scholarly journals Healthcare Costs Associated with Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes among 1.85 Million Adults in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3693
Author(s):  
Jun-Hui Wu ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
Zi-Jing Wang ◽  
Yi-Qun Wu ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Claim Data ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medical Claim ◽  
Medical Claim Data

We aimed to provide reliable regression estimates of expenditures associated with various complications in type 2 diabetics in China. In total, 1,859,039 type 2 diabetes patients with complications were obtained from the Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees database from 2008 to 2016. We estimated costs for complications using a generalized estimating equation model adjusted for age, sex, and the incidence of various complications. The average total cost for diabetic patients with complications was 17.12 thousand RMB. Prescribed drugs accounted for 63.4% of costs. We observed a significant increase in costs in the first year after the onset of complications. Compared with costs before the incidence of complications, the additional costs per person in the first year and >1 year after the event would be 10,631.16 RMB and 1150.71 RMB for cardiovascular disease, 1017.62 RMB and 653.82 RMB for cerebrovascular disease, and 301.14 RMB and 624.00 RMB for kidney disease, respectively. The estimated coefficients for outpatient visits were relatively lower than those of inpatient visits. Complications in diabetics exert a significant impact on total healthcare costs in the first year of their onset and in subsequent years. Our estimates may assist policymakers in quantifying the economic burden of diabetes complications.

scholarly journals Dinamika massy tela u bol'nykh sakharnymdiabetom 2 tipa v techenie pervogo godainsulinoterapii

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sh Dzhavakhishvili ◽  
T I Romantsova ◽  
O V Roik
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Insulin Requirement ◽  
Insulin Analogues ◽  
First Year ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The aim of this study was to determine changes in weight and insulin requirements in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with normal and elevated body mass index (BMI) during the first year after initiating the insulin therapy with insulin analogues or human insulins, respectively. Materials and methods: a total of 157 patients with insulin naive type 2 diabetes were included in the study. The patients were divided in two groups. First group consisted of subjects [mean age 57 (45 to 73), duration of diabetes of 10 years (4 to 16)] prescribed a long-acting basal (glargine, detemir), premixed (biphasic insulin Aspart 30, Humalog Mix 25) or short-acting (aspart, lispro) insulin analogues. Patients from second group [mean age 59 (46 to 75), duration of diabetes for 10 years (5 to 15)] were treated with intermediate- acting basal (Protophane, Humulin NPH), premixed (biphasic human insulin 30, Humulin M3) and regular (Actrapid, Humulin R) human insulins. Each of these two groups was divided into three subgroups depending on the baseline body mass index (BMI) of the patients: 18,5-24,9; 25-29 and ≥30. At the beginning of insulin therapy and 12 months later, we compared HbA1c, BMI, waist circumference and required insulin doses in each group. Results: our study results showed that under comparable metabolic control the risk for weight gain and increase in insulin requirement is similar in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with normal and elevated BMI. Use of insulin analogues for treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with normal and elevated BMI results in better glycaemic control, less weight gain, smaller increase in insulin requirement and waist circumference compared to human insulins during the first year of insulin therapy.

scholarly journals Influence of the dynamics of body weight on the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes during the first year of insulin treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
T S Dzhavakhishvili ◽  
T I Romantsova ◽  
O V Roik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Insulin Analogues ◽  
First Year ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether insulin treatment-induced weight gain had an adverse impact on cardiovascular risk factors in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients during the first year after initiating insulin therapy when insulin analogues or human insulins are used. A total of 157 patients with newly insulinized type 2 diabetes were included in the study. The patients were divided in two groups. First group consisted of subjects (mean age 57 [45; 73], duration of diabetes of 10 years [4; 16]) who had received long-acting basal (glargine, detemir), premixed (biphasic insulin aspart 30, Humalog Mix 25) or short-acting (aspart, lispro) insulin analogues. Patients from second group (mean age 59 [46; 75], duration of diabetes of 10 years [5; 15]) were treated with intermediate-acting basal (Protophane, Humulin NPH insulin), premixed (biphasic human insulin 30, Humulin M3) and regular (Actrapid, Humulin R) human insulins. Our study has shown that insulin-induced weight gain may not adversely affect cardiovascular risk factors, particularly, lipid profile, in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients during the first year after initiating insulin therapy. Use of insulin analogues for treatment of type 2 diabetes patients results in better glycaemic control, significant declines in blood lipid concentrations, less increase in waist circumference compared with human insulins during the first year after initiating insulin therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of longitudinal health check-up data

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e019589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Hurst ◽  
Haruhisa Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Normal Speed

ObjectiveFew studies have examined the causal relationships between lifestyle habits and obesity. With a focus on eating speed in patients with type 2 diabetes, this study aimed to analyse the effects of changes in lifestyle habits on changes in obesity using panel data.MethodsPatient-level panel data from 2008 to 2013 were generated using commercially available insurance claims data and health check-up data. The study subjects comprised Japanese men and women (n=59 717) enrolled in health insurance societies who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during the study period. Body mass index (BMI) was measured, and obesity was defined as a BMI of 25 or more. Information on lifestyle habits were obtained from the subjects’ responses to questions asked during health check-ups. The main exposure of interest was eating speed (‘fast’, ‘normal’ and ‘slow’). Other lifestyle habits included eating dinner within 2 hours of sleeping, after-dinner snacking, skipping breakfast, alcohol consumption frequency, sleep adequacy and tobacco consumption. A generalised estimating equation model was used to examine the effects of these habits on obesity. In addition, fixed-effects models were used to assess these effects on BMI and waist circumference.ResultsThe generalised estimating equation model showed that eating slower inhibited the development of obesity. The ORs for slow (0.58) and normal-speed eaters (0.71) indicated that these groups were less likely to be obese than fast eaters (P<0.001). Similarly, the fixed-effects models showed that eating slower reduced BMI and waist circumference. Relative to fast eaters, the coefficients of the BMI model for slow and normal-speed eaters were −0.11 and −0.07, respectively (P<0.001).DiscussionChanges in eating speed can affect changes in obesity, BMI and waist circumference. Interventions aimed at reducing eating speed may be effective in preventing obesity and lowering the associated health risks.

scholarly journals Managing Obesity and Glucose Intolerance with Bariatric Surgery, An Experience in Birdem General Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Amreen Faruq ◽  
Muhd Mustaque Husain ◽  
SM Abu Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
The Mean

Background: Weight reduction is the cornerstone for managing obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Bariatric surgery, a concept used worldwide and recently introduced in Bangladesh is effective in achieving significant weight loss, improving and resolving comorbidities.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study thirty cases in whom bariatric surgery was carried out in the Department of Surgery in BIRDEM General Hospital were purposively sample for analysis.Results: Thirty patients were operated of whom 3 were male and 27 female with the mean age of 40 years. Preoperative mean BMI was 47.1 kg/m2, 83% patients had diabetes, 60% had hypertension. Twenty eight patients underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, 1 gastric bypass and 1 open near-total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. Postoperative mean BMI achieved was 34.4 kg/m2. in the first year. Fifty two percent of the diabetic patients are now in good glycemic control with minimum drugs and 48% are in complete resolution.Conclusion: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus can be managed successfully with bariatric surgery.Birdem Med J 2014; 4(2): 70-73

Association of Major Dietary Patterns with General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Ghane Basiri ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Mahmood Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ◽  
Neda Noorshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽  
Pardeep Agarwal ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Ramkishan Jat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

Recent Developments in Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors for Management of Type-2 Diabetes: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2510-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashir Usman ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Saurabh Satija ◽  
Meenu Mehta ◽  
Manish Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Poor Patient ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Poor Patient Compliance ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

The incidence of diabetes has increased globally in recent years and figures of diabetic patients were estimated to rise up to 642 million by 2040. The disorder is accompanied with various complications if not managed at the early stages, and interlinked high mortality rate and morbidity with time. Different classes of drugs are available for the management of type 2 diabetes but were having certain limitations of their safety. Alphaglucosidase is a family of enzyme originated from the pancreas which plays a role in the anabolism of 80-90% of carbohydrate consumed into glucose. This glucose is absorbed into the blood and results in frank postprandial hyperglycemia and worsens the conditions of diabetic patients which precipitate complications. Inhibition of these enzymes helps to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia and the formation of glycated end products. Alphaglucosidase inhibitors are reported to be more important in adequate control of type 2, but marketed drugs have various side effects, such as poor patient compliance and also expensive. This proves the needs for other class of drugs with better efficacy, safety, patient compliance and economic. In this review, we have emphasized the recent advances in the field of new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with improved safety and pharmacological profile.

scholarly journals Functional Cereal Products in the Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ada Krawęcka ◽  
Aldona Sobota ◽  
Emilia Sykut-Domańska
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Cereal Products

Type 2 diabetes has become one of the major health problems of the modern world. It is assumed that environmental factors have a significant impact on the development of the disease, and great importance is ascribed to the diet, which can be modified accordingly. The diet can exert prophylactic and therapeutic effects; changes in the diet in advanced disease can improve the quality of life of diabetic patients and minimise the risk of complications, which are the direct cause of diabetes-related death. Functional food, which has a potentially health-enhancing effect in addition to its nutritional value, has been increasingly recognised and required. Cereal products are crucial in diabetic nutrition. Their function can additionally be enhanced by fortification with compounds with proven hypoglycaemic effects. Pasta has a low glycaemic index and is a good carrier of fortifying substances; hence, it can be highly recommended in diets for diabetic patients.

Metabolic and endothelial effects of trimetazidine on forearm skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic cardiomyopathy

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (1) ◽  
pp. E54-E59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilla D. Monti ◽  
Emanuela Setola ◽  
Gabriele Fragasso ◽  
Riccardo P. Camisasca ◽  
Pietro Lucotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Endothelin 1

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged inhibition of β-oxidation on glucose and lipid muscle forearm metabolism and cGMP and endothelin-1 forearm release in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Fifteen patients were randomly allocated in a double-blind cross-over parallel study with trimetazidine (20 mg tid) or placebo lasting 15 days. At the end of each period, all patients underwent euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps with forearm indirect calorimetry and endothelial balance of vasodilator and vasoconstricor factors. Compared with placebo, trimetazidine induced 1) an increase in insulin-induced forearm glucose uptake and glucose oxidation accompained by a reduction in forearm lipid oxidation and citrate release and 2) a decrease of endothelin-1 release paralleled by a significant increase in forearm cGMP release. Forearm glucose oxidation significantly correlated with cGMP release ( r = 0.37, P < 0.04), whereas forearm lipid oxidation positively correlated with endothelin-1 release ( r = 0.40, P < 0.03). In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated that insulin-induced forearm glucose oxidation and forearm cGMP release were increased whereas forearm endothelin-1 release was decreased during trimetazidine treatment. Muscle's metabolic and vascular effects of trimetazidine add new interest in the use of trimetazidine in type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

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