scholarly journals Aluminium toxicity on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings grown in hydroponic culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
Parveen Rashid ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Generic Difference

Effects of four different concentrations of aluminium (10, 50, 100 and 150 μM) on some antioxidant enzyme activities like peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase of the seedlings of rice and chickpea grown in hydroponic culture showed aluminium toxicity which caused a dramatic increase in peroxidase and catalase activities in the root and shoot of rice seedlings. Al (150 μM) caused eight to nine-folds increase in peroxidase and catalase activity, respectively, in the root of rice seedlings. On the contrary, Al stress decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the root and shoot of rice seedlings. In chickpea seedlings, Al stress caused a few-folds increases in peroxidase, catalase and SOD activities in the roots and leaves. A dramatic 14.8 and 14.6-folds increase in SOD activity was recorded in the roots and leaves of chickpea seedlings, respectively. It is noted that there is a generic difference between rice and chickpea with respect to the effect of Al stress on SOD activity.

The effects of Cd on lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content and antioxidant enzyme activities in Cd-sensitive mutant rice seedlings

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
C. Zhu ◽  
D. Lin ◽  
Z. -X Sun
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Sensitive Mutant ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Cadmium-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. Japonica ‘Zhonghua11’) mutants were obtained using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-based gene delivery system. Significant phenotypic differences were observed between a Cd-sensitive mutant (ST) and wild type (WT) rice seedlings. Results indicated that Cd accumulation in the leaves of the mutant was twice that of the wild type after 10 d of 0.5 mM Cd2+ treatment. Furthermore, a rapid Cd-induced H2O2 increase was observed in the mutant leaves, which induced abnormally early activity in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, the mutant leaves showed lower catalase (CAT) activity. By contrast, guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) activities were higher in the mutant than in the wild type roots. Together with the Cd toxicity-induced decline of early responsive enzymatic activities in vivo, especially CAT, the inability of mutants to scavenge accumulated H2O2 resulted in higher lipid peroxide levels. H2O2 might also strengthen the expression of G-POD as a signaling molecule. Results suggest that G-POD activity can be a potential biomarker reflecting Cd sensitivity in rice seedlings. Key words: Antioxidant enzyme, Cd toxicity, Cd-sensitive mutant, lipid peroxidation, rice (Oryza sativa L.)

scholarly journals Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on the Growth of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Seedlings and the Relevant Physiological Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongzhou Yang ◽  
Yifan Xiao ◽  
Tongtong Jiao ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Rice Leaves

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major staple food for billions of people, was assessed for its phytotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs, size < 50 nm). Under hydroponic condition, seven days of exposure to 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/L CuO NPs significantly suppressed the growth rate of rice seedlings compared to both the control and the treatment of supernatant from 250 mg/L CuO NP suspensions. In addition, physiological indexes associated with antioxidants, including membrane damage and antioxidant enzyme activity, were also detected. Treatment with 250 mg/L CuO NPs significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrical conductivity of rice shoots by 83.4% and 67.0%, respectively. The activity of both catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased in rice leaves treated with CuO NPs at the concentration of 250 mg/L, while the activity of the superoxide dismutase significantly increased by 1.66 times in rice roots exposed to 125 mg/L CuO NPs. The chlorophyll, including chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content in rice leaves decreased with CuO NP exposure. Finally, to explain potential molecular mechanisms of chlorophyll variations, the expression of four related genes, namely, Magnesium chelatase D subunit, Chlorophyll synthase, Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase, and Chlorophyllide a oxygenase, were quantified by qRT-PCR. Overall, CuO NPs, especially at 250 mg/L concentration, could affect the growth and development of rice seedlings, probably through oxidative damage and disturbance of chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis.

scholarly journals Effect of aluminium toxicity on the accumulation and distribution of K+, Na+, Cl- and NO3 - in Oryza sativa L. and Cicer arietinum L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
Parveen Rashid ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Parts

Aluminium (10 to 150 μM) decreased K+ accumulation in the root and shoot of rice and the root, stem and leaves of chickpea seedlings. On the other hand, Al, at a concentration of 10, 50, 100 and 150 μM increased Na+ content in different parts of rice and chickpea seedlings. 150 μM Al increased Na+ accumulation in the root by 2.1‐ to 2.2‐folds from 3 to 96 hrs of treatment. Aluminium at a concentration of 150 μM caused a dramatic 2‐ and 3.4‐folds increase in Claccumulation in the root and shoot of rice, respectively. In chickpea, 150 μM Al increased Cl‐ accumulation in the root by 2‐folds. On the contrary, Al application decreased NO3‐ accumulation in different parts of rice and chickpea seedlings. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(2): 141-149, 2017 (July)

Effects of bacterial endotoxin on protecting copper-deficient rats from hyperoxia

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 982-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Spence ◽  
S. G. Jenkinson ◽  
K. H. Johnson ◽  
J. F. Collins ◽  
R. A. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Hyperoxic Exposure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The administration of very low doses of bacterial endotoxin protects rats during exposure to hyperoxia and is associated with the induction of lung antioxidant enzyme activities. Copper-deficient rats have increased susceptibility to O2 toxicity, which may be related to their decreased lung superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) or decreased plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations. To determine whether endotoxin can protect against hyperoxia in this susceptible model, we exposed copper-deficient and control rats to a fractional inspiratory concentration of O2 greater than 0.95 for 96 h after pretreatment with 500 micrograms/kg of bacterial endotoxin or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Mortality in the copper-deficient and control rats given PBS and exposed to O2 for 96 h was 100%. Copper-deficient rats died significantly earlier during the exposure than controls. No mortality occurred in either group treated with endotoxin and hyperoxia despite the decreased activity of copper-dependent enzymes in the copper-deficient rats. Copper-deficient rats treated with endotoxin and exposed to hyperoxia did increase lung Cu-Zn-SOD activity, but activity remained below levels found in air-exposed controls. Mn-SOD activity was found to be induced above air-exposed controls in the copper-deficient rats treated with endotoxin and exposed to hyperoxia. Hyperoxic exposure resulted in a marked increase in plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations in the control rats, but no increases in ceruloplasmin occurred in the copper-deficient animals. Endotoxin protects copper-deficient rats from hyperoxia despite their decreased lung Cu-Zn-SOD activity, and decreased plasma ceruloplasmin.

Biological variability of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in blood

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1932-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Guemouri ◽  
Y Artur ◽  
B Herbeth ◽  
C Jeandel ◽  
G Cuny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biological Variability ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Automated Methods

Abstract We studied the biological variability of blood superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.9), and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) in a sample of 1836 apparently health subjects, ages 4-97 years. SOD and GPX activities were assayed in plasma (P) and erythrocytes (E) by automated methods, and CAT was measured in erythrocytes by a manual technique. No statistically significant variation of these antioxidant enzyme activities according to gender was demonstrated, except for E-GPX, which was slightly but significantly higher in women than in men (P less than 0.001). Activities appear rather stable in adults less than 65 years old, but decrease for most enzymes in the elderly. There is no evidence that weight, blood pressure, or menopause influences the antioxidant enzymes' activities. In girls ages 10-14 years, E-SOD activity is reduced by 16% (P less than 0.05) after menarche. Variations related to smoking and alcohol consumption are slight and concern only P-SOD and P-GPX, respectively. Conversely, intake of some drugs (e.g., anti-inflammatory agents, antidepressants, and thyroid hormones) modifies activity of some of the three enzymes. E-SOD positively correlates with P-SOD (r = 0.216, P less than 0.001) and E-CAT (r = 0.123, P less than 0.001), and E-GPX with P-GPX (r = 0.218, P less than 0.001). Finally, we propose reference intervals for activities of the three antioxidant enzymes in blood in individuals less than 65 years old.

scholarly journals Effect of Endogenous Selenium on Arsenic Uptake and Antioxidative Enzymes in As-Exposed Rice Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboubacar Younoussa Camara ◽  
Yanan Wan ◽  
Yao Yu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Arsenic Uptake ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
As Toxicity

Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are two metalloids found in the environment. As it poses a significant threat to human health and plant growth due to its prevalence and toxicity, however Se is a required micronutrient for human health. In this study hydroponic experiments were performed to investigate whether endogenous Se can mitigate As toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We found that As uptake by rice roots increased by pretreatment with selenateSe(VI) or selenite Se(IV). However, co-application of arsenate As(V) or arsenite As(III) with selenate markedly reduced the uptake of As by roots. Co- or pretreatment with Se with five µM of As(V) or one µM of As(III) significantly decreased shoot As content. Conversely, Se pretreatment before the addition of five µM of As(III) or one µM of As(V) resulted in As accumulation in the shoot compared to As and Se co-application. As translocation to the shoot was lower whereas the transfer factor was higher upon the simultaneous application of Se and As compared to Se pretreatment. Se supplementation with As(III) or pretreatment increased antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) increased in the root and shoot, but decreased glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the shoot. Plants under As(V) treatment showed the same trend except that CAT content decreased in the root and shoot, while MDA content increased in the shoot. These results suggest that cultivating rice in the presence of Se can reduce the accumulation of toxic As in seedlings, thus ensuring the safety of this important crop for human consumption.

scholarly journals Constant darkness conditions modulate the effects of melatonin and luzindole on the antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of retinol and α-tocopherol in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kalinina ◽  
Viktor Ilyukha ◽  
Evgeniy Khizhkin ◽  
Irina Baishnikova ◽  
Ekaterina Antonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Normal Light

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of both exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole on the activities of antioxidant enzymes (AOE) (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) and the level of low-molecular antioxidant vitamins (retinol, α-tocopherol) in male Wistar rats kept in normal light conditions (LD 12:12) or constant darkness (DD). In LD, while melatonin had no influence on the studied antioxidants, luzindole caused an increase in retinol and a decrease in α-tocopherol contents in the liver compared to the control. In DD, with no influence on AOE activities, both drugs exerted similar effects on the liver retinol and kidney α-tocopherol contents, increasing them in comparison with control. Exposing the animals to DD induced an increase in kidney SOD activity and in liver retinol content. Moreover, DD-mel rats had higher SOD activity in the liver and kidney and a higher retinol level in the liver compared to LD-mel ones; DD-luz rats had a higher liver retinol content compared to LD-luz ones. Liver retinol level seems to be the most sensitive to influence of DD, melatonin and luzindole; the data are probably connected with the involvement of vitamin A in the regulation of circadian rhythms.

Exogenous Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione Alleviate Oxidative Stress Induced by Salt Stress in the Chloroplasts of Oryza sativa L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renlei Wang ◽  
Shaohua Liu ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Chunxia Ding
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Oxygen Scavenging

The effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)] and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, as well as of endogenous AsA and GSH, in the chloroplasts of two rice cultivars, the salt-tolerant cultivar Pokkali and the salt-sensitive cultivar Peta, were investigated. Exogenous AsA and GSH enhanced SOD, APX, and GR activities, increased endogenous AsA and GSH contents, and reduced those of H2O2 and MDA in the chloroplasts of both cultivars under salt stress (200 mM NaCl), but the effects were significantly more pronounced in cv. Pokkali. GSH acted more strongly than AsA on the plastidial reactive oxygen scavenging systems. These results indicated that exogenous AsA and GSH differentially enhanced salinity tolerance and alleviated salinity-induced damage in the two rice cultivars

scholarly journals Effects of aluminium toxicity on some biochemical components of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Rifat Samad ◽  
Parveen Rashid ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Rice Plants

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of aluminium (Al) toxicity on reducing and total sugar, proline, total amino acid and protein in rice seedlings grown in solution culture and phenolic compounds, chlorophyll and carotenoids in rice plants grown in sand culture. Exposure of rice seedlings to different concentrations of aluminium (10 - 150 μM) led to a stimulation of reducing and total sugar in the root and the shoot. Similarly, Al stress increased proline and total amino acid contents in different parts of rice seedlings. Aluminium toxicity caused a significant increase in phenolic compounds in rice plants. On the other hand, aluminium stress resulted in a reduction of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and carotenoid contents in the leaves of rice plants. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 125-132, 2020 (January)

scholarly journals Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in Pinus sylvestris and Larix decidua seedlings after Melolontha melolontha attack

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Monika Skwarek ◽  
Jacek Patykowski ◽  
Adrian Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Induction Of Resistance ◽  
The Common

Abstract Plants are constantly exposed to the influence of biotic and abiotic stress factors that significantly affect the induction of resistance responses. Biotic factors include bacteria, fungi and insects such as the common cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) that harm many tree species, including pine and larch. The adult beetles damage needles, while the larvae (grubs) feed on roots. The aim of the experiment was to determine how plants cope with the damage caused by these insects. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined three and six weeks after the insect-induced damage and the results show that the peroxidase activity, as measured with guaiacol (GPOD), was higher in the damaged roots of larch. The POD activity measured with syringaldazine (SPOD) was slightly higher in damaged pine needles as well as pine roots. SOD activity was higher in the damaged roots of both species as compared to the needles. It is believed that changes in the activity of POD and SOD as well as the presence of another form of SOD in the roots of larch, indicate direct involvement of these enzymes in the plants’ response to damage caused by M. melolontha.

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