scholarly journals Passive Drag in Young Swimmers: Effects of Body Composition, Morphology and Gliding Position

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cortesi ◽  
Giorgio Gatta ◽  
Giovanni Michielon ◽  
Rocco Di Michele ◽  
Sandro Bartolomei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Relative Contribution

The passive drag (Dp) during swimming is affected by the swimmer’s morphology, body density and body position. We evaluated the relative contribution of morphology, body composition, and body position adjustments in the prediction of a swimmer’s Dp. This observational study examined a sample of 60 competitive swimmers (31 male and 29 female) with a mean (±SD) age of 15.4 ± 3.1 years. The swimmer’s Dp was measured using an electro-mechanical towing device and the body composition was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Body lengths and circumferences were measured in both the standing position and the simulated streamlined position. Partial correlation analysis with age as a control variable showed that Dp was largely correlated (p < 0.05) with body mass, biacromial- and bi-iliac-breadth, streamline chest circumference and breadth. Body mass, Body Mass Index, chest circumference and streamline chest circumference showed a significant and moderate to strong effect (η2 > 0.55) on Dp. Body mass was the best predictor of Dp explaining 69% of the variability. These results indicate that swimmers with lower Dp values were: (i) slimmer, with lower fat and fat-free mass, (ii) thinner, with lower shoulder breadth, chest circumference, and streamline trunk diameters (iii), shorter, with lower streamline height. These findings can be used for talent identification in swimming, with particular reference to the gliding performance.

scholarly journals Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis—An Easy Tool for Quantifying Body Composition in Infancy?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Jaz Lyons-Reid ◽  
Leigh C. Ward ◽  
Timothy Kenealy ◽  
Wayne Cutfield
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Assess Body Composition

There has been increasing interest in understanding body composition in early life and factors that may influence its evolution. While several technologies exist to measure body composition in infancy, the equipment is typically large, and thus not readily portable, is expensive, and requires a qualified operator. Bioelectrical impedance analysis shows promise as an inexpensive, portable, and easy to use tool. Despite the technique being widely used to assess body composition for over 35 years, it has been seldom used in infancy. This may be related to the evolving nature of the fat-free mass compartment during this period. Nonetheless, a number of factors have been identified that may influence bioelectrical impedance measurements, which, when controlled for, may result in more accurate measurements. Despite this, questions remain in infants regarding the optimal size and placement of electrodes, the standardization of normal hydration, and the influence of body position on the distribution of water throughout the body. The technology requires further evaluation before being considered as a suitable tool to assess body composition in infancy.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fields ◽  
Justin Merrigan ◽  
Jason White ◽  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Within Subjects

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

Association Between Body Composition with Pulmonary Function Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Pouragha ◽  
Hosein Kazemi ◽  
Gholamreza Pouryaghoub ◽  
Ramin Mehrdad
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Why is bodyweight not a predictor of lung function, however, height, sex, race, and age are predictors of lung capacity and function. In this study, we want to investigate the association between body composition and pulmonary function. And as much as possible, answer the question of why bodyweight is not predictive of lung function.Method: This cross-sectional study was performed among 2967 employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) who participated in the TUMS Employees Cohort (TEC) study. The body composition of the participants was measured using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Anthropometric variables were also measured as a confounder. The pulmonary function of participants was assessed by a forced spirometry test.Results: The correlation of BIA values including fat-free mass and total body water with a pulmonary function such as FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 is higher than most anthropometric values such as weight, wrist circumference, and the waist to hip ratio. Also, in regression analysis, age and sex had an association with pulmonary function, but the weight did not show a significant relationship. On the other hand, fat-free mass and visceral fat were significantly associated with pulmonary function. One is direct and the other is inverse.Conclusion: The hypothesis that the results of this study created in the minds of the authors were that; The direct association of fat-free mass with pulmonary function may be ineffective by the inverse association of visceral fat with pulmonary function, leading to a lack of association between weight and pulmonary function.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Selected Body Composition Components and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Parameters in Nurses: An Observational Simulation Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Paweł Więch ◽  
Marek Muster ◽  
Łukasz Godek ◽  
Izabela Sałacińska ◽  
Edyta Guty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

The provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be related to the physical parameters of the medical personnel, including fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) components. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between selected body composition components and chest compression and ventilation parameters provided by medical staff. An observational simulation study was undertaken between December 2017 and January 2019 at the Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences of Rzeszów. In all participants (505 nurses, 37.71 y ± 12.16), the body weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The body composition indicators were obtained using a bioelectrical impedance device, AKERN BIA 101. Afterwards, all participants performed CPR sequences (30 chest compressions and rescue for 2 breaths) for 2 min on a Laerdal Resusci Anne simulator placed on an examination couch with a self-inflating bag and a face mask. Our observations proved that high values of the anthropometric, nutritional and body composition parameters of the medical staff demonstrated a positive significant correlation with the depth and rate chest parameters and were inversely related to the chest adequate recoil. No statistically significant differences were found between the FM or FFM components and ventilation parameters. This study showed that nutritional status and body composition components may be important factors affecting the quality of CPR.

scholarly journals Body composition among long distance runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Joana Rosado ◽  
João P. Duarte ◽  
Paulo Sousa-e-Silva ◽  
Daniela C. Costa ◽  
Diogo V. Martinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the body composition of adult male ultra-trail runners (UTR) according to their level of participation (regional UTR-R, vs. national UTR-N). METHODS The sample was composed of 44 adult male UTR (aged 36.5±7.2 years; UTR-R: n=25; UTR-N: n=19). Body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. A comparison between the groups was performed using independent samples t-test. RESULTS Significant differences between groups contrasting in the competitive level were found for chronological age (in years; UTR-R: 38.8±8.2 vs. UTR-N: 33.5±4.1); body density (in L.kg-1; UTR-R: 1.062±0.015 vs. UTR-N: 1.074±0.009); and fat mass (in kg; UTR-R: 12.7±6.8 vs. UTR-N: 7.6±2.7). CONCLUSION UTR-N were younger, presented higher values for body density, and had less fat mass, although no significant differences were found for fat-free mass. The current study evidenced the profile of long-distance runners and the need for weight management programs to regulate body composition.

scholarly journals Training and Body Composition during Preparation for a 48-Hour Ultra-Marathon Race: A Case Study of a Master Athlete

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Celina Knechtle ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Rodrigo Vancini ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Master Athlete ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Ultra Endurance

Although the acute effects of ultra-endurance exercise on body composition have been well studied, limited information exists about the chronic adaptations of body composition to ultra-endurance training. The aim of the present study was to examine the day-by-day variation of training and body composition of a master athlete during the preparation for a 48-hour ultra-marathon race. For all training sessions (n = 73) before the race, the running distance, duration, and pace were recorded, and body mass, body fat (BF), body water (%), visceral fat, fat-free mass (FFM), four circumferences (i.e., waist, upper arm, thigh and calf), and eight skinfolds (i.e., chest, mid-axilla, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, iliac crest, thigh and calf) were measured accordingly in a 53-year-old experienced ultra-endurance athlete (body mass 80.1 kg, body height 177 cm, body mass index 25.6 kg·m−2). The main findings of the present study were that (a) the training plan of the ultra-endurance master athlete followed a periodization pattern with regard to exercise intensity and training volume, which increased over time, (b) the body mass, BF, and FFM decreased largely during the first 30 training sessions, and (c) the circumferences and skinfolds reflected the respective decrease in BF. The findings of this case study provided useful information about the variation of training and body composition during the preparation for an ultra-marathon race in a male master ultra-marathoner. The preparation for an ultra-endurance race seems to induce pronounced changes in body mass and body composition.

scholarly journals An Increase in Fat Mass Index Predicts a Deterioration of Running Speed

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Genton ◽  
Julie Mareschal ◽  
Véronique L. Karsegard ◽  
Najate Achamrah ◽  
Marta Delsoglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Running Performance

A low fat mass is associated with a good running performance. This study explores whether modifications in body composition predicted changes in running speed. We included people who underwent several measurements of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis between 1999 and 2016, at the “Course de l’Escalade”, taking place yearly in Geneva. Body composition was reported as a fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI). Running distances (men: 7.2 km; women: 4.8 km) and running times were used to calculate speed in km/h. We performed multivariate linear mixed regression models to determine whether modifications of body mass index, FFMI, FMI or the combination of FFMI and FMI predicted changes in running speed. The study population included 377 women (1419 observations) and 509 men (2161 observations). Changes in running speed were best predicted by the combination of FFMI and FMI. Running speed improved with a reduction of FMI in both sexes (women: ß −0.31; 95% CI −0.35 to −0.27, p < 0.001. men: ß −0.43; 95% CI −0.48 to −0.39, p < 0.001) and a reduction of FFMI in men (ß −0.20; 95% CI −0.26 to −0.15, p < 0.001). Adjusted for body composition, the decline in running performance occurred from 50 years onward, but appeared earlier with a body mass, FFMI or FMI above the median value at baseline. Changes of running speed are determined mostly by changes in FMI. The decline in running performance occurs from 50 years onward but appears earlier in people with a high body mass index, FFMI or FMI at baseline.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Body Composition during Advanced Aging in Consideration of Diet and Physical Activity: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3626
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jungert ◽  
Gerrit Eichner ◽  
Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Age Dependent

This prospective study investigates age-dependent changes in anthropometric data and body composition over a period of two decades in consideration of physical activity and diet in community-dwelling subjects ≥60 years. Overall, 401 subjects with median follow-up time of 12 years were examined. Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were analyzed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity was assessed via a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was examined by 3-day dietary records. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the influence of age, sex, physical activity and energy/protein intake on anthropometric data and body composition by considering year of entry, use of diuretics and diagnosis of selected diseases. At baseline, median values for daily energy and protein intakes were 8.5 megajoule and 81 g and physical activity index was 1.7. After adjusting for covariates, advancing age was associated with parabolic changes indicating overall changes from age 60 to 90 years in women and men in body mass: −4.7 kg, −5.0 kg; body mass index: +0.04 kg/m2, −0.33 kg/m2; absolute FFM: −2.8 kg, −3.5 kg; absolute FM: −1.8 kg, −1.2 kg and waist circumference: +16 cm, +12 cm, respectively. No age-dependent changes were found for upper arm circumference and relative (%) FFM. Dietary and lifestyle factors were not associated with changes in anthropometric or body composition parameters. In summary, the results indicate non-linear age-dependent changes in anthropometric data and body composition, which are largely unaffected by the degree of habitual physical activity and dietary protein intake in well-nourished community-dwelling subjects.

scholarly journals Dietary habits in the context of body composition of young adult females

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
Tereza Sofková ◽  
Michaela Hřivnová ◽  
Marie Chrásková
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Daily Frequency

Abstract Appropriate dietary habits and healthy nutrition play a part in weight control. Set positive principles make precondition for satisfactory state of the body and its composition. Body mass index (BMI) is most commonly used to assess optimal body mass in relation to health risks. However, BMI does not enable the representation of individual body components and may lead to misdiagnosis in one person. The aim of our study was to evaluate dietary habits and selected body composition parameters based on BMI. Moreover, we evaluated these parameters in relation to the daily frequency of meals. The research group consisted of 318 female students of pedagogical disciplines of Palacký University in Olomouc, aged between 18 and 30 years. (22.3±2.5 years). The survey was conducted in March 2018 and 2019. Data on dietary habits were acquired through a questionnaire survey that focused on the daily frequency of meals. Multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis using InBody 720 analyser was used to determine body composition parameters. In the normal weight BMI (BMI_N) category, the selected parameters (BFP: body fat percentage, VFA: visceral fat, FFM: fat-free mass) based on general recommendations for body composition are met. In the overweight and obesity (BMI_O) category, the mean BFP values fall, as expected, into the obesity category (≥35%). We may conclude that statistically significantly lower relative risk of damage to health assessed by the body fat and visceral fat (BFM, BFP, VFA, BFMI) was found to be significantly lower in women who consume 5 meals per day compared to women who consume 4 or less daily portions of food. The differences between the BMI categories for individual meals during the day were statistically insignificant for the group we investigated. We evaluate the dietary habits positively based on the low frequency of skipping meals.

scholarly journals Estimación del riesgo cardiovascular por composición corporal total

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Oscar Medina ◽  
Juan Manuel Sarmiento ◽  
Larry Quinn ◽  
Sonia Merlano ◽  
Fabian Antonio Dávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introducción: La obesidad y la adiposidad están relacionadas con el aumento del riesgo cardiovascular. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el perímetro abdominal son las variables antropométricas más utilizadas para evaluar su magnitud. El presente estudio busca establecer la relación entre desenlaces cardiometabólicos y la adiposidad medida con Absorciometría Dual por rayos X (DXA), así como el rendimiento diagnóstico de la misma contra la medición de las variables antropométricas convencionales. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal; se calcularon las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal para 60 pacientes en programa de rehabilitación cardiaca fase II. Resultados: Existió mayor prevalencia de obesidad por IMC y adiposidad en mujeres que en hombres (p=0,01 y 0,048). La curva ROC encontró que el rendimiento del perímetro abdominal es solo 65% y el del IMC del 65,6% para el diagnóstico de adiposidad. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre porcentaje de masa grasa elevado y la enfermedad coronaria (OR: 1,9 p= 0,042); el IMC aumentado con la hipertensión arterial (OR: 3,0 p= 0,0334) y el LDL > 70 mg/dl (OR: 0,4 p= 0,0178); el perímetro abdominal aumentado con la falla cardiaca (OR: 0,58 p=0,0382); la TMB baja con la hipertensión arterial (OR: 1,70 p= 0,046) y finalmente el IIRME disminuido con el LDL > 70 mg/dl y la falla cardiaca (OR: 0,4 p= 0,0178 y OR 1,96 p=0,078, respectivamente).Conclusiones: La suma de la medición de las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal por DXA ofrece información valiosa para el estudio y estimación del riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico de los pacientes. Abstract Introduction: Obesity and adiposity are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are the most anthropometric variables used to assess their magnitude. This study aims to establish the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes measured by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) as well as the diagnostic performance of the latter against the measurement of the conventional anthropometric variables. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted; anthropometric and body composition variables for 60 patients in cardiac rehabilitation program phase II were calculated. Results: There was a higher prevalence of obesity by BMI and adiposity in women than in men (p = 0.01 and 0.048). The ROC curve found that the performance is only 65% for waist circumference and 65.6% for BMI for the diagnosis of adiposity. Significant correlations between high percentage of fat mass and coronary heart disease (OR: 1.9 p = 0.042) were found; as well as for increased BMI with hypertension (OR: 3.0 p = 0.0334) and LDL> 70mg/dl (OR: 0.4 p = 0.0178); increased waist circumference with heart failure (OR: 0.58 p = 0.0382); low basal metabolic rate (BMR) with hypertension (OR: 1.70 p = 0.046) and finally the decreased fat free mass index (FFMI) with LDL>70mg/dl and heart failure (OR: 0.4 p = 0.0178 and OR: 1.96 p = 0.078 respectively). Conclusions: The addition of body composition variables by DXA and anthropometric variables, provides valuable information for the study and estimation of cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Key Words: Obesity; DEXA Scans; Coronary Disease; BodyComposition; Body Mass Index; Adiposity.

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