Erratum: Wang, H., et al. The Relationship between Parental Perception of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy and Physical Violence by Parents against Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in a County of China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2306

Objectives: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors.Results: 9.8 percent of children in the US (ages 4‐17) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. In multivariate analysis, white race, male gender, increased geographic mobility, exposure to household smoke, exposure to > 2 hours/day TV, and maternal mental illness increased the odds of ADHD, while a two‐parent household reduced the odds. The highest level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with reduced risk of ADHD compared to lower levels of perceived collective efficacy (adjusted OR: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.650-0.946; p=.011). Perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were not associated with ADHD risk.Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002). Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95\% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level).Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.

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Effect of birth order on stereoacuity in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032833 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e032833

Author(s):

Shu Han ◽

Xiaohan Zhang ◽

Rui Li ◽

Haohai Tong ◽

Xiaoyan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Birth Order ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Complete Data ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between birth order and stereoacuity among Chinese children aged 60–72 months.DesignCross-sectional.Participants1342 children with complete data on the questionnaire, stereoacuity and refraction were included.ResultsThe mean stereoacuity was 53.2±1.7, 56.9±1.9 and 60.9±1.5 s of arc in the first-born group, second-born group and third-born group, respectively. Lower birth order was significantly correlated with better stereoacuity (p=0.036). Third-borns (OR=3.02, p=0.027) were at higher risk of having subnormal stereoacuity compared with first-borns in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionLater-borns had poorer stereoacuity than first-borns.

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Does Knowledge Affect the Attitude of Fertile Aged Women in Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Examination? A cross-sectional study

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v9i2.1297 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 82-89

Author(s):

Christy Hanudji ◽

Eddy Suparman ◽

Joice M. M. Sondakh

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Center ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To find out the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of fertile aged women with IVA examination behaviour at Bitung Barat Public Health Center in Bitung City.Method: This was a cross-sectional study. Samples of 145 fertile aged women in area Bitung Barat Public Health Center Bitung city.Results: Of the 145 respondents, the highest group had sufficient and good knowledge. The highest percentage is respondents who have sufficient knowledge with a percentage of 44.14%. The attitude towards the IVA examination was assessed as good as 122 people (84.14%). The number of respondents who did not do an IVA examination is 94 people (64.83%) more than respondents who did not do an IVA examination that is 51 people (35.17%). Based on the results of statistical tests it is known that the significance value of p = 0.000. The attitude of women of childbearing age is good then the behaviour of IVA examination is also good with the results of statistical tests known that the significance value p = 0.001.Conclusions: Respondents with good IVA examination behaviour have good knowledge and attitude.Keywords: attitude, behaviour, IVA examination, knowledge. Abstrak Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap perempuan usia subur dengan perilaku pemeriksaan IVA di Puskesmas Bitung Barat Kota Bitung.Metode: Metode penelitian berupa analitik observasional dengan rencangan potong lintang. Sampel sebesar 145 perempuan usia subur di wilayah Puskemas Bitung Barat Kota Bitung.Hasil: Dari 145 responden, kelompok tertinggi memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup dan baik. Persentase tertinggi yaitu responden yang memiliki pengetahuan cukup dengan persentase 44,14%. Sikap terhadap pemeriksaan IVA dinilai baik yaitu sebanyak 122 orang (84,14%). Jumlah responden yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan IVA yaitu 94 orang (64,83%) lebih banyak dari responden yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan IVA yaitu 51 orang(35,17%). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi p= 0,000. Sikap perempuan usia subur yang baik maka perilaku pemeriksaan IVA juga baik dengan hasil uji statistik diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi p= 0,001.Kesimpulan: Responden dangan perilaku pemeriksaan IVA yang baik memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik.Kata kunci: pengetahuan, pemeriksaan IVA, perilaku, sikap..

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Intensitas penggunaan gadget dan obesitas anak prasekolah di Kota Yogyakarta

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.26869 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 603

Author(s):

Fajar Sri Tanjung ◽

Emy Huriyati ◽

Djauhar Ismail

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

High Intensity ◽

Social Economy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Day School ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Full Day

Intensity of gadget use among overweighed preschool children in YogyakartaPurposeThe purpose of this paper was to determine the relationship of the gadgets uses intensity among obesity preschool children in Yogyakarta.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted involving all preschool children in playgroup and kindergarten in Yogyakarta who did not attend the full day school program.ResultsPreschool children with high-intensity use of gadgets are 1.3 times more likely to be obese (p= 0.028, RP = 1.25). Preschool children with high-intensity use of gadgets, high education father, high sedentary behavior, adequate social economy, and poor diet are 2.1 times more likely to be obese.ConclusionThe incidence of obesity in preschool children is more common among children with high-intensity use of gadgets.

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The Relationship between Parental Perception of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy and Physical Violence by Parents against Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in a County of China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16132306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 2306 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wang ◽

Chen ◽

Lyu

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Collective Efficacy ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Parental Perception ◽

Positive Role ◽

The Past ◽

Neighborhood Collective Efficacy

Children exposed to negative neighborhood environments are at high risk of experiencing violence. This study aimed to explore the effects of parental perception of neighborhood collective efficacy on parental physical violence (PV) to their preschool children in a county of China. A total of 1337 parents from nine kindergartens were recruited by the stratified random cluster sampling method. Data about parental PV behavior toward children during the past three months, parental perception of neighborhood collective efficacy, together with their attitudes towards the use of corporal punishment to discipline children, and demographic characteristics were collected. Their relationships were investigated by applying multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 67.5% of the parents reported at least one form of PV during the past three months. The rates of minor PV (MPV) and severe PV (SPV) were 67% and 22.8%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that only social cohesion was associated with lower odds of parental PV and MPV behavior after controlling for covariates. The results suggest that neighborhood collective efficacy is associated with parental PV behavior against their children to some extent, but the effects differ according to the severity level of PV. Neighborhood social cohesion may have a positive role in reducing parental PV behavior in the county surveyed at present study.

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Relationship between Food Dependence and Nicotine Dependence in Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Staff and Students at Medical Colleges

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55050202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Owari ◽

Miyatake ◽

Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Expenses ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Smoking Group ◽

The Relationship ◽

Medical Colleges

Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nicotine dependence and food dependence in smokers. Smoking and obesity are both serious public health problems that give rise to diseases and increased medical expenses. Nicotine dependence is one of the sources of difficulty in smoking cessation, while food dependence is one of the causes of obesity. Materials and Methods: We examined the data of 72 (smoking vs. nonsmoking) and 62 (nicotine dependence vs. no nicotine dependence) subjects among 321 staff and students at medical colleges in Kagawa and Okayama prefectures in Japan. Results: There was a significant difference in food dependence (except women) between the smoking and nonsmoking groups (total: smoking 4.7 ± 6.1, nonsmoking 2.1 ± 2.0, p = 0.0411; men: smoking 4.0 ± 4.7, nonsmoking 2.0 ± 2.1, p = 0.0490). There was also a significant difference in food dependence (except women) between the nicotine dependence and no nicotine dependence groups (total: nicotine dependence 4.6 ± 6.3, no nicotine dependence 2.0 ± 2.1, p = 0.0370; men: nicotine dependence 3.6 ± 4.8, no nicotine dependence 1.6 ± 1.8, p = 0.0489). Conclusion: The findings showed that the smoking group (and nicotine dependence group) had higher food dependence than the nonsmoking group (and no nicotine dependence group). Our results indicate an interdependence between nicotine and food dependences.

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