scholarly journals Characteristics and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-PAHs in Xinxiang, China in 2015 and 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3017
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Wanli Xing ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected in the summer and winter of 2015 and 2017 in Xinxiang, China. Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) in PM2.5 were detected via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The PAHs concentration in summer and winter decreased from 6.37 ± 1.30 ng/m3 and 96.9 ± 69.9 ng/m3 to 4.89 ± 2.67 ng/m3 and 49.8 ± 43.4 ng/m3 from 2015 to 2017. NPAHs decreased in winter (from 1707 ± 708 pg/m3 to 1192 ± 1113 pg/m3), but increased in summer from 2015 (336 ± 77.2 pg/m3) to 2017 (456 ± 312 pg/m3). Diagnostic ratios of PAHs indicated that petroleum combustion was the main emission source in summer, and pollutants originating from the combustion of petroleum, coal and biomass dominated in winter. The 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFR)/2-nitropyrene (2-NP) ratio in this study demonstrated that the OH radical pathway was the main pathway for the formation of 2-NP and 2-NFR. The mean total benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations (BaPeq) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values decreased from 2013 to 2017. The high value of total BaPeq in the winter of 2017 in Xinxiang revealed that a high-risk of cancer remained for residents. The results of this study demonstrate that the decreases in PAHs and NPAHS concentrations from 2015 to 2017. Combined with reducing gaseous pollutants concentration, the reduction in this study might be attributable to emissions reductions by implementing the air pollution control regulations in Xinxiang city in 2016.

scholarly journals Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from an Asphalt Mix Plant in a Suburban Residential Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4632
Author(s):  
Myoungki Song ◽  
Kwonho Lee ◽  
Sea-Ho Oh ◽  
Min-Suk Bae
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), an important class of hazardous airborne pollutants, are mutagenic and carcinogenic substances known to be released during the paving of asphalt. In this study, PAHs emitted from an asphalt mix plant were analyzed to investigate the effects on a suburban residential area. Black carbon, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and PAHs in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were analyzed in a village near the asphalt mix plant. The results of wind direction analysis revealed that the village was meteorologically affected by emissions from the asphalt mix plant. PAHs in PM2.5 ranged from 0.51 to 60.73 ng/m3, with an average of 11.54 ng/m3. Seasonal PAHs were highest in winter, followed in order by spring, autumn, and summer. The diagnostic ratios between PAHs indicate that the source of PAHs could be incomplete combustion of petrogenic origin. The maximum black carbon concentration in the intensive periods reaches up to 14.17 μg/m3 during mix plant operation periods. Seasonal ∑BaPTEF values based on Toxic Equivalence Factor were: winter (2.284 ng/m3), spring (0.575 ng/m3), autumn (0.550 ng/m3), and summer (0.176 ng/m3). The values are about 6.5 times higher than the concentration in another background area and more than three times higher than those in the capital city, Seoul, in the Republic of Korea. In conclusion, primary emissions from the point source can be considered the major contributor to pollution in the residential area.

scholarly journals GAS–PARTICLE PARTITIONING OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - PAHs IN AMBIENT AIR IN HOCHIMINH CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4C) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nguyen Doan Thien Chi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration

This research conducted an analysis of 14 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in gas and particle-phase in ambient air in Hochiminh City to investigate their occurence and the gas/particle distribution. Gas and particle samples were collected from June to August 2015 in Hochiminh City and PAHs were treated and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD). Results showed that average concentration of 14 PAHs were from 6.4 to 29.8 ng/m3 and from 50.7 to 133 ng/m3 in particle-phase and in gas-phase, respectively. The concentration of PAHs in the gas-phase accounted for more than 80% of total PAHs concentration in which low molecular weight PAHs as the dominant PAHs. Meanwhile, high molecular weight PAHs distributed mainly in particle-phase. The particle-phase fraction Φ was obtained to understand the partitioning.

Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contaminations in Sediments of Love River Mouth, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Cheng Di Dong ◽  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Yi Kuo Chang ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration

The surface samples were collected from the Love River mouth, Taiwan and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAHs concentrations varied from 785 to 1,893 ng/g dw. The spatial distribution of PAHs reveals that the PAHs concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. Diagnostic ratios showed that the possible source of PAHs in the Love River mouth could be petroleum combustion. The toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQcarc) of PAHs varied from 117 to 272 ng TEQ/g dw. Higher total TEQcarc values were found in the river mouth region. As compared with the US Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the observed levels of PAHs at Love River mouth were lower than the effects range low (ERL), and would probably not exert adverse biological effects.

scholarly journals Potential Risks of PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from Inland and Marine Directions for a Marine Background Site in North China

Toxics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Qianqian Xue ◽  
Yingze Tian ◽  
Xinyi Liu ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
North China ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Ambient PM2.5-bound ions, OC, EC, heavy metals (HMs), 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 7 hopanes, and 29 n-alkanes were detected at Tuoji Island (TI), the only marine background atmospheric monitoring station in North China. The annual PM2.5 average concentration was 47 ± 31 μg m−3, and the average concentrations of the compositions in PM2.5 were higher in cold seasons than in warm seasons. The cancer and non-cancer risks of HMs and PAHs in cold seasons were also higher than in warm seasons. BaP, Ni, and As dominated the ∑HQ (hazard quotient) in cold seasons, while the non-carcinogenic risk in warm seasons was mainly dominated by Ni, Mn, and As. The ILCR (incremental lifetime cancer risk) values associated with Cr and As were higher in the cold season, while ILCR-Ni values were higher in the warm season. The backward trajectory was calculated to identify the potential directions of air mass at TI. Through the diagnostic ratios of organic and inorganic tracers, the sources of particulate matter in different directions were judged. It was found that ship emissions and sea salt were the main sources from marine directions, while coal combustion, vehicles emissions, industrial process, and secondary aerosols were the main source categories for inland directions. In addition, potential HM and PAH risks from inland and marine directions were explored. The non-cancerous effects of TI were mainly affected by inland transport, especially from the southeast, northwest, and west-northwest. The cancerous effects of TI were mainly simultaneously affected by the inland direction and marine direction of transport.

scholarly journals PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Sources and Health Risk during Non-Heating and Heating Periods (Tangshan, China)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Fang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hao Zeng ◽  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
Ze Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Median Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may lead to adverse health risks. To understand the potential sources and carcinogenic risks of PAHs in Tangshan, 40 PM2.5 samples were collected for analysis of eighteen PM2.5-bound PAHs during non-heating period and heating period. The results display a significant variation. The median concentration of ∑18PAHs during the heating period (282 ng/m3) was higher than during the non-heating period (185 ng/m3). Especially, the median concentration of Benzopyrene (BaP) during the heating period (61.6 ng/m3) was 16.9-fold that during the non-heating period (3.64 ng/m3). It exceeded BaP annual average limit of China (1 ng/m3). Diagnostic ratios (DRs) and principal component analysis (PCA) both indicated that vehicle emissions and coal and biomass combustion were the dominant contributors of PAHs pollution in Tangshan. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of three age groups (children, teenagers, and adults) ranged from 2.56 × 10−6 to 5.26 × 10−5 during the entire sampling periods. The 95% risk values of adults exceeded 10−4 during the heating periods, indicating a potential health risk from PAHs.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND SOURCES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN AQUATIC SEDIMENT FROM CAN GIO COASTAL WETLAND, HOCHIMINH CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4B) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Thanh Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Spatial Trend ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Aquatic Sediment ◽  
Total Concentrations

The distribution of fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicated from USEPA as priority pollutants was studied in surface sediments (0 - 20 cm) of coastal wetland area of Can Gio district, Hochiminh City. PAHs were recovered from the sediments by solvent extraction and then analyzed by means of high performance liquid chromatography system. Total concentrations of the ∑PAHs in the range 5 – 38 ng/g dw were detected, and a distinct spatial trend was observed. The contents of Nap, Ace, Flu, Phe and dBA were below detection limit. Diagnostic ratios such as benzo[a]anthracene/chrysene and fluoranthene/pyrene were achieved to evaluate the emission sources of PAHs. These ratios indicated an anthopogenic source (pyrolysis) of PAHs for sediments. Furthermore PAHs were associated mainly with fine particle sediments. Although the PAHs contents were below Vietnamese standard but potential risk to ecosystem needs further study since the high percentages of carcinogenic PAHs.

Distribution and Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments of Jen-Gen River Mouth, Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 992-995
Author(s):  
Chih Feng Chen ◽  
Chiu Wen Chen ◽  
Cheng Di Dong
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Mouth Region ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration

Surface samples were collected from the Jen-Gen River mouth, Taiwan and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAHs concentrations varied from 283 to 1,277 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 671 ng/g. The spatial distribution of PAHs reveals that the PAHs concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. Diagnostic ratios showed that the possible source of PAHs in the Jen-Gen River mouth could be petroleum combustion. The toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQcarc) of PAHs varied from 43 to 169 ng TEQ/g. Higher total TEQcarc values were found in the river mouth region. As compared with the US Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the observed levels of PAHs at Jen-Gen River mouth were lower than the effects range low (ERL), and would probably not exert adverse biological effects.

scholarly journals Reduction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sesame Oil Using Cellulosic Aerogel

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Do-Yeong Kim ◽  
Boram Kim ◽  
Han-Seung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
And Control

The effect of cellulosic aerogel treatments used for adsorption of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)—benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene [BaP])—generated during the manufacture of sesame oil was evaluated. In this study, eulalia (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens)-based cellulosic aerogel (adsorbent) was prepared and used high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for determination of PAHs in sesame oil. In addition, changes in the sesame oil quality parameters (acid value, peroxide value, color, and fatty acid composition) following cellulosic aerogel treatment were also evaluated. The four PAHs and their total levels decreased in sesame oil samples roasted under different conditions (p < 0.05) following treatment with cellulosic aerogel. In particular, highly carcinogenic BaP was not detected after treatment with cellulosic aerogel. Moreover, there were no noticeable quality changes in the quality parameters between treated and control samples. It was concluded that eulalia-based cellulosic aerogel proved suitable for the reduction of PAHs from sesame oil and can be used as an eco-friendly adsorbent.

scholarly journals Grill Workers Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Levels and Excretion Profiles of the Urinary Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Marta Oliveira ◽  
Sílvia Capelas ◽  
Cristina Delerue-Matos ◽  
Simone Morais
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Grilling activities release large amounts of hazardous pollutants, but information on restaurant grill workers’ exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is almost inexistent. This study assessed the impact of grilling emissions on total workers’ exposure to PAHs by evaluating the concentrations of six urinary biomarkers of exposure (OHPAHs): naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene. Individual levels and excretion profiles of urinary OHPAHs were determined during working and nonworking periods. Urinary OHPAHs were quantified by high-performance liquid-chromatography with fluorescence detection. Levels of total OHPAHs (∑OHPAHs) were significantly increased (about nine times; p ≤ 0.001) during working comparatively with nonworking days. Urinary 1-hydroxynaphthalene + 1-hydroxyacenapthene and 2-hydroxyfluorene presented the highest increments (ca. 23- and 6-fold increase, respectively), followed by 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (ca. 2.3 times) and 1-hydroxypyrene (ca. 1.8 times). Additionally, 1-hydroxypyrene levels were higher than the benchmark, 0.5 µmol/mol creatinine, in 5% of exposed workers. Moreover, 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, biomarker of exposure to carcinogenic PAHs, was detected in 13% of exposed workers. Individual excretion profiles showed a cumulative increase in ∑OHPAHs during consecutive working days. A principal component analysis model partially discriminated workers’ exposure during working and nonworking periods showing the impact of grilling activities. Urinary OHPAHs were increased in grill workers during working days.

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