Child Salivary SIgA and Its Relationship to Enteric Infections and EED Biomarkers in Maputo, Mozambique

Characterizing child immunological responses to enteric infections with antibody detection in serum can be challenging in resource-constrained field settings, because sample collection requires trained individuals and its invasive procedure may lead to low response rates, especially among children. Saliva may present a promising non-invasive alternative. The objectives of this research were to compare salivary antibody levels in children to enteric infections and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). We collected saliva samples from children aged one to six years enrolled in a sanitation trial in Maputo, Mozambique, and characterized salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentrations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We used multilevel linear models to analyze cross-sectional associations between salivary SIgA and the number of concurrent enteric pathogen infections, as well as EED biomarkers in matched stool samples. Median salivary SIgA concentrations in this study population were 54 μg/mL (inter-quartile range (IQR): 34, 85 μg/mL), and SIgA levels were similar between children of different ages. SIgA was lower in children experiencing a higher number of concurrent infections −0.04 log μg/mL (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.08 to −0.005 log μg/mL), but was not associated with any of the included EED biomarkers. Contrary to evidence from high-income countries that suggests salivary SIgA increases rapidly with age in young children, the high prevalence of enteric infections may have led to a suppression of immunological development in this study sample and could in part explain the similar SIgA levels between children of different ages.

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Breastfeeding pattern and its' association with nutritional status and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A level in 3-to 6-month-old infants

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj.v01i2.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Eleonora Mitaning Christy ◽

Sri Sukmaniah ◽

Rini Sekartini

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽

Pattern Group ◽

Siga Level ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin

Introduction: Breastfeeding pattern is a form of mother's behavior in giving breast milk to her baby. Breast milk supports the growth and development of the baby. The most common immunoglobulin in breast milk is secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). SIgA levels can be evaluated, one of the ways, from saliva samples examination. The purpose of the research were to determine the breastfeeding pattern and its association with nutritional status and salivary secretory immunoglobulin A level in 3-to 6-month-old infants.Methods: The research with cross sectional design was conducted in Kiara Social Pediatric-Growth and Developmental Polyclinic, Cipto Mangunkusomo Hospital Jakarta. A total of 54 healthy infants subjects aged 3–6 months old were taken using consecutive sampling method. Descriptive analysis, Chi Square, and Mann-Whitney test were used. P-values <0.05 were considered significant.Results: Our results showed that subjects with normal nutritional status were 85.2%. The median of subjects’ salivary sIgA level was 56.2 (2.5–536.4) µg/ml. There was no significant differences regarding to subjects’ nutritional status between good breastfeeding pattern group and poor breastfeeding pattern group (P> 0.145), and no significant differences regarding to salivary sIgA level between good breastfeeding pattern group and poor breastfeeding pattern group (P> 0.34).Conclusion: Despite its un-significant results, this study showed that normal nutritional status tended to be more prevalent in group with good breastfeeding pattern than in poor breastfeeding pattern. Re-encouragement, socialization, and education to the breastfeeding mothers is needed to improve the good breastfeeding pattern.

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Circulating inflammatory biomarkers are related to cerebrovascular disease in older adults

Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1212/nxi.0000000000000521 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e521 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yian Gu ◽

Jose Gutierrez ◽

Irene B. Meier ◽

Vanessa A. Guzman ◽

Jennifer J. Manly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Linear Models ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cox Models ◽

Mri Scans

ObjectiveThis investigation aimed at examining whether circulating inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were related to cerebrovascular disease (CVD) assessed by MRI.MethodsThe study included nondemented elderly participants of a community-based, multiethnic cohort, who received baseline MRI scans and had CRP (n = 508), ACT (435), and IL6 (N = 357) measured by ELISA. Silent brain infarcts and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were derived from all available MRI scans at baseline, approximately 4.4 years after blood sample collection for inflammatory biomarkers. Repeated assessments of infarcts and WMH, as well as microbleeds assessment, were performed at follow-up MRI visits around 4.5 years later. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and CVD were analyzed using appropriate logistic regression models, generalized linear models, or COX models.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, APOE genotype, and intracranial volume, 1 SD increase in log10IL6 was associated with infarcts on MRI {odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.28 [1.02–1.60], p = 0.033}, and 1 SD increase in log10CRP and log10ACT was associated with microbleeds (OR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.02–2.09], p = 0.041; and 1.65 [1.11–2.46], p = 0.013; respectively). One SD increase in log10ACT was also associated with larger WMH at the follow-up MRI (b = 0.103, p = 0.012) and increased accumulation of WMH volume (b = 0.062, p = 0.041) during follow-up. The associations remained significant after additional adjustment of vascular risk factors and excluding participants with clinical stroke.ConclusionsAmong older adults, increased circulating inflammatory biomarkers were associated with the presence of infarcts and microbleeds, WMH burden, and progression of WMH.

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HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL PERAWAT DENGAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG PENERAPAN STRATEGI PELAKSANAAN PADA PASIEN DENGAN GANGGUAN HALUSINASI

Jurnal Kesehatan Saelmakers PERDANA ◽

10.32524/jksp.v1i1.338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Widya Arisandy

Keyword(s):

Strategy Implementation ◽

Analytic Approach ◽

P Value ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Is Research ◽

Knowledge Strategy ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Research Nurses

Knowledge is the result of �know� and this is happening after they made a sensing towards an object certain .Sensing towards an object occur through panca human senses the sight , hearing , of smell , taste and touched with own .Knowledge about the implementation of the nurse strategy is obliged to understandable and in understand by a nurse soul .Many things can affect knowledge a nurse soul both internally and externally.Strategy the implementation of the act of nursing is a in made as a guide by a nurse if when interacting with disorder patients hallucinations.The purpose of research to know relations factors internal a nurse with knowledge nurse in the application of the implementation of the strategy in patients with disorder hallucinations in inpatient Rooms Hospital Ernaldi Bahar The Province Of South Sumatera 2017 . The kind of research done is research quantitative by using the method survey analytic approach in cross sectional .Technique the sample collection that is using a technique the sample collection total of sampling , the number of the sample are always 33 people .To research this independent variable consists of education , length of employment and the days of while dependent variable is knowledge nurse about strategy the implementation of the hallucinations . the results of this research was obtained one variable are associated than 3 variable internal factors researched namely working time with the results of p-value 0,011. Researchers hope from the results of this research , nurses can identify any factor that could affect the knowledge nurses and also can be used to understand the science of psychiatric Keywords : Nurses Knowledge, Strategy Implementation Hallucinations

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SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SALIVARY SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A RESPONSE IN WOMEN TO STRESS OF MAKING A PUBLIC SPEECH

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.98.3.1241-1250 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 1241 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

HIDEKI OHIRA

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽

Public Speech ◽

Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin

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SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SALIVARY SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A RESPONSE IN WOMEN TO STRESS OF MAKING A PUBLIC SPEECH

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.98.4.1241-1250 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 1241 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

HIDEKI OHIRA

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽

Public Speech ◽

Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽

Secretory Immunoglobulin

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Human density, economic level and frequency of canine helminths in Buenos Aires

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

D. Rubel ◽

N. Flaibani

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

The Other ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Economic Level ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Human Density

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore through cross-sectional study the variation in the prevalence of parasitic helminths in canine faeces collected from green spaces of Buenos Aires according to the human density (HD) and economic level (EL) in the surroundings. HD and EL were considered as independent variables with three categories each. Twenty public squares (one hectare of surface) were randomly selected for each existing combination of the two independent variables. Ten random samples of fresh canine faeces were obtained in each square and analysed for helminths by the sedimentation and flotation techniques. The prevalence for each of the species was analysed using generalized linear models (GLM). The prevalence was modelled with a binomial error distribution and a logit link function. Helminth eggs were detected in 45 out of the 200 (22.5%) faecal samples collected and in 18 of the 20 green spaces sampled. The species observed were Ancylostoma caninum (13% of samples), Trichuris vulpis (8%) and Toxocara canis (4.5%). The GLM indicated that the prevalence of A. caninum in the slum areas (very high HD and very low EL) was higher than that in the other areas studied. However, the HD seemed to contribute more than the EL to the variations in the prevalence of A. caninum in faecal samples. The GLM showed no differences in the prevalence of the other parasite species for the different levels of the independent variables.

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The Relationships Between Serum DHEA-S and AMH Levels in Infertile Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10061211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1211

Author(s):

Li-Te Lin ◽

Kuan-Hao Tsui

Keyword(s):

Generalized Linear Models ◽

Large Scale ◽

Linear Models ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infertile Women ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels has not been fully established. Therefore, we performed a large-scale cross-sectional study to investigate the association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels. The study included a total of 2155 infertile women aged 20 to 46 years who were divided into four quartile groups (Q1 to Q4) based on serum DHEA-S levels. We found that there was a weak positive association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels in infertile women (r = 0.190, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, serum DHEA-S levels positively correlated with serum AMH levels in infertile women (β = 0.103, p < 0.001). Infertile women in the highest DHEA-S quartile category (Q4) showed significantly higher serum AMH levels (p < 0.001) compared with women in the lowest DHEA-S quartile category (Q1). The serum AMH levels significantly increased across increasing DHEA-S quartile categories in infertile women (p = 0.014) using generalized linear models after adjustment for potential confounders. Our data show that serum DHEA-S levels are positively associated with serum AMH levels.

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Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin A Antibodies Secreted from Circulating B Cells Are an Effective Marker for Recent Local Immune Responses in Patients with Cholera: Comparison to Antibody-Secreting Cell Responses and Other Immunological Markers

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.8.4808-4814.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

pp. 4808-4814 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Firdausi Qadri ◽

Edward T. Ryan ◽

A. S. G. Faruque ◽

Firoz Ahmed ◽

Ashraful Islam Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Peripheral Circulation ◽

Secreting Cell ◽

Antibody Secreting Cell ◽

Immunological Responses ◽

B Subunit ◽

Mucosal Infection ◽

Circulating Lymphocytes

ABSTRACT Gut-derived lymphocytes transiently migrate through the peripheral circulation before homing back to mucosal sites and can be detected using an ELISPOT-based antibody secreting cell (ASC) assay. Alternatively, transiently circulating lymphocytes may be cultured in vitro, and culture supernatants may be assayed for antigen-specific responses (antibody in lymphocyte supernatant [ALS] assay). The ALS assay has not been validated extensively in natural mucosal infection, nor has the ALS response been compared to the ASC assay and other cholera-specific immunological responses. Accordingly, we examined immune responses in 30 adult patients with acute cholera in Bangladesh, compared with 10 healthy controls, measuring ALS-immunoglobulin A (IgA), ASC-IgA, and serum and fecal IgA responses to two potent Vibrio cholerae immunogens, the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CtxB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a weaker V. cholerae immunogen, the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA). We found significant increases of anti-CtxB, anti-LPS, and anti-MSHA IgA in supernatants of lymphocytes cultured 7 days after onset of cholera using the ALS assay. We found that ALS and ASC responses correlated extremely well; both had comparable sensitivities as the vibriocidal responses, and both procedures were more sensitive than fecal IgA measurements. An advantage of the ALS assay for studying mucosal immune responses is the ability to freeze antibodies in supernatants for subsequent evaluation; like the ASC assay, the ALS assay can distinguish recent from remote mucosal infection, a distinction that may be difficult to make in endemic settings using other procedures.

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Assessment of the relationship between estimated cardiovascular risk and structural damage in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease ◽

10.1177/1759720x20982837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1759720X2098283

Author(s):

María Lourdes Ladehesa-Pineda ◽

Iván Arias de la Rosa ◽

Clementina López Medina ◽

María del Carmen Castro-Villegas ◽

María del Carmen Ábalos-Aguilera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Linear Models ◽

Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Cross Sectional

Aims: To evaluate the association of estimated cardiovascular (CV) risk and subclinical atherosclerosis with radiographic structural damage in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Cross-sectional study including 114 patients axSpA from the SpA registry of Córdoba (CASTRO) and 132 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Disease activity and the presence of traditional CV risk factors were recorded. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were evaluated through carotid ultrasound and the SCORE index was calculated. Radiographic damage was measured though modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). The association between mSASSS and SCORE was tested using generalized linear models (GLM), and an age-adjusted cluster analysis was performed to identify different phenotypes dependent on the subclinical CV risk. Results: Increased traditional CV risk factors, SCORE, and the presence of carotid plaques were found in axSpA patients compared with HCs. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques and SCORE were associated with radiographic structural damage. The GLM showed that the total mSASSS was associated independently with the SCORE [β coefficient 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10–0.38] adjusted for disease duration, age, tobacco, C-reactive protein, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) intake. Hard cluster analysis identified two phenotypes of patients. Patients from cluster 1, characterized by the presence of plaques and increased cIMT, had a higher prevalence of CV risk factors and SCORE, and more structural damage than cluster two patients. Conclusion: Radiographic structural damage is associated closely with increased estimated CV risk: higher SCORE levels in axSpA patients were found to be associated independently with mSASSS after adjusting for age, disease duration, CRP, tobacco and NSAID intake.

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