scholarly journals Prevalence of Workplace Bullying and Risk Groups in Chinese Employees in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Catalina Sau Man Ng ◽  
Victor C. W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment

Most studies on workplace bullying have been conducted in high-income countries and on Caucasian samples. Little is known about workplace bullying in Asian countries despite its recognition as a serious public health issue in the workplace. We examined the annual and lifetime prevalence of workplace bullying and its risk factors among Chinese employees in Hong Kong. The study was part of a larger project consisting of two waves. Respondents were recruited from a convenience sampling technique and completed a self-reported survey. Respondents reported whether they had been bullied at work for the past 12 months and during their lifetime. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore the sociodemographic risk factors for workplace bullying. There were a total of 2657 respondents (54.6% male), with a mean age of 41.53 years. The annual and lifetime prevalence of workplace bullying were 39.1% and 58.9%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that workplace bullying in the past 12 months was associated with a high monthly income, and the combination of a high monthly income and higher educational attainment was associated with bullying at some point in the participants’ career. Suitable policies and interventions to reduce the extent of workplace bullying in Hong Kong are warranted.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Dating Violence among Undergraduate Students of a Tertiary Institution within Sokoto Metropolis of Sokoto State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Habibullah Adamu ◽  
Oche Mansur Oche ◽  
Muhammad Aisha Isah ◽  
Sahabi Abubakar Muhammad ◽  
Akilu Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim: To determine the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of dating violence among undergraduate students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (UDUS). Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 340 undergraduate students, selected via multistage sampling technique. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: The ages of the respondents ranged from 18 to 29 years, with mean of 22.4±2 years; 218(66.9%) were males, 214(65.6%) were Hausa/Fulani and 266(81.9%) were Muslims. Majority of the respondents have been in a dating relationship for more than one academic year; 106(37.3%) of the dating partners were students of the university, of which 26(24.8%) were class mates. Current and lifetime prevalence of dating violence were 56% and 59.5% respectively. Form of dating violence experienced mostly by respondents was emotional/psychological violence [44(22.4%)], physical violence was the least experienced [27(14.04%)]. Up to 93(48%) of the dating violence took place on campus and 68(35%) of the perpetrators were current partners. Factors associated with dating violence included feeling overburdened by partners’ demands, and spending too much on partner. Conclusion: Current and lifetime prevalence of dating violence were high and emotional violence was the commonest form of dating violence experienced by respondents. There is need for school authorities to put in place mechanisms to identify victims of dating violence and come up with measures aimed at stemming the tide of dating violence in university campuses.

Epidemiology and primary prevention of feeding and eating disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1059-1064
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Halmi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

In the past 20 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) in industrialized countries has remained stable at 4.2–7.7 new cases per 100,000 per year. During this period, the incidence of bulimia nervosa (BN) has decreased from 12.2 to 6.1 per 100,000. The lifetime prevalence of AN in females in the United States in the past decade was 0.9% and 0.3% in males, and that of BN was 0.88% in females and 0.12% in males in a European study. Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder (ED), with a lifetime prevalence of 3.5% in women in the United States and 2.0% in men. AN has the highest standardized mortality rate of 5.86, followed by BN with a standardized mortality rate of 2.29. Less than half of AN patients have a full recovery, compared to two-thirds of BN patients who recover. The prevalence of EDs is increasing in the Middle East and Asian countries, as well as among Latinos, African-Americans, and Asians in the United States. Body dissatisfaction and a family history of ED are consistent risk factors across all EDs. Perfectionism is a greater risk factor for restricting AN and conduct disorders, and substance abuse and sexual abuse are risk factors for BN and BED. ED prevention programmes have mainly targeted at-risk persons in specific age groups and environments. Both Internet-based and group session programmes have reduced ED-related symptoms. There are multiple issues concerning the implementation and maintenance of prevention programmes, including clinician training, costs, attrition rate, and effectiveness over time.

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR GALLSTONE FORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Surajit Lahiri ◽  
Subham Roy Choudhury ◽  
Subhajit Shyam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waking Up

Gallstone disease and its complications are a major public health issue, equally affecting both the developed and the developing countries across the globe. The unmodiable risk factors are universally same. The modiable risk factors however, can vary from place to place depending upon social customs, lifestyle, food habits and preferences. This justies the need for regional studies to look for association of risk factors that can precipitate gallstone disease so that preventive programmes can be undertaken to reduce its incidence. The project was an institution-based observational cross-sectional study on 96 subjects to look for the risk factors associated with gallstone formation. The patients were chosen using simple random sampling technique as per the pre-decided inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected through a pre-designed and pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. For all the tests for the study, a p-value of < 0.05 was considered signicant. All the statistical signicance of the project was evaluated at a condence interval of 95%. Based on the objective of the study, further descriptive and inferential statistics was drawn. Our study showed a strong association between gallstone disease and the time elapsed between waking up in the morning and taking breakfast, with 88 subjects (91.66%) out of the possible 96 taking their breakfast over 2 hours (120 minutes) after waking up. Thus reduction in overnight fasting by advising people to take their breakfast within 2 hours (120 minutes) of waking up, can bring down the incidence of gallstone disease signicantly. Thus we propose awareness programmes to highlight this issue amongst the population at risk.

Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries among Young Children in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Shiqian Gao ◽  
Duangporn Duangthip ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo ◽  
Chun Hung Chu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Primary Caretaker

Objective: Early childhood caries (ECC) was prevalent in Hong Kong. Children with ECC risk should be identified early for prevention. This study aimed to identify common risk factors of ECC in Hong Kong 3-year-old children. Study design: Sample size calculation showed at least 6,321 of 3-year-old children should be invited in this study. A consent form and a questionnaire enquiring the children's oral health behaviours and social-economic background were distributed to their parents. Children with parental consent were examined by a trained dentist. Caries status was recorded in dmft index. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors of ECC. Results: A total of 5,167 children from the 6,331 children invited were examined. Among them, 1,130 children (22%) had ECC (dmft&gt;0). Logistic regression analysis found age of starting tooth brushing, snack-intake frequency, dental visit experience, birthplace, family monthly income, primary caretaker, and mother's education level were factors associated with ECC of the children. Conclusions: Children who started tooth brushing later, had higher snack-intake frequency, were not born in Hong Kong, and whose family monthly income was lower, mother's education level was lower, primary caretaker was not domestic helper, had a statistically significant higher chance of having ECC.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of fall and its risk factors among elders in a rural area of Coimbatore, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Chacko ◽  
Prabha Thangaraj ◽  
Muhammad G. M.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coimbatore District ◽  
History Of

Background: Global reports show that falls are the major cause of disability injuries among the elders. Developing countries lack the required epidemiological data on the burden of falls and factors that contribute to it.The objectives of the study were to find the burden of fall and its distribution in time, place and person among elders and to identify risk factors associated with fall among elders. Methods: A community–based cross-sectional study of 655 elders (≥ 60 years) was done in a rural area of Coimbatore District by two stage sampling technique. History of fall within the past 6 months was included in the study. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess factors contributing to falls. The burden of falls was expressed as proportions and percentages. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify risk factors for fall. Results: 26% (95%CI: 22.59-29.32) elders experienced at least one fall. Of the total falls 50.2% occurred outside home and the remaining inside home. Most of the falls occurred during ambulation and at the morning hours (39.1%). Age ≥80 years (OR: 3.28, 95%CI: 1.28-5.98) and dizziness (OR: 3.27, 95%CI: 1.00-10.06) were only found to be significantly associated with fall on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The occurrence of fall was found to be almost similar to that identified in western countries where fall preventive measures have been implemented. Similar efforts are yet to be initiated here and so this study provides the evidence for the need. Prospective studies through more frequent home visits are needed to confirm the enormity of the problem to suggest policy recommendation. 

Role of NGOs on Socio-Economic Condition at Sherpur Sadar Upazila

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
MB Latif ◽  
S Akter
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
The Past

The present study examines the impacts of NGOs activities on socio-economic environment of rural people at Sherpur Sadar, Bangladesh using purposive random sampling technique with questionnaire survey, detail interview for case study and secondary data. The main objectives of the research were- to determine the existing services of those NGOs; to assess the past and present socio-economic condition of the beneficiaries. A total of 84 beneficiaries of two villages were selected for questionnaire survey and 4 were interviewed in detail. The secondary data were collected from journal papers, articles, books, official documents, thesis papers, daily newspapers etc. In the studied two village, monthly income of the respondents was increased after taking loan from NGOs i.e. 43.20% respondent’s monthly income was between 8,000-10,000tk while it was 15.87% before taking loan and 5.95% respondents earned money above 10,000tk before taking loan but the percentage of respondent’s income was also increased (29.54%) after taking loan.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 79-85 2017

scholarly journals A Socio-demographic Survey on Infertile Couples of Selected Villages in Dhaka

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Md Mahmudul Haque ◽  
Jinnatul Airin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Family Income ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Infertile Couple ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse

Introduction: Infertility is a public health issue; it is defined as not having conceived after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse. In developing countries, there are severe social, psychological and economic consequences for infertile men and women.Objectives: This study was designed to find out socio-demographic attributes and treatment seeking pattern about the infertile couple (either of the couple).Materials and Methods: This survey was carried out in some selected villages of Ashulia, Saturia and Baliati of Dhamrai Upazilla in Dhaka. A total of 52 couples were included in the study. Purposive sampling technique was adopted. Couple who gave consent to participate in the study was interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the relevant information. Data were analyzed later on.Results: Among husbands 18(34.6%) were between age 40-49 years, 16(30.8%) were in the age group 30-39 years, 14(26.9%) were in the age group 20-29 years. Regarding age of the wives, majority, 32(61.5%) were in the age group 20-29 years, 14(26.9%) had age 30-39 years and rest 6(11.6%) were in the age group 40-49 years. About education of the husbands it was seen that 20(38.5%) passed SSC, 14(26.9%) had education from class VI to class X and 6(11.5%) were illiterates. Among wives, 32(61.4%) had education on class VI to class X, 10(19.2%) had primary level of education, 4(7.7%) were illiterates. Thirty four (65.4%) couples lived in nuclear families, 16(30.8%) were joint families and the rest 2(3.8%) were extended families. Twenty eight (53.8%) of the couples had marital life >10 years, 20(38.5%) had 6-10 years and the rest 4(7.7%) had marital life of 1-5 years. About 16(31%) had monthly income 5001-10000 taka, 10(19.2%) had 15001-20000 taka, another 10(19.2% had >20000 taka, 16(30.8%) had 5001-10000 taka and 2(3.8%) had monthly income upto 5000 taka. Twenty (38%) husband were involved in business and 44(76%) wives are house wives. Thirty two (61.5%) couple used contraceptives. Forty two (80.8/%) couples sought for treatment.Conclusion: In developing countries, Infertility has profound effects on individuals as the production of children is often highly socially valued and is vital for social security and for family income generation. National level active planning is needed to overcome this social problem.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 25-29

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for youth suicidality among perinatally infected youths living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda: the CHAKA study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽  
Richard Stephen Mpango ◽  
Wilber Ssembajjwe ◽  
Kenneth D. Gadow ◽  
Vikram Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perinatally Infected ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Research from high income countries indicates that suicide is a major mental health care concern and a leading cause of preventable deaths among children and adolescents. Proper assessment and management of youth suicidality is crucial in suicide prevention, but little is known about its prevalence and associated risk factors in Sub-Saharan Africa. In low income countries there is an increased risk of suicide among persons with HIV/AIDS even in the presence of the highly active antiretroviral therapy. Objective To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for youth suicidality among perinatally infected youth living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Methods We studied 392 HIV positive children (5–11 years) and adolescents (12–17 years) and their caregivers in Kampala and Masaka districts. Caregivers were administered the suicide assessment section of the MINI International Psychiatric Interview. Socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychosocial and clinical factors were assessed and suicidality (suicidal ideation and or suicidal attempt) was the outcome variable. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios adjusting for study site and sex at 95% confidence intervals. Results Caregivers reported a suicidality rate of 10.7% (CI 8–14.1) in the past one month with higher rates among urban female (12.4%, CI 8.6–17.7) than male (8.7%, CI 5.4–13.8) youth. Lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide was 2.3% (n = 9, CI 1.2–4.4) with the highest rates among urban female youth. Among children, caregivers reported a lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide of 1.5%. The self-reported rate of attempted suicide in the past month was 1.8% (n = 7, CI 0.8–3.7) with lifetime prevalence of 2.8% (n = 11, CI 1.6–5.0). The most common methods used during suicide attempts were cutting, taking overdose of HIV medications, use of organophosphates, hanging, stabbing and self-starvation. Clinical correlates of suicidality were low socioeconomic status (OR = 2.27, CI 1.06–4.87, p = 0.04), HIV felt stigma (OR = 2.10, CI 1.04–3.00, p = 0.02), and major depressive disorder (OR = 1.80, CI 0.48–2.10, p = 0.04). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was protective against suicidality (OR = 0.41, CI 0.18–0.92, p = 0.04). Conclusion The one-month prevalence of suicidality among CA-HIV was 10.7%.

scholarly journals Prediction of Unplanned Hospitalizations in Older Patients Treated with Chemotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Jaime Feliu ◽  
Enrique Espinosa ◽  
Laura Basterretxea ◽  
Irene Paredero ◽  
Elisenda Llabrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Receiver Operation Characteristic ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Score ◽  
Unplanned Hospitalizations

Purpose: To determine the incidence of unplanned hospitalization (UH) and to identify risk factors for UH in elderly patients with cancer who start chemotherapy. Methods: In all, 493 patients over 70 years starting new chemotherapy regimens were prospectively included. A pre-chemotherapy geriatric assessment was performed, and tumor and treatment variables were collected. The association between these factors and UH was examined by using multivariable logistic regression. Score points were assigned to each risk factor. Results: During the first 6 months of treatment, 37% of patients had at least one episode of UH. Risk factors were the use of combination chemotherapy at standard doses, a MAX2 index ≥1, a Charlson comorbidity score ≥2, albumin level <3.5 g/dL, falls in the past 6 months ≥1, and weight loss >5%. Three risk groups for UH were established according to the score in all patients: 0–1: 17.5%; 2: 34%; and 3–7: 57% (p < 0.001). The area under receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.67–0.77). Conclusion: This simple tool can help to reduce the incidence of UH in elderly patients with cancer who are scheduled to initiate chemotherapy treatment.

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