses

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17041260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1260 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhongzhou Yang ◽

Yifan Xiao ◽

Tongtong Jiao ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Jing Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Copper Oxide ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Cuo Nps ◽

Rice Leaves

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major staple food for billions of people, was assessed for its phytotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs, size < 50 nm). Under hydroponic condition, seven days of exposure to 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/L CuO NPs significantly suppressed the growth rate of rice seedlings compared to both the control and the treatment of supernatant from 250 mg/L CuO NP suspensions. In addition, physiological indexes associated with antioxidants, including membrane damage and antioxidant enzyme activity, were also detected. Treatment with 250 mg/L CuO NPs significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrical conductivity of rice shoots by 83.4% and 67.0%, respectively. The activity of both catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased in rice leaves treated with CuO NPs at the concentration of 250 mg/L, while the activity of the superoxide dismutase significantly increased by 1.66 times in rice roots exposed to 125 mg/L CuO NPs. The chlorophyll, including chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content in rice leaves decreased with CuO NP exposure. Finally, to explain potential molecular mechanisms of chlorophyll variations, the expression of four related genes, namely, Magnesium chelatase D subunit, Chlorophyll synthase, Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase, and Chlorophyllide a oxygenase, were quantified by qRT-PCR. Overall, CuO NPs, especially at 250 mg/L concentration, could affect the growth and development of rice seedlings, probably through oxidative damage and disturbance of chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis.

Download Full-text

Effects of lanthanum on growth and accumulation in roots of rice seedlings

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/760/2012-pse ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 196-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

D. Liu ◽

X. Wang ◽

X. Zhang ◽

Z. Gao

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Rice Roots ◽

Transmission Electron

Hormetic effects on the growth were found in the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Shengdao 16) exposed to increasing concentrations of La3+ (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mmol/L). The results indicated that La3+ promoted the growth of rice roots at 0.05 mmol/L, but inhibited the growth at 1.0 and 1.5 mmol/L La3+ after 13 days of exposure. Transmission electron microscope showed that La3+ was mainly deposited in the cell walls of the roots. In addition, the accumulation of K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo in the roots was also affected with the exposure of different La3+ treatments. It showed that La3+ affected the nutritional status of roots and further regulated the growth of rice.

Download Full-text

Effects of Iron and Manganese Plaques on Arsenic Uptake by Rice Seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) Grown in Solution Culture Supplied with Arsenate and Arsenite

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-005-6453-4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 277 (1-2) ◽

pp. 127-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

W.-J. Liu ◽

Y.-G. Zhu ◽

F.A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Solution Culture ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Arsenic Uptake ◽

Iron And Manganese

Download Full-text

Aluminium toxicity on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings grown in hydroponic culture

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49994 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 619-624

Author(s):

Rifat Samad ◽

Parveen Rashid ◽

JL Karmoker

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Aluminium Toxicity ◽

Hydroponic Culture ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Al Stress ◽

Generic Difference

Effects of four different concentrations of aluminium (10, 50, 100 and 150 μM) on some antioxidant enzyme activities like peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase of the seedlings of rice and chickpea grown in hydroponic culture showed aluminium toxicity which caused a dramatic increase in peroxidase and catalase activities in the root and shoot of rice seedlings. Al (150 μM) caused eight to nine-folds increase in peroxidase and catalase activity, respectively, in the root of rice seedlings. On the contrary, Al stress decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the root and shoot of rice seedlings. In chickpea seedlings, Al stress caused a few-folds increases in peroxidase, catalase and SOD activities in the roots and leaves. A dramatic 14.8 and 14.6-folds increase in SOD activity was recorded in the roots and leaves of chickpea seedlings, respectively. It is noted that there is a generic difference between rice and chickpea with respect to the effect of Al stress on SOD activity.

Download Full-text

Effects of the Herbicide Pretilachlor and the Safener Fenclorim on Glutathione Content and Glutathione-Dependent Enzyme Activity of Rice

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1991-9-1023 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 46 (9-10) ◽

pp. 861-865 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Seong Han ◽

Kriton K. Hatzios

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Time Course ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Related Enzyme ◽

Time Course Study ◽

Gst Activity

Abstract The influence of individual or combined treatments of the chloroacetanilide herbicide pretilachlor and the safener fenclorim on glutathione content and the activity of glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) of rice (Oryza sativa L., var. Lamont) was investigated in a time-course study including 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h periods after treatment. Pretilachlor applied alone at 2 μM did not influence the levels of total or reduced glutathione of germinating rice seedlings. Fenclorim applied alone at 20 μM increased significantly the levels of total and reduced glutathione of rice seedlings at 12, 24, and 72 h after treatment. The combination of pretilachlor and fenclorim increased the levels of total and reduced glutathione of rice at all time periods. GR activity extracted from pretilachlor-treated rice seedlings was significantly lower than that extracted from untreated rice seedlings. Pretreatment of rice seedlings with the safener fenclorim increased GR activity at 12 and 24 h, but not at 48 and 72 h after treatment. GR activity extracted from rice seedlings treated with the combination of pretilachlor and fenclorim was significantly higher than that of untreated controls at 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment. Pretreatment of rice seedlings with pretilachlor reduced the activity of GST which catalyzes the conjugation of this herbicide with reduced glutathione at time intervals greater than 24 h. Pretreatment with fenclorim did not have any effect on GST activity of rice seedlings. Pretreatment with the combination of pretilachlor and fenclorim increased GST activity of rice seedlings at the 48 and 72 h periods. These results suggest that a simultaneous application of pretilachlor and fenclorim is critical for the enhancement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme activity and the protection of rice from pretilachlor injury.

Download Full-text

Regulation of Growth and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) seedlings by Selenium and Sulphate

Journal of Plant Studies ◽

10.5539/jps.v7n1p61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Debarati Das ◽

Prabal Das ◽

Asok K Biswas

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽

Sodium Sulphate ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Starch Phosphorylase ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Linear Pattern

Selenium is an essential and also toxic trace element for organisms including plants. We studied the role of selenium (Na2SeO4) on growth and carbohydrate metabolism and its interaction with sulphate (Na2SO4) in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Satabdi) seedlings. Low concentration of selenium (2µM) showed stimulatory effect on growth as opposed to its higher concentration (50µM). Selenium was found to accumulate in a dose dependent linear pattern in the plant tissues. Exposure to selenate increased both reducing and non reducing sugar contents in the rice seedlings accompanied with an increase in the activities of sugar metabolizing enzymes like Sucrose Synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (EC 2.4.1.14). An increase in Starch Phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) activity corresponded with the reduction in starch contents in the rice seedlings. Since Selenium is chemically analogous to sulphate, simultaneous application of sodium sulphate (10mM) and selenate (Na2SeO4) was found to ameliorate partially or totally all the tested parameters under selenate treatment alone resulting in alteration of growth and development of the test seedlings.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Phosphorous and Selenium Treatments on Arsenic Uptake and Plant Growth in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“Agriculture for Life Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings ◽

10.2478/alife-2018-0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Joe Barton ◽

Richard Collins ◽

Anya Westland ◽

Lance Butters

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Material ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Growth Data ◽

Period Analysis ◽

Arsenic Uptake ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Phosphorus (P) and Selenium (Se) supplementation to rice plants grown in Arsenic (As) contaminated conditions as be found by many studies to reduce As uptake and benefit growth in such conditions, however there are some inconsistencies as to how effective these treatments are. This study investigates the effect of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and double the recommended concentration of P and Se on the growth of rice seedlings both with and without the presence of As over a maximum 20 day period. Analysis of the growth data collected indicated that there is no significant difference in the leaf, maximum and minimum root lengths, leaf and root numbers or the As content of the plant material. This study finds that different concentrations of P and Se do not affect growth at early stages and do not affect As uptake.

Download Full-text

Impact of Bacillus in fermented soybean foods on human health

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s13213-021-01641-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Trishala Gopikrishna ◽

Harini Keerthana Suresh Kumar ◽

Kumar Perumal ◽

Elavarashi Elangovan

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Health Risks ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Potential Health ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Food Pathogens ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Fermented Soybean Foods

Abstract Purpose Fermented soybean foods (FSF) is popularly consumed in the South-East Asian countries. Bacillus species, a predominant microorganism present in these foods, have demonstrated beneficial and deleterious impacts on human health. These microorganisms produce bioactive compounds during fermentation that have beneficial impacts in improving human health. However, the health risks associated with FSF, food pathogens, biogenic amines (BAs) production, and late-onset anaphylaxis, remain a concern. The purpose of this review is to present an in-depth analysis of positive and negative impacts as a result of consumption of FSF along with the measures to alleviate health risks for human consumption. Methods This review was composed by scrutinizing contemporary literature of peer-reviewed publications related to Bacillus and FSF. Based on the results from academic journals, this review paper was categorized into FSF, role of Bacillus species in these foods, process of fermentation, beneficial, and adverse influence of these foods along with methods to improve food safety. Special emphasis was given to the potential benefits of bioactive compounds released during fermentation of soybean by Bacillus species. Results The nutritional and functional properties of FSF are well-appreciated, due to the release of peptides and mucilage, which have shown health benefits: in managing cardiac disease, gastric disease, cancer, allergies, hepatic disease, obesity, immune disorders, and especially microbial infections due to the presence of probiotic property, which is a potential alternative to antibiotics. Efficient interventions were established to mitigate pitfalls like the techniques to reduce BAs and food pathogens and by using a defined starter culture to improve the safety and quality of these foods. Conclusion Despite some of the detrimental effects produced by these foods, potential health benefits have been observed. Therefore, soybean foods fermented by Bacillus can be a promising food by integrating effective measures for maintaining safety and quality for human consumption. Further, in vivo analysis on the activity and dietary interventions of bioactive compounds among animal models and human volunteers are yet to be achieved which is essential to commercialize them for safe consumption by humans, especially immunocompromised patients.

Download Full-text