scholarly journals Aspects of Illness and Death among Roma—Have They Changed after More than Two Hundred Years?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kozubik ◽  
Jitse P. van Dijk ◽  
Daniela Filakovska Bobakova
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Open Coding

Augustini studied Roma and published reports in 1775–1776 on their illnesses and death. Our intention was to compare the features of these two topics described by him in the late 18th century with those in the present time. We studied Augustini’s work on illnesses and death in the past. The present qualitative study was conducted in 2012–2013 in the same geographical area in which Augustini lived and worked more than two hundred years ago, i.e., the Tatra Region in Slovakia; our findings were evaluated in 2017–2018. We carried out semi-structured interviews with more than 70 informants and organised two sessions of focus groups. Data were analysed using content analysis (Augustini) and an open coding process. Our findings suggest that illnesses in Roma are treated differently nowadays compared with 1775–1776. For example, the traditional forms of healing have completely disappeared in the area of investigation. We did not observe any differences in dying and death perceptions between the past and nowadays. Although data and knowledge on health disparities and related mechanisms exist, and much more about perceptions of Roma regarding illnesses is now known compared with 1775–1776, so far, this knowledge has not helped to design effective interventions to overcome them. Substandard living conditions in marginalised Roma communities have not significantly improved since 1775–1776, which may contribute to their higher morbidity and mortality also nowadays. Political and social consensus should lead to a comprehensive vision for enhancing the social situation and living conditions in segregated settlements, especially providing housing for the poorest classes and overcoming health disparities.

scholarly journals The social impact of the ‘Social solidarity income’ in Greece: A qualitative interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Theodoros Sakellaropoulos ◽  
Varvara Lalioti ◽  
Nikos Kourachanis
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The present article sheds light on the implementation of the ‘Social Solidarity Income’ (SSI) in Greece, an example of a guaranteed minimum income (GMI). Drawing on the findings of 40 semi-structured interviews carried out in five selected municipalities, the article focuses on the ‘social impact’ of the SSI. More specifically, it investigates two inter-related themes: a) the social situation of beneficiaries and the survival strategies they used before and after receiving the SSI; and b) aspects of the SSI that should be improved at the implementation stage. It is argued that, despite certain positive elements of the SSI, such as the monetary allowance, which is a key component of the SSI and assists beneficiaries in covering their basic needs, the impact of the SSI on the lives of individuals is relatively small and a large proportion of the beneficiaries continue to rely on the survival strategies they used before implementation of the SSI

scholarly journals Writing from a Distance. The Past and the Present in Novels by Central and Eastern European Female Migrant Writers in Italy

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Anna Belozorovich
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Expression ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Female Migrant

Based on a research concerning literary works by the authors from Central and Eastern European countries living in Italy, this article explores the imaginary bonded to a vast geographical area and to a variety of social experiences connected to that area under regime or to the post-migration condition. The interviews conducted with the selected writers allow the authoress to gather elements that show the perception of the place of origin and its connection with neighboring countries, suggested by different motivations. The literary works cited in the article give testimony of lives under regimes and describe moments of transition due to political and social change or to the choice to migrate. While revealing sometimes a stereotyped view of the idea of ‘East’ in opposition to the ‘West’, these different voices, located at a spatial and temporal distance from the social realities they explore, suggest an important role of literary expression as means for contrasting the oblivion of the past and present injustices.

scholarly journals A representação do brasileiro nordestino nos filmes de cangaço

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Araujo Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brazilian Cinema ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
Historical Movement ◽  
Fictional Representations ◽  
Or History

In the Northeast of Brazil, the “cangaço” phenomenon, which began in the 18th century and was more expressive between the end of the nineteenth century and the fi rst decades of the twentieth century, is a formative element of Northeastern culture, still inhabiting the imaginary of the inhabitants of theregion. This historical movement was portrayed in Brazilian cinema in different periods and in diff erent ways. The first films with this theme came from 1920. The question of the construction and reconstruction of the Historical Culture (Jörn Rüsen) of the Brazilian northeastern can be made through the communicative, social and cultural memory of the “cangaço” by the cinema. The films that portray the “cangaço”, some more realistic than others, claim to represent the history, customs and traditions of the Northeastern. This is possible because the cinema can be an agent of history, being able to make a historical and social reading through the fi lms and also can be made cinematographic readings of the history (Marc Ferro). Knowing that movies are cultural products that convey representations, cut and organize the social experience, tell stories, times, places, emotions, perspectives and worldviews, these real or fictional representations, memory or history, help to fi x social memory of the past, representations are always subjugated to certain perspectives and worldviews, we conclude that the films bring visions of sociocultural relations, there are always ideological discourses or collective perspectives related to this fi delity, and that there is no absolute truth (Robert Stam).

scholarly journals What the Pokemon Go have study adolescents for?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
K.D. Khlomov ◽  
D.G. Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
Pokémon Go

The paper reports the results of the research on the adolescents – Pokemon Go players. The hypotheses towards the role of the games with virtual and augmented reality within the modern society presented in the scientific literature are discussed. The aim of this research was to check the link between personal characteristics, the social situation factors (e.g. family context), young men images about him or herself, and meaning and personal value of the game. The results of the structured interviews with 44 adolescents playing Pokemon Go on the street are given; the players’ representations towards themselves, their social environment, and the game are discovered. The conclusions about the meaning of the virtual, geographic, and social realities integration and social and family environment influence on the game involvement are made. The psychological mechanisms of the involvement into the game and the role of the social and family environment are discussed. In this article was made the conclusions about the role of virtual, geographic, social reality integration, social and family role, and psychological mechanism to be involved in the game. Subjective space transformation and the changes in everyday city landscape meanings conditioned by the game are discussed. The game allows the adolescents and youth to see the reality out of the everyday routine.

scholarly journals Social aspects of resources management through process of understanding the social representations

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 11035
Author(s):  
Yana Vinogradova ◽  
Svetlana Gurieva ◽  
Ludmila Pochebut ◽  
Vera Chiker
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Completion Test

The main use of our study is to highlight the concept of resource management through process of deep understanding the social representations in our society in different situation. The study traced the main differences in the concept and social representation of the phenomenon of betrayal in two age samples. Methodology: Projective methods are the main: semi-structured interviews, modification of the Sentence Completion Test. To obtain information on the actual attitude to the phenomenon we conduct the survey. The texts processed content analysis method. Selected differences in social perceptions in the studied groups of different ages reflect the boundaries of the concept. The analysis of structural components shows the dynamics of social representations. Emotional and rational styles of behaviour in a social situation, typical for a middle-age group, have been singled out. Behavioural styles differ in average values of “possibility of betray”. Applications of this study: the results of the research are applicable both in training courses on the psychology of communication and in educational programs on forming a metacognitive assessment of the social situation. The show features of the actual attitude toward to social representations and possibility to analyse the main aspects of resources management.

scholarly journals Marginalities of the Handwritten Qurans of Highland Dagestan as a Historical Source

2021 ◽  
pp. 371-384
Author(s):  
M. N. Osmanova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Local Languages ◽  
Made In ◽  
Textual Records

The article is devoted to the study of the content of extra-textual records — marginals — in the margins of handwritten Qurans, recorded by Dagestan oriental scholars at different times while working with written monuments in private and mosque book collections of highland Dagestan. It was established that most of the discovered marginals were made in Arabic, however, since the beginning of the 18th century, such records were often kept in local languages using Arabic script. It is shown that the Quran, due to its sacred functions, became a repository of the most important documents of various nature. It is reported that extra-textual recordings are extremely diverse in their content, they affect many aspects of the socio-political, spiritual, economic and cultural life of the region. The experience of studying marginals over the past several decades is summarized. The author of the article draws attention to the newest findings of the Qurans made by archaeographic expeditions in 2017—2019 in private book collections in the Shamil region of the Republic of Dagestan. It is emphasized that an analysis of their thematic composition and a scientific description of the manuscripts stored in them will give an idea of some aspects of the social, cultural and religious life of the peoples of Dagestan.

scholarly journals Social Structure in a Roma Settlement: Comparison over Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7311
Author(s):  
Michal Kozubik ◽  
Daniela Filakovska Bobakova ◽  
Rastislav Rosinsky ◽  
Martina Mojtova ◽  
Miroslav Tvrdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Helping Professions ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Historical Periods

The objective of the present study was to compare the social structure and internal establishment of a Roma community in two historical periods: in the 18th century and the present. We analysed Samuel Augustini ab Hortis’s work, “Von dem Heutigen Zustände, Sonderbaren Sitten und Lebensart, Wie Auch von Denen Übrigen Eigenschaften und Umständen der Zigeuner in Ungarn” (On the Contemporary Situation, Distinctive Manners and Way of Life, as Well as the Other Characteristics and Circumstances of Gypsies in Greater Hungary), written in 1775–1776. Using content analysis, we subsequently compared his findings with our recent data from analogous qualitative research in a geographically-defined area of north-eastern Slovakia, the same region in which Augustini lived. Data collection was intensely conducted in 2012–2013 and once more in 2017–2019. The qualitative methods included direct observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Four key informants and more than 70 participants collaborated in the study. The greatest difference we observed compared to the 18th century was the absence of a leader of the community, a “vajda”, whose status was taken over by a new social class of “entrepreneurs”. The most vulnerable group of the segregated and separated Roma communities are the “degesa”, the lowest social class. They face a phenomenon consisting of so-called triple marginalization: they live in one of the most underdeveloped regions of the country, they inhabit segregated settlements and they are excluded by their own ethnic group. The socioeconomic status of the richest classes has changed faces, while the socioeconomic status of the lowest has not. We found a misconception among helping professionals (e.g., social workers) regarding the homogeneity of the Roma community. This calls for more attention to the erroneous use of the ethnic-based approach in the helping professions.

scholarly journals Living conditions in orphanages of the Moldavian SSR in 1944–1947

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Dolghi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Post War ◽  
Overall Mortality

The daily life in the Moldavian SSR orphanages during the post–war years was determined by the living conditions, the sanitary and hygienic state of the institutions, the provision of food and clothing, and the activities in which the children were involved. In the present paper, on the basis of unpublished archival documents and published documents, we elucidate the living conditions and the attitude towards children in the orphanages of the Moldavian SSR in the post–war years. Following the worsening of the social situation in the immediate post–war period in the Moldavian SSR, the number of orphans and vagrants increased. The solution of the Soviet state for this serious social problem was to expand the network of orphanages. On September 1, 1947, 21,553 children were already taken care of in 124 orphanages, a number that exceeded the possibilities of accommodation and food. The institutionalization of children was one of the solutions accepted ideologically by the Soviet Power. However, the ideological ideals did not correspond to the serious social realities in orphanages, where children lived in unsanitary conditions, also demonstrated by the numerous diseases caused by unsanitary conditions and lack of hygiene in the institutions: typhus, itching, tuberculosis. Children also suffered from malnutrition and dystrophy. The overall mortality rate among children was high.

scholarly journals Townspeople and peasants in social structure Starodub regiment (1654–1781)

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Khrolenok
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania

The territory of the Starodub regiment is unique in historical terms. Being the center of the region of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, it was one of its lands able to gain a foothold in the Getman Ukraine. At the same time, Starodubshchina is now the only part of the Hetman region that is part of the Russian Federation. Thus, the region has incorporated traditions, culture and legal customs of all three states, on the border of which it is now located. Despite the considerable interest in the history of the Starodub regiment as a whole, the social history of ordinary rural and urban residents remains poorly understood. The aim of this work is an attempt to illuminate the social situation of the pospolits: townspeople and peasants of the Starodubsky regiment from the moment the Cossack administration was established in the region in 1654 until the population of the region was subordinated to general imperial Russian standards. And also to reveal the characteristic differences of this region. The article was created on the basis of the analysis of various, including little-studied documents stored in the archives of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, as well as the works of Russian and Ukrainian scientists. The process of establishing city self-government in Starodub and the formation in its midst of a unique elite – noble bourgeois is shown. Many representatives of this social group went through the process of evolution from urban dwellers to Cossack foreman and the subsequent Russian nobility over the indicated period. In addition, the social status of rural residents of the Starodub regiment is described. Which with the establishment of the Cossack administration received personal freedom, but by the end of the 18th century completely lost her. The examples of residents of specific settlements show the methods that the peasants resorted to trying to avoid dependence on large landowners, as well as the process of distinguishing between the pospolits and the Cossack class. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the characteristic differences in the social status of urban and rural residents of the Starodub regiment from other lands that were part of the Russian Empire. The totality of the facts revealed in this way reinforces the main thesis about the complexity and versatility of this Belarusian-Russian-Ukrainian region.

scholarly journals A history of abuse: Documenting the harms experienced by the “Trainspotting generation”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Weston ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Social Harm ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The story of the past 40 years has been the relentless hollowing-out of industrial Britain leading to long-term unemployment and discarded generations that have been excluded socially and economically (Pearson 1987a, 1987b, Buchanan and Young 2000). In an attempt to block out these harsh social and economic realities of their lives, the youth of the 80s and 90s turned to heroin (Buchanan and Wyke 1987). By adopting a social harm approach to the analysis of semi-structured interviews with twelve opiate users (OUs), I argue that the problems often associated with drug use – experiences of stigmatisation, unemployment, and physical and mental health – might be best understood as harms resulting from a reductionist discourse that misrepresents drugs and drug users as a threat to society and focuses treatment on reducing the risks that OUs pose rather than enhancing the social resources necessary for human flourishing. La historia de los últimos 40 años ha sido el incesante desmantelamiento de la Gran Bretaña industrial hacia el desempleo de larga duración y las generaciones descartadas que han sido excluidas social y económicamente (Pearson 1987a, 1987b, Buchanan y Young 2000). En un intento de bloquear estas duras realidades sociales y económicas de sus vidas, los jóvenes de los 80 y los 90 recurrieron a la heroína (Buchanan y Wyke 1987). A partir de un abordaje de daño social para el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas con doce usuarios de opiáceos, aduzco que los problemas comúnmente asociados al consumo de drogas –experiencias de estigmatización, desempleo, y salud física y mental– podrían entenderse mejor como daños resultantes de un discurso reduccionista que representa erróneamente las drogas y a sus consumidores como una amenaza a la sociedad, y enfoca el tratamiento como una reducción de los daños que suponen los consumidores de opiáceos en lugar de enfocarlo en los recursos sociales que se necesitan para la prosperidad humana.

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