scholarly journals The Associations between Physical Fitness, Complex vs Simple Movement, and Academic Achievement in a Cohort of Fourth Graders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
Jong-Sik Ryu ◽  
Hae Ryong Chung ◽  
Benjamin M. Meador ◽  
Yongsuk Seo ◽  
Kyung-O Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Simple Movement ◽  
Academic Scores

This study analyzed the correlation between elementary school students’ body composition, physical activity, physical fitness, movement ability, and academic achievement. Movements ranged from simple actions to complex movements requiring executive functioning. In total, 110 fourth graders (60 boys, 50 girls) participated in this experiment. Body composition (BMI, % of body fat), physical activity (pedometer), physical fitness (muscular strength, endurance, power, flexibility, and VO2max), and complex movement abilities (Illinois Agility test, soda pop hand test, and soda pop foot test) were measured. Regression modeling of body composition and fitness/activity variables was able to account for 30.5% of the variation of total academic scores in females, but only 4.3% in males. No individual tests were reliably correlated with multiple academic outcomes in males. However, hand and foot soda pop times, as well as Illinois Agility scores, were repeatedly correlated with academic outcomes in females, each correlating with 4 of the 6 academic scores. Body composition and physical activity level did not correlate with academic achievement, and simple physical fitness showed a low correlation with academic achievement in both boys and girls. On the other hand, complex, cognitively demanding movements such as the Illinois Agility, soda pop hand, and soda pop foot tests had consistent correlations with academic achievement in girls, but not in boys.

Serum Myostatin Levels Are Higher in Fitter, More Active, and Non-Frail Long-Term Nursing Home Residents and Increase after a Physical Exercise Intervention

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritz Arrieta ◽  
Gotzone Hervás ◽  
Chloe Rezola-Pardo ◽  
Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Miren Iturburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Activity Level

Background: Myostatin has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for frailty and sarcopenia. However, the relationship of myostatin with these conditions remains inconclusive. Objective: To determine the association of serum myostatin concentration with body composition, physical fitness, physical activity level, and frailty in long-term nursing home residents. We also aimed to ascertain the effect of an exercise program on myostatin levels. Methods: We obtained study data on 112 participants from long-term nursing homes. Participants were randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group and performed a 6-month multicomponent exercise program. Serum myostatin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Assessments also included body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), physical activity level (accelerometry), and frailty (Fried frailty criteria, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Tilburg frailty indicator). Results: The concentration of myostatin at baseline was positively correlated with: a leaner body composition (p < 0.05), and a higher number of steps per day and light and moderate-vigorous physical activity in women (p < 0.005); greater upper and lower limb strength, endurance, and poorer flexibility (p < 0.05) in men; and better performance (less time) in the 8-ft timed up-and-go test in both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.005). We observed higher concentrations of serum myostatin in non-frail than in frail participants (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found that the implemented physical exercise intervention, which was effective to improve physical fitness, increased myostatin concentration in men (p < 0.05) but not in women. The improvements in physical condition were related with increases in serum myostatin only in men (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusions: Higher serum levels of myostatin were found to be associated with better physical fitness. The improvements in physical fitness after the intervention were positively related to increases in myostatin concentrations in men. These results seem to rule out the idea that high serum myostatin levels are indicative of frailty in long-term nursing home residents. However, although the direction of association was opposite to that expected for the function of myostatin, the use of this protein as a biomarker for physical fitness, rather than frailty, merits further study.

Associations of Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement Among Illinois High School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Marie Weemer ◽  
Olabode Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Relationship

The health benefits of physical activity are empirically supported and well accepted. However, the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and academic performance remains to be clearly established. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement among a sample of Illinois high school students. Analyses were based on the 2016–2017 school year Archival Fitnessgram physical fitness test scores and cumulative GPAs of ninth- through twelfth-grade students (N = 371). Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance. Multiple linear regression predicted students’ academic achievement. There was a positive association between total fitness and academic achievement, although not statistically significant, r (369) = .002, p = .49. The regression prediction model was statistically significant (p < .001) and accounted for approximately 25% of the variance in academic achievement (R2 = .256, adjusted R2 = .246). Academic achievement was predicted by total number of absences and gender, and to a lesser extent by socio­economic status, the curl-up, and ethnicity. The findings of this study suggest a positive association between physical fitness and academic achievement. These results are potentially relevant to the development of future education policies. Thus, policy makers, school administrators, and educators must use the knowledge gained in this study, along with existing research, as evidence to emphasize the importance of the fitness–academic link, to further support the need for quality physical education curriculum and mandated physical fitness testing.

scholarly journals THE RELATION AMONG THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL DURING LEISURE TIME, ANTHROPOMETRY, BODY COMPOSITION, AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF WOMEN UNDERWENT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY AND AN EQUIVALENT GROUP WITH NO SURGERY

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Machado de Oliveira TERRA ◽  
Caroline Ferraz SIMÕES ◽  
Anselmo Alexandre MENDES ◽  
Ronano Pereira OLIVEIRA ◽  
Rafaela Pilegi DADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Public

ABSTRACT Background: Bariatric surgery is an alternative to the obesity treatment. Aim: To compare anthropometric variables such as body composition and physical fitness of those who performed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods: Were evaluated 108 women. They were subdivided in three groups: those who performed the bariatric surgery by private health insurance (SAS, n=36); by the public health care (SUS, n=36), and an equivalent group which did not perform the surgery (NO, n=36). Were performed physical fitness, anthropometric and body composition tests. Was evaluated the level of physical activity during the leisure period. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups sedentary operated (n=28) and sedentary non-operated (n=13) on anthropometry and fat percentage, being the highest indexes in the group operated. Conclusion: The level of physical activity showed a positive influence related to anthropometric variables, body composition of the individuals who performed the bariatric surgery when compared to the ones non-operated.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Immune Responses and General Clinical Functions in Adult Patients with Mild to Moderate SARS-CoV-2 Infections—A Protocol for an Observational Prospective Follow-Up Investigation: Fit-COVID-19 Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13249
Author(s):  
Fábio Santos Lira ◽  
Telmo Pereira ◽  
Luciele Guerra Minuzzi ◽  
Caique Figueiredo ◽  
Tiago Olean-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Background: This proposal aims to explain some of the gaps in scientific knowledge on the natural history of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with a specific focus on immune, inflammatory, and metabolic markers, in parallel with temporal assessment of clinical and mental health in patients with COVID-19. The study will explore the temporal modulatory effects of physical activity and body composition on individual trajectories. This approach will provide a better understanding of the survival mechanisms provided by the immunomodulatory role of physical fitness. Methods: We will conduct a prospective observational cohort study including adult patients previously infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus who have expressed a mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Procedures will be conducted for all participants at baseline, six weeks after vaccination, and again at 12 months. At each visit, a venous blood sample will be collected for immune phenotypic characterization and biochemistry assays (inflammatory and metabolic parameters). Also, body composition, physical activity level, cardiovascular and pulmonary function, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, and mental health will be evaluated. Using the baseline information, participants will be grouped based on physical activity levels (sedentary versus active), body composition (normal weight versus overweight or obese), and SARS-CoV-2 status (positive versus negative). A sub-study will provide mechanistic evidence using an in-vitro assay based on well-trained individuals and age-matched sedentary controls who are negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whole blood will be stimulated using recombinant human coronavirus to determine the cytokine profile. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy well-trained participants will be collected and treated with homologous serum (from the main study; samples collected before and after the vaccine) and recombinant coronavirus (inactive virus). The metabolism of PBMCs will be analyzed using Respirometry (Seahorse). Data will be analyzed using multilevel repeated-measures ANOVA. Conclusions: The data generated will help us answer three main questions: (1) Does the innate immune system of physically active individuals respond better to viral infections compared with that of sedentary people? (2) which functional and metabolic mechanisms explain the differences in responses in participants with different physical fitness levels? and (3) do these mechanisms have long-term positive modulatory effects on mental and cardiovascular health? Trial registration number: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5dqvkv3. Registered on 21 September 2021.

scholarly journals Daily Physical Activity Patterns and Their Association With Health-Related Physical Fitness Among Aging Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 791-791
Author(s):  
Sari Stenholm ◽  
Anna Pulakka ◽  
Tuija Leskinen ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Olli Heinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Aging Workers

Abstract This study aimed to identify accelerometer measured daily physical activity patterns and to examine how they associate with health-related physical fitness among 258 participants (mean age 62.4 years, SD 1.0) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study. Wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer was used and health-related physical fitness measures included body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness. Based on latent class trajectory analysis, six different patterns of daily physical activity was identified on workdays and two on days off. Having low activity throughout the workday was associated with poorest health-related physical fitness, whereas a combination of low or moderate activity during working hours and increase of activity level in the evening was associated with most favorable body composition and better physical fitness compared to the other trajectories. In conclusion, a large variation in the workday physical activity patterns and health-related physical fitness was observed among aging workers.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Physical Activity Level With Body Composition And Physical Fitness Of Students From Ilhabela, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
José Matheus O. Estivaleti ◽  
Carolina Gonzalez ◽  
Tatiane Figueiredo ◽  
Maurício dos Santos ◽  
Luís Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirements During Training for Special Operation Forces – An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Rietjens ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Deafvon A.M.S.W. Frenken ◽  
Jasper Most
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: Responses to exercise training can vary greatly between individuals. For special operation forces, low responses to training can hamper performance. In this study, we objectively measured strength and fitness during special operation forces training, and assessed potential determinants of the training response. Methods: Twenty subjects were enrolled, and measurements were taken before and after a 9-week training program. Muscular strength was measured as one-repetition-maximum on four instruments, and physical fitness by the Cooper-test. Body composition was measured using deuterium dilution, physical activity by accelerometry and diet quality by food records. Level of significance was p<0.05.Results: During the 9-week training period, body strength increased by 0.33±0.24 N/kg (+7%, P<0.001, and physical fitness increased by 3.5±3.4 mL/min/kg (+6%, P=0.001). Gains in strength were inversely associated with strength at baseline, and positively with activity intensity during the training program. We observed no effect of training on body weight, but body composition was significantly different at follow-up as compared to baseline (16.9±2.5% to 14.9±2.5% body fat, P=0.03). Energy intake was 4491±506 kcal/d and energy balance was -243±306 kcal/d (P=0.04). Average physical activity level was 2.6±0.2 and the average duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 5:53±0:36h. Over time, physical activity did not change significantly. After adjustment for underreporting, intakes of vitamin C and D were insufficient on average and for most participants.Conclusions: Improvements in strength were modulated by strength prior to the intervention, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the training. Thus, compensatory declines in physical activity may hamper the effectiveness of the exercise program.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Level Using Doubly-Labeled Water in Relation to Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Leppänen ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Christine Delisle Nyström ◽  
Francisco Llorente-Cantarero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water

Background and objectives: There is a lack of studies investigating associations of physical activity level (PAL) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method with body composition and physical fitness in young children. Thus, we aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of PAL and AEE with body composition indices and physical fitness components in Swedish preschool children. Materials and methods: PAL was calculated as total energy expenditure measured using DLW divided by the predicted basal metabolic rate in 40 children aged 5.5 (standard deviation 0.2) years. AEE was calculated as total energy expenditure minus basal metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food, and divided by fat-free mass. Body composition was assessed using the 3-component model by combining measurements based on isotope dilution and air-displacement plethysmography. Physical fitness (muscular strength, motor fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness) was evaluated using the PREFIT test battery. Multiple linear regression models were conducted. Results: PAL and AEE were negatively associated with body mass index, percent body fat, and fat mass index (PAL: standardized β −0.35, −0.41, and −0.45, all p < 0.036; AEE: standardized β −0.44, −0.44, and −0.47, all p < 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, PAL and AEE were positively associated with the standing long jump test (PAL: standardized β 0.37, p = 0.017; AEE: standardized β 0.38, p = 0.014). There were no statistically significant associations found regarding PAL or AEE with fat-free mass index or any other physical fitness test. Conclusions: Greater PAL and AEE at the age 5.5 were significantly associated with body fatness and improved lower-body muscular strength. Therefore, increasing physical activity, and thus energy expenditure, at young ages may be beneficial for preventing overweight/obesity. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results.

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