scholarly journals PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Sources and Health Risk during Non-Heating and Heating Periods (Tangshan, China)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Fang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hao Zeng ◽  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
Ze Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Median Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may lead to adverse health risks. To understand the potential sources and carcinogenic risks of PAHs in Tangshan, 40 PM2.5 samples were collected for analysis of eighteen PM2.5-bound PAHs during non-heating period and heating period. The results display a significant variation. The median concentration of ∑18PAHs during the heating period (282 ng/m3) was higher than during the non-heating period (185 ng/m3). Especially, the median concentration of Benzopyrene (BaP) during the heating period (61.6 ng/m3) was 16.9-fold that during the non-heating period (3.64 ng/m3). It exceeded BaP annual average limit of China (1 ng/m3). Diagnostic ratios (DRs) and principal component analysis (PCA) both indicated that vehicle emissions and coal and biomass combustion were the dominant contributors of PAHs pollution in Tangshan. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of three age groups (children, teenagers, and adults) ranged from 2.56 × 10−6 to 5.26 × 10−5 during the entire sampling periods. The 95% risk values of adults exceeded 10−4 during the heating periods, indicating a potential health risk from PAHs.

scholarly journals One-Century Sedimentary Record, Sources, And Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dianchi Lake, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Ma ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Changchun Huang ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Shuaidong Li
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Dianchi Lake ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Sediment Pore Water ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract In this study, the sedimentary records, sources, and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Dianchi Lake were analyzed. The concentration ranges of ΣPAH16 in the sediments of Dianchi Lake were 368–990 ng/g, with an average value of 572 ng/g, peaking in 1988. Economic development and rapid population growth, as well as the rapid growth of coal consumption, have a greater impact on the HMW PAHs than on the LMW PAHs in the sedimentary environment. The results of the diagnostic ratios and PCA model show that the main sources of PAHs were coal and biomass combustion, as well as fossil fuel combustion sources in individual years. The risk assessment results showed that the PAH concentrations in the sediment were within a safe range. In the past 100 years of sediment pore water, except for Phe, which reached chronic toxic pollution levels in some years, other 2-3 ring LMW PAHs have been within a safe range. With the development of industrialization and urbanization, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum has increased, and some of the 4-6 ring HMW PAHs have reached chronic toxicity or even acute toxicity in the sediment pore water.

scholarly journals The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cereal Products: with the Chemometric Approch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Khalili ◽  
Nabi Shariatifar ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Dehghani ◽  
Kamyar Yaghmaeian ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract The analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cereal products were done by using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS). The level of sum sixteen PAHs in cereal products ranged from 98.2 (in Barbari bread) to 248.3 µg/kg (in rice cooked). Further, the correlation between the type and amount of 16 PAHs with cereal products samples evaluated with multivariate principal component analysis and heat map visualization. Estimation of incremental lifetime cancer risk in cereals ranged from 7.80E-6 to 2.35E-7. In conclusion, the PAHs content in the tested products were in low health risk ranges (1 × 10 − 6 < ILCR < 1 × 10 − 4), and all of the cereal products sold in Tehran are considered safe for consumers. Therefore, cereal products should be regularly evaluated and monitored by regulatory agencies to reduce contaminants in these high-consumption products.

scholarly journals The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some foods from industrialized areas in South Eastern Nigeria: human health risk impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Uchechi Bliss Onyedikachi ◽  
Chuka Donatus Belonwu ◽  
Mattew Owhonda Wegwu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract This study investigated the potential health risk due to dietary exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the populace living around selected industrial areas in the south eastern states of Nigeria. The concentrations of PAHs were measured in edible food crops using Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). The mean concentration of PAHs in food crops collected ranged from < 0.01 to 2.64 ± 0.02, 5.27 ± 0.04, 0.96 ± 0.02, 8.94 ± 0.01 and 1.95 ± 0.06 in mg/kg for Osisioma, Ishiagu, Irete, Akwuuru, and Ngwo respectively. PAHs distributions in food samples analyzed in this study showed vegetables to be significant higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the order vegetables > fruits > nuts > tubers. Total PAHs (ΣPAHs) concentrations in most crop samples had highest values 14.49, 36.29, 4.59, 23.36 and 21.8 mg/kg for Chyrysophyllum albidum, Telferia occidentalis, Vernonia amygdalina, Talinum triangulare and Elaies guinnensis for Osisioma, Akwuuru, Irete, Ishiagu and Ngwo respectively. The low molecular weight-PAHS/high molecular weight-PAHS were < 1 with values 0.76, 0.18, 0.28, 0.91 and 0.12 for Osisioma, Irete, Akwuuru, Ishiagu and Ngwo respectively. 58.3% and 71.7% of ΣB(a)P and ΣPAHs in food samples in the study areas exceeded the permissible limits set by DPR and EU. The estimated daily intake of PAHs via the ingestion of food crops were within the tolerable range. The carcinogenic risk values for the food crops were within the predicted permissible lifetime risks of carcinogen (10−6-10−4) for adults and children in Osisioma, Akwuuru, Ishiagu and Enugu respectively. Therefore, this study suggests that the populace around industrialized areas in South Eastern Nigeria, may be at risk due to PAHs exposure through food consumption.

scholarly journals Spatial variations, origins, and risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in French soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Froger ◽  
Nicolas P. A. Saby ◽  
Claudy C. Jolivet ◽  
Line Boulonne ◽  
Giovanni Caria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities that contaminate all environmental spheres, including soils. This study focused on PAHs measured in 2154 soils in France, covering the entire territory based on a regular sampling grid. The quantified concentrations in the Σ15PAHs ranged from 5.1 to 31200 µg · kg−1, with a median value of 32.6 µg · kg−1, and PAHs were detected in 70 % of the soil samples. The map of Σ15PAHs concentrations revealed strong spatial variations in soil contamination throughout France, with larger concentrations in soils of industrial regions and near major cities. PAHs molecular diagnostic ratios supports the historical origin of PAHs in the northern part of France being linked to the significant emissions of PAHs in Europe during the industrial period of 1850–1950 with in particular the contribution of coal/biomass combustion and iron-steel production. A health risk assessment conducted for the residential population resulted in a median value of 1.07 × 10−8 in total lifetime cancer risk, with only 20 sites above the limit of 10−6 and one above the limit of 10−5 adopted by the French government. These results reveal the need to conduct large-scale studies on soil contamination to determine the fate of PAHs and evaluate the risks induced by soil pollution at a country-level scale.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Yellow River-Dominated Margin

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Ding ◽  
Yunping Xu ◽  
Yinghui Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for surface sediments and a sediment core from the Yellow River-dominated margin. The concentration of 16 USEPA priority PAHs in surface sediments ranged from 5.6 to 175.4 ng g−1dry weight sediment (dws) with a mean of 49.1 ng g−1 dws. From 1930 to 2011, the distribution of PAHs (37.2 to 210.6 ng g−1 dws) was consistent with the socioeconomic development of China. The PAHs’ concentration peaked in 1964 and 1986, corresponding to the rapid economic growth in China (1958–1965) and the initiation of the “Reform and Open” policy in 1978, respectively. The applications of molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggest that PAHs are predominantly produced by the coal and biomass combustion, whereas the contribution of petroleum combustions slightly increased after the 1970s, synchronous with an increasing usage of oil and gas in China.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-PAHs in Xinxiang, China in 2015 and 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3017
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Wanli Xing ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected in the summer and winter of 2015 and 2017 in Xinxiang, China. Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) in PM2.5 were detected via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The PAHs concentration in summer and winter decreased from 6.37 ± 1.30 ng/m3 and 96.9 ± 69.9 ng/m3 to 4.89 ± 2.67 ng/m3 and 49.8 ± 43.4 ng/m3 from 2015 to 2017. NPAHs decreased in winter (from 1707 ± 708 pg/m3 to 1192 ± 1113 pg/m3), but increased in summer from 2015 (336 ± 77.2 pg/m3) to 2017 (456 ± 312 pg/m3). Diagnostic ratios of PAHs indicated that petroleum combustion was the main emission source in summer, and pollutants originating from the combustion of petroleum, coal and biomass dominated in winter. The 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFR)/2-nitropyrene (2-NP) ratio in this study demonstrated that the OH radical pathway was the main pathway for the formation of 2-NP and 2-NFR. The mean total benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations (BaPeq) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values decreased from 2013 to 2017. The high value of total BaPeq in the winter of 2017 in Xinxiang revealed that a high-risk of cancer remained for residents. The results of this study demonstrate that the decreases in PAHs and NPAHS concentrations from 2015 to 2017. Combined with reducing gaseous pollutants concentration, the reduction in this study might be attributable to emissions reductions by implementing the air pollution control regulations in Xinxiang city in 2016.

scholarly journals Spatial variations, origins, and risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in French soils

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Claire Froger ◽  
Nicolas P. A. Saby ◽  
Claudy C. Jolivet ◽  
Line Boulonne ◽  
Giovanni Caria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities that contaminate all environmental spheres, including soils. This study focused on PAHs measured in 2154 soils in France, covering the entire territory based on a regular sampling grid. The quantified concentrations in the Σ15 PAHs ranged from 5.1 to 31 200 µg kg−1, with a median value of 32.6 µg kg−1, and PAHs were detected in 70 % of the soil samples. The map of Σ15 PAH concentrations revealed strong spatial variations in soil contamination throughout France, with larger concentrations in soils of industrial regions and near major cities. PAH molecular diagnostic ratios support the historical origin of PAHs in the northern part of France being linked to the significant emissions of PAHs in Europe during the industrial period of 1850–1950, in particular with the contribution of coal and/or biomass combustion and iron–steel production. A health risk assessment conducted for the residential population resulted in a median value of 1.07 × 10−8 in total lifetime cancer risk, with only 20 sites above the limit of 10−6 and one above the limit of 10−5 adopted by the French government. These results reveal the need to conduct large-scale studies on soil contamination to determine the fate of PAHs and evaluate the risks induced by soil pollution at a country-level scale.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Costal Sediments and Indian Halibuts of Asaluyeh, Kangan, Khark, Emam Hasan and Bushehr Coasts, Iran: Distribution Pattern and Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghafour Nourian ◽  
Neamat Haghighi ◽  
Tayebeh Tabatabaei ◽  
Esmaeil Kohgardi ◽  
Abdul Pazira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Excess Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract A total 20 sediment and 20 Indian halibut samples were sampled from Asaluyeh, Kangan, Khark, Emam Hasan and Bushehr coast, Bushehr province, Iran for studying distribution and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs were analyzed using HPLC. The mean ƩPAHs concentrations in sediment and Indian halibut samples were 6.894 ± 1.4301 and 14.807 ± 7.486 mg/kg, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship (P < 0.05) between ƩPAHs, 2–3 ring compounds, and 4 ring compounds in the sediments and Indian halibut samples. ƩPAHs concentration in sediments and Indian halibuts was higher in Asaluyeh area followed by Khark area. The values of PAHs pollution in the Bushehr province coastline were low to very high. The toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ), excess cancer risk (ECR), and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were applied for health risk assessment. Based on TEQ calculation, DA was a good marker in assessing PAHs related to health risk. DDI values for ∑PAHs and ∑CPAHs (carcinogenic PAHs) were also highest in Asaluyeh and Kangan, respectively. ILCR values for sediments in 10% of all stations and cumulative ECR values for Indian halibuts in all studied areas exceeded the USEPA acceptable level thus suggesting a potential cancer risk. Thus, regular monitoring of PAHs pollutants in the coastlines of Bushehr province is recommended.

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