scholarly journals Colorectal Polyp Prevalence According to Alcohol Consumption, Smoking and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Kyujin Lee ◽  
Yong Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Colorectal Polyp ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Never Smokers

This study aimed to analyze colorectal polyp prevalence associated with health behavior. Data from 1180 Korean men (young adult (YA), aged 40–49; middle age (MA) aged 50–59; old aged (OA), aged 60–79 years) were collected. Health behavior included alcohol consumption, smoking status, and obesity. Obesity was determined using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by logistic regression. The prevalence of polyps increased for current smokers by 2.642 times in the YA group, 3.468 times in the MA group, and 3.104 times in the OA group compared to the never-smokers. The OR for WC increased in subjects with obesity by 1.514 in the MA and 1.451 in the OA group compared to normal. The prevalence of three or more polyps increased with WC obesity by 2.3 times in YA, 2.2 times in MA, and 1.9 times in OA compared to normal WC. Therefore, smoking cessation and obesity management may reduce the risk of colorectal polyps.

Abstract WP164: Role of Risk Factors in the Paradoxical Effect of Smoking on Peri-procedural Stroke in SAMMPRIS

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A Holmstedt ◽  
Tanya N Turan ◽  
Michael J Lynn ◽  
Bethany F Lane ◽  
Jean Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Intracranial Stenosis ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Never Smokers

Background: A previous SAMMPRIS analysis of patients randomized to stenting showed that peri-procedural ischemic infarcts were significantly associated with diabetes, basilar stenosis, age, and smoking status with never smokers having a higher risk (odds ratio = 8.8, p< 0.001). We sought to determine if this finding could be due to a higher burden of other risk factors in never smokers. Method: Baseline features in 213 patients undergoing stenting in SAMMPRIS were compared between never smokers vs. former and current smokers in univariate and multivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used to determine the effect of smoking on peri-procedural ischemic infarcts after adjusting for factors related to smoking. Data: Univariate results are shown in Table 1. Never smokers were significantly (P<0.05) more likely to be female, diabetic, hypertensive, and have another intracranial stenosis, but in multivariate analyses only hypertension and another intracranial stenosis remained significantly (P<0.05) associated with smoking status. In a multivariate model that incorporated hypertension and another intracranial stenosis along with smoking status, diabetes, basilar stenosis, and age, smoking status remained significant with an increased risk among patients who never smoked (odds ratio = 5.3, p = 0.005). Conclusion: While never smokers had significantly higher rates of some risk factors compared to active or previous smokers, these risk factors do not explain all the increased risk of early stroke in never smokers after stenting in SAMMPRIS. Another contributory factor may be that smoking accelerates the conversion of clopidogrel to its active form.

scholarly journals Associations of Lifestyle and Anthropometric Factors With the Risk of Herpes Zoster: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun A J Schmidt ◽  
Henrik Toft Sørensen ◽  
Sinéad M Langan ◽  
Mogens Vestergaard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Abstract The role of lifestyle in development of herpes zoster remains unclear. We examined whether smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, or physical activity were associated with zoster risk. We followed a population-based cohort of 101,894 respondents to the 2010 Danish National Health Survey (baseline, May 1, 2010) until zoster diagnosis, death, emigration, or July 1, 2014, whichever occurred first. We computed hazard ratios for zoster associated with each exposure, using Cox regression with age as the time scale and adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with never smokers, hazards for zoster were increased in former smokers (1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.30), but not in current smokers (1.00, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.13). Compared with low-risk alcohol consumption, neither intermediate-risk (0.95, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.07) nor high-risk alcohol consumption (0.99, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.15) was associated with zoster. We also found no increased hazard associated with weekly binge drinking versus not (0.93, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.11). Risk of zoster varied little by body mass index (referent = normal weight) and physical activity levels (referent = light level), with hazard ratios between 0.96 and 1.08. We observed no dose-response association between the exposures and zoster. The examined lifestyle and anthropometric factors thus were not risk factors for zoster.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Colorectal Polyps Based on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, Health Behavior, and Abdominal Obesity in Asymptomatic Elderly

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Junyong Zhang ◽  
Yonghwan Kim ◽  
Wangyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health Care Center

Colorectal polyps are precursor lesions of colorectal cancer and are known to be associated with obesity, low physical activity, and unhealthy behavior. This cross-sectional study analyzed the prevalence of colorectal polyps based on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, and health behavior in older adults. Participants were asymptomatic and included 1024 men and 472 women aged 65–80 years who visited the health care center. Colonoscopy was performed under conscious sedation, and cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as the maximum oxygen uptake using gas analysis. Muscle strength was determined using isokinetic equipment, and physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking status were investigated using questionnaires. Waist circumference was measured at the thickest part of the middle of the abdomen. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of colorectal polyps using odds ratios (ORs) based on the variables. The incidence of colorectal polyps was 65.2% in men and 48.5% in women. The ORs of colorectal polyps for obesity were 1.151 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.010–2.291) and 1.178 (95% CI, 1.015–2.612) in men and women, respectively. The OR for colorectal polyps in male current smokers was 1.884. The ORs for low CRF were 1.985 and 1.841 in men and women, respectively, compared with high CRF. The prevalence of polyps increased with low muscle strength (men’s OR 1.343 women’s OR 1.440) and physical activity in both men (OR 1.693) and women (OR 1.861). In conclusion, lower CRF and muscle strength were associated with an increased prevalence of colorectal polyps in men and women. In both sexes, high waist circumference and low physical activity increased the prevalence of colorectal polyps.

scholarly journals Prognostic Impact of Body Mass Index Stratified by Smoking Status in Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (34) ◽  
pp. 4561-4567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry H. Yoon ◽  
Mark A. Lewis ◽  
Qian Shi ◽  
Maliha Khan ◽  
Stephen D. Cassivi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Never Smokers

Purpose Given that smoking affects body mass index (BMI) and survival, stratification by smoking status may be required to determine the true prognostic impact of BMI. Although obesity increases risk for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), the prognostic influence of obesity and its potential modification by smoking status is unknown in this disease. Patients and Methods All patients (N = 778) underwent potentially curative esophagectomy. BMI was calculated using measured height and weight at surgery and categorized as obese (≥ 30 kg/m2), overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m2), or normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2). Cigarette smoking was categorized as never or ever. The association of BMI with disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) was determined by Cox regression. Results Excess BMI was significantly associated with DSS in a manner that differed substantially by smoking status (P for interaction = .023). Among never smokers, obesity was significantly associated with adverse DSS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.31 to 3.43; P = .002), DFS (HR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.18; P = .002), and OS (HR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.14; P = .004), as compared with normal weight, after adjusting for covariates. By contrast, among ever smokers, obesity was not prognostic, and overweight status was significantly associated with favorable survival in univariate, but not multivariate, analysis. Conclusion Obesity among never smokers was independently associated with two-fold worsening of DSS, DFS, and OS after surgery for EAC, after adjusting for known prognostic factors. These data, in one of the largest reported resected EAC cohorts, are the first to show an adverse prognostic impact of obesity in EAC.

scholarly journals Stratification by Smoking Status Reveals an Association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 Genotype with Body Mass Index in Never Smokers

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e1004799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Taylor ◽  
Richard W. Morris ◽  
Meg E. Fluharty ◽  
Johan H. Bjorngaard ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Never Smokers

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Colorectal Polyps in Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Wei Wang ◽  
Ping-I Hsu ◽  
Hung-Yi Chuang ◽  
Ming-Shium Tu ◽  
Guang-Yuan Mar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Adenomatous Polyps ◽  
Hyperplastic Polyps ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Purpose. To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hyperplastic and adenomatous colorectal polyps in a Taiwanese general population.Methods. From January 2009 to December 2011, consecutive asymptomatic subjects undergoing a routine health check-up were evaluated by colonoscopy. The colorectal polyps were assessed, and medical history and demographic data were obtained from each patient. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to search the independent risk factors for asymptomatic hyperplastic and adenomatous colorectal polyps.Results. Of the 1899 asymptomatic subjects, the prevalences of hyperplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps were 11.1% and 16.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that high body mass index (BMI>25: OR, 1.32, 95% CI, 1.05–1.71) and current smoking (OR, 1.87, 95% CI, 1.42–2.71) were independent predictors for hyperplastic colorectal polyps. Age over 60 years old (OR, 3.49, 95% CI, 1.86–6.51), high body mass index (BMI>25: OR, 1.75, 95% CI, 1.21–2.71), heavy alcohol consumption (OR, 2.01, 95% CI, 1.02–3.99), and current smoking (OR, 1.31, 95% CI, 1.04–1.58) were independent predictors for adenomatous colorectal polyps.Conclusion. High BMI and smoking are common risk factors for both adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. Old age and alcohol consumption are additional risk factors for the development of adenomatous polyps.

scholarly journals Dental Care Utilization among Veterans by Smoking Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Constance Wiener ◽  
Ruchi Bhandari ◽  
Alcinda K. Trickett Shockey ◽  
Christopher Waters
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Care Utilization ◽  
Never Smokers

Background. Given the critical importance of dental care utilization among veterans and the overall health consequences of tobacco use in all populations, the purpose of this research is to examine smoking as a risk factor for poor dental care utilization among United States Veterans.Methods. A secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Veterans was conducted. The primary outcome was dental care utilization (Yes, No). Frequency, chi-square analyses, and multivariate logistic regression statistical tests were performed while adjusting for confounding factors.Results. There were 6,308 veterans in the study. Veterans who were current smokers were less likely to have dental care utilization within the previous six months than former smokers or never smokers. In unadjusted logistic regression analysis, current smokers had an odds ratio of 2.83 [95% CI: 2.36, 3.40] as compared with never smokers. The adjusted odds ratio for current smoking on dental care utilization was 1.71 [95% CI: 1.40, 2.09] as compared with never smoking.Conclusions. Since veterans who smoked are less likely to have dental care utilization within the previous six months, they are at higher risk for later diagnosis of dental problems. Veterans who smoke should be specifically targeted with interventions to ensure frequent dental visits, so future problems may be averted or managed early in their development.

scholarly journals The Association Between Smoking and Gut Microbiome in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1339-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Nolan-Kenney ◽  
Fen Wu ◽  
Jiyuan Hu ◽  
Liying Yang ◽  
Dervla Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
False Discovery Rate ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
P Values ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Introduction Epidemiological studies that investigate alterations in the gut microbial composition associated with smoking are lacking. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Aims and Methods Stool samples were collected in a cross-sectional study of 249 participants selected from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Bangladesh. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and sequenced by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The associations of smoking status and intensity of smoking with the relative abundance or the absence and presence of individual bacterial taxon from phylum to genus levels were examined. Results The relative abundance of bacterial taxa along the Erysipelotrichi-to-Catenibacterium lineage was significantly higher in current smokers compared to never-smokers. The odds ratio comparing the mean relative abundance in current smokers with that in never-smokers was 1.91 (95% confidence interval = 1.36–2.69) for the genus Catenibacterium and 1.89 (95% confidence interval = 1.39–2.56) for the family Erysipelotrichaceae, the order Erysipelotrichale, and the class Erysipelotrichi (false discovery rate-adjusted p values = .0008–.01). A dose–response association was observed for each of these bacterial taxa. The presence of Alphaproteobacteria was significantly greater comparing current with never-smokers (odds ratio = 4.85, false discovery rate-adjusted p values = .04). Conclusions Our data in a Bangladeshi population are consistent with evidence of an association between smoking status and dosage with change in the gut bacterial composition. Implications This study for the first time examined the relationship between smoking and the gut microbiome composition. The data suggest that smoking status may play an important role in the composition of the gut microbiome, especially among individuals with higher levels of tobacco exposure.

scholarly journals Perceptions of “Natural” and “Additive-Free” Cigarettes and Intentions to Purchase

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. O’Connor ◽  
M. Jane Lewis ◽  
Sarah E. Adkison ◽  
Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽  
K. Michael Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

In August 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warning letters to cigarette manufacturers promoting brands as “natural” or “additive-free” because of concerns that such marketing claims might mislead consumers into believing that these brands are less dangerous to smoke than others. The current study examined consumer beliefs about the relative harms of “natural” cigarettes, and whether these beliefs influenced perceptions of advertising and purchase intentions when participants were shown an advertisement for American Spirit cigarettes. Data were collected using a web-based survey conducted in 2013 among 3,006 U.S.-based web panel members aged 15 to 65 years. Ratings of “natural” cigarette health risks (i.e., misperceptions) differed by sex, race, education, smoking status, and age. Controlling for perceived risks of other cigarette types, never smokers ( B = −0.31, p < .001) and ever/former smokers ( B = −0.15, p = .002) had significantly fewer misperceptions of “natural” cigarettes than current smokers. Current smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 17.8), believing the ad was truthful (OR = 1.18), and having more misperceptions about “natural” cigarette health risks (OR = 1.13) were independently associated with greater purchase intention. Consumers perceived cigarettes marketed as “natural” or “additive-free” as less harmful, and this influenced their perceptions of advertising claims and intention to purchase, controlling for other factors. These findings underscore Food and Drug Administration’s recent warning letters.

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