scholarly journals Athletes’ Self-Assessment of Urine Color Using Two Color Charts to Determine Urine Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4126
Author(s):  
Floris C. Wardenaar ◽  
Daniel Thompsett ◽  
Kaila A. Vento ◽  
Kathryn Pesek ◽  
Dean Bacalzo
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Athletic Population ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Sample Classification ◽  
Urine Color

Our objective was to determine self-reported accuracy of an athletic population using two different urine color (Uc) charts (8-color vs. 7-color Uc chart). After approval by the Institutional Review Board, members of an athletic population (n = 189, 20 (19–22) year old student- or tactical athletes and coaches, with n = 99 males and n = 90 females) scored their Uc using two charts. To determine the diagnostic value of Uc, results were compared with urine concentration (osmolality and urine specific gravity, USG). Uc was scored slightly darker with the 8-color vs. 7-color Uc chart (2.2 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 1.2, respectively, p < 0.001), with a moderate correlation between charts (r = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69–0.81). Bland-Altman analysis showed a weak reporting bias (r = 0.15, p = 0.04). The area under the curve for correct urine sample classification ranged between 0.74 and 0.86. Higher accuracy for both methods was found when Uc scores were compared to USG over osmolality, indicated by 4.8–14.8% range in difference between methods. The optimal Uc cut-off value to assess a low vs. a high urine concentration for both Uc charts varied in this study between 1 and ≤2 while accuracy for charts was similar up to 77% when compared to USG.

scholarly journals Performance of a Single Assay for Both Type III and Type VI TMPRSS2:ERG Fusions in Noninvasive Prediction of Prostate Biopsy Outcome

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2007-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrod P Clark ◽  
Kristofer W Munson ◽  
Jessie W Gu ◽  
Katarzyna Lamparska-Kupsik ◽  
Kevin G Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Gleason Grade ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Institutional Review

Abstract Background: TMPRSS2:ERG fusions are promising prostate cancer biomarkers. Because they can occur in multiple forms in a single cancer specimen, we developed a quantitative PCR test that detects both type III and type VI TMPRSS2:ERG fusions. The assay is quantified from a standard curve determined with a plasmid-cloned type III TMPRSS2:ERG fusion target. Methods: We collected expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) under an institutional review board-approved, blinded, prospective study from 74 patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy for prostate cancer. We compared the characteristic performance of the test for type III and type VI TMPRSS2:ERG fusions in predicting biopsy outcome and distinguishing between high and low Gleason scores with similar tests for the expression of PCA3 and DNA methylation levels of the APC, RARB, RASSF1, and GSTP1 genes. We used logistic regression to analyze the effects of multiple biomarkers in linear combinations. Results: Each test provided a significant improvement in characteristic performance over baseline digital rectal examination (DRE) plus serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA); however, the test for type III and type VI TMPRSS2:ERG fusions yielded the best performance in predicting biopsy outcome [area under the curve (AUC) 0.823, 95% CI 0.728–0.919, P &lt; 0.001] and Gleason grade &gt;7 (AUC 0.844, 95% CI 0.740–0.948, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Although each test appears to have diagnostic value, PSA plus DRE plus type III and type VI TMPRSS2:ERG provided the best diagnostic performance in EPS specimens.

scholarly journals The validity urine color scoring at different light conditions to assess low versus high urine concentration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris Wardenaar ◽  
Scott Armistead ◽  
Kayla Boeckman ◽  
Brooke Butterick ◽  
Darya Youssefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Condition ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Scoring Accuracy

Context: Urine color (Uc) is used to asses urine concentration when lab techniques are not feasible. Objective: To compare the accuracy of Uc scoring using four different light conditions and two different scoring techniques with a 7-color Uc chart. Additionally to assess the results' generalizability, a subsample was compared to scores obtained from fresh samples. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Samples: 178 previously frozen urine samples were scored and n=78 samples were compared to its own fresh outcomes. Main outcome measure: Urine color and accuracy for classifying urine samples were calculated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, allowing to compare the diagnostic capacity against a 1.020 urine specific gravity (USG) cut-off and defining optimal Uc cut-off value. Results: Uc was significantly different between light conditions (P&lt;0.01), with the highest accuracy (80.3%) of correctly classifications of low or high urine concentrations occurring at the brightest light condition. Lower light intensity scored 1.5–2 shades darker on a 7-color Uc scale than bright conditions (P&lt;0.001), with urine color but no further practical differences for accuracy between scoring techniques. Frozen was 0.5–1 shade darker than freshly measured Uc (P&lt;0.004), but they were moderately correlated (r=0.64). A Bland-Altman plot showed that reporting bias mainly affects darker Uc without impacting the diagnostic ability of the method. Conclusions: Uc scoring, accuracy and Uc cut-off values are affected by lighting condition but not by scoring technique, with higher accuracy and a one-shade lower Uc cut-off value at the brightest light (i.e. LED flashlight).

scholarly journals Sphingolipid Analysis Indicate Lactosylceramide as a Potential Biomarker of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Filimoniuk ◽  
Agnieszka Blachnio-Zabielska ◽  
Monika Imierska ◽  
Dariusz Marek Lebensztejn ◽  
Urszula Daniluk
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

An altered ceramide composition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of sphingolipids in the serum of treatment-naive children with newly diagnosed IBD and to determine the diagnostic value of the tested lipids in pediatric IBD. The concentrations of sphingolipids in serum samples were evaluated using a quantitative method, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in children with Crohn’s disease (CD) (n=34), ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 39), and controls (Ctr) (n = 24). Among the study groups, the most significant differences in concentrations were noted for C16:0-LacCer, especially in children with CD compared to Ctr or even to UC. Additionally, the relevant increase in C20:0-Cer and C18:1-Cer concentrations were detected in both IBD groups compared to Ctr. The enhanced C24:0-Cer level was observed only in UC, while C18:0-Cer only in the CD group. The highest area under the curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity were determined for C16:0-LacCer in CD diagnosis. Our results suggest that the serum LacC16-Cer may be a potential biomarker that distinguishes children with IBD from healthy controls and differentiates IBD subtypes. In addition, C20:0-Cer and C18:0-Cer levels also seem to be closely connected with IBD.

scholarly journals Diagnostic work up of anemic patients: role of iron deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Meiser ◽  
Lale Kayikci ◽  
Matthias Orth
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Reliable Parameter ◽  
Work Up

AbstractObjectivesDiagnosing disturbances in iron metabolism can be challenging when accompanied by inflammation. New diagnostic tools such as the “Thomas-plot” (TP) (relation of soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]/log ferritin to reticulocyte hemoglobin content [RET-He]) were established to improve classification of anemias. Aim of this retrospective study was to assess the added diagnostic value of the TP in anemia work up.MethodsPatients from December 2016 to September 2018 with a complete blood count, iron status, RET-He and sTfR were manually classified into the four quadrants of the TP on basis of conventional iron markers. Manual and algorithm-based classifications were compared using cross tabulations, Box–Whisker-Plots as well as Receiver-Operating-Characteristics (ROC) to calculate the diagnostic accuracy using Area under the Curve (AUC) analysis.ResultsA total of 3,745 patients with a conventional iron status, including 1,721 TPs, could be evaluated. In 70% of the cases the manual classification was identical to the TP, in 10% it was deviant. 20% could not clearly be classified, mostly due to inflammatory conditions. In the absence of an inflammatory condition, ferritin was a reliable parameter to define iron deficiency (ID) (AUC 0.958). In the presence of inflammation, the significance of the ferritin index (AUC 0.917) and of the RET-He (AUC 0.957) increased.ConclusionsThe TP can be useful for narrowing down the causes of anemia in complex cases. Further studies with focus on special patient groups, e.g., oncological or rheumatic patients, are desirable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of alpha-l-fucosidase for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xi ◽  
Chunqing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Review Manager

AbstractObjectivesThe main aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of alpha-l-fucosidase (AFU) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsStudies that explored the diagnostic value of AFU in HCC were searched in EMBASE, SCI, and PUBMED. The sensitivity, specificity, and DOR about the accuracy of serum AFU in the diagnosis of HCC were pooled. The methodological quality of each article was evaluated with QUADAS-2 (quality assessment for studies of diagnostic accuracy 2). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Review Manager 5 and Open Meta-analyst.ResultsEighteen studies were selected in this study. The pooled estimates for AFU vs. α-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of HCC in 18 studies were as follows: sensitivity of 0.7352 (0.6827, 0.7818) vs. 0.7501 (0.6725, 0.8144), and specificity of 0.7681 (0.6946, 0.8283) vs. 0.8208 (0.7586, 0.8697), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 7.974(5.302, 11.993) vs. 13.401 (8.359, 21.483), area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7968 vs. 0.8451, respectively.ConclusionsAFU is comparable to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC.

scholarly journals Availability of a Flavored Beverage and Impact on Children’s Hydration Status, Sleep, and Mood

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Michael R. Szymanski ◽  
Gabrielle E. W. Giersch ◽  
Margaret C. Morrissey ◽  
Courteney L. Benjamin ◽  
Yasuki Sekiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Urine Color

Euhydration remains a challenge in children due to lack of access and unpalatability of water and to other reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine if the availability/access to a beverage (Creative Roots®) influences hydration in children and, therefore, sleep quality and mood. Using a crossover investigation, 46 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or an intervention group and received Creative Roots® (INT) for two-week periods. We recorded daily first morning and afternoon urine color (Ucol), thirst perception, and bodyweight of the two groups. Participants reported to the lab once per week and provided first morning urine samples to assess Ucol, urine specific gravity (USG), and urine osmolality (Uosmo). Participants also completed the questionnaires Profile of Mood States-Adolescents (POMS-a) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dependent t-tests were used to assess the effects of the intervention on hydration, mood, and sleep quality. Uosmo was greater and Ucol was darker in the control group (mean ± SD) [Uosmo: INT = 828 ± 177 mOsm·kg−1, CON = 879 ± 184 mOsm·kg−1, (p = 0.037], [Ucol:INT = 5 ± 1, CON = 5 ± 1, p = 0.024]. USG, POMS-a, and PSQI were not significant between the groups. At-home daily afternoon Ucol was darker in the control group [INT = 3 ± 1, CON = 3 ± 1, p = 0.022]. Access to Creative Roots® provides a small, potentially meaningful hydration benefit in children. However, children still demonstrated consistent mild dehydration based on Uosmo, despite consuming the beverage.

Urine β-2-glycoprotein 1 as a biomarker for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110142
Author(s):  
Jung Sun Lee ◽  
Eun-Ju Lee ◽  
Jeonghun Yeom ◽  
Ji Seon Oh ◽  
Seokchan Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Asan Medical

Objective The need for a biomarker with robust sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unmet. Compared with blood samples, urine samples are more easily collected; thus, we aimed to identify such a biomarker based on urinary proteomics which could distinguish patients with SLE from healthy controls (HCs). Methods Urine samples were collected from 76 SLE patients who visited rheumatology clinic in 2019 at Asan medical center and from 25 HCs. Urine proteins were analyzed using sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra-mass spectrometry, and the candidate marker was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of the candidate biomarker. Results Of 1157 proteins quantified, 153 were differentially expressed in urine samples from HCs. Among them were previously known markers including α-1-acid glycoprotein 1, α-2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase. Moreover, the amount of β-2 glycoprotein (APOH) was increased in the urine of patients with SLE. The ELISA results also showed the level of urine APOH was higher in patients with SLE than in HCs and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, the level was not different between SLE patients with and without nephritis. The urine APOH had an area under the curve value of 0.946 at a cut-off value of 228.53 ng/mg (sensitivity 91.5%, specificity 92.0%) for the diagnosis of SLE. Conclusion The results indicate that the urine APOH level can be an appropriate screening tool in a clinical setting when SLE is suspected.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of C-Reactive Protein in Discrimination between Uncomplicated and Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Yana Kogan ◽  
Edmond Sabo ◽  
Majed Odeh
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Parapneumonic Effusion ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion

Objectives: The role of serum C-reactive protein (CRPs) and pleural fluid CRP (CRPpf) in discriminating uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UCPPE) from complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE) is yet to be validated since most of the previous studies were on small cohorts and with variable results. The role of CRPs and CRPpf gradient (CRPg) and of their ratio (CRPr) in this discrimination has not been previously reported. The study aims to assess the diagnostic efficacy of CRPs, CRPpf, CRPr, and CRPg in discriminating UCPPE from CPPE in a relatively large cohort. Methods: The study population included 146 patients with PPE, 86 with UCPPE and 60 with CPPE. Levels of CRPs and CRPpf were measured, and the CRPg and CRPr were calculated. The values are presented as mean ± SD. Results: Mean levels of CRPs, CRPpf, CRPg, and CRPr of the UCPPE group were 145.3 ± 67.6 mg/L, 58.5 ± 38.5 mg/L, 86.8 ± 37.3 mg/L, and 0.39 ± 0.11, respectively, and for the CPPE group were 302.2 ± 75.6 mg/L, 112 ± 65 mg/L, 188.3 ± 62.3 mg/L, and 0.36 ± 0.19, respectively. Levels of CRPs, CRPpf, and CRPg were significantly higher in the CPPE than in the UCPPE group (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was found between the two groups for levels of CRPr (p = 0.26). The best cut-off value calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for discriminating UCPPE from CPPE was for CRPs, 211.5 mg/L with area under the curve (AUC) = 94% and p < 0.0001, for CRPpf, 90.5 mg/L with AUC = 76.3% and p < 0.0001, and for CRPg, 142 mg/L with AUC = 91% and p < 0.0001. Conclusions: CRPs, CRPpf, and CRPg are strong markers for discrimination between UCPPE and CPPE, while CRPr has no role in this discrimination.

scholarly journals P0614URINARY EXOSOMAL MICRORNA-21 AS A MARKER OF SCRUB TYPHUS-ASSOCIATED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
In O Sun ◽  
Kwang Young Lee ◽  
A Young Cho
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exosomal Mirna

Abstract Background and Aims Urinary microRNA (miRNA)-21 is reported to be a biomarker for detection of acute kidney injury (AKI). Analysis of urinary exsome may serve as a novel diagnostic approach in kidney disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of urinary exosomal miRNA-21 for AKI in patients with scrub typhus. Method In a cross-sectional study, we collected 138 urine samples at the time of admission from 145 patients with scrub typhus. For 25 patients with scrub typhus-associated AKI and 25 age, sex-matched scrub typhus patient without AKI, we measured miRNA-21 in urinary exosomal fraction and compared diagnostic value in predictiong AKI. Results Compared with patients in the non-AKI group, patients in the AKI group were more likely to have one or more comorbidity such as diabetes (50% vs. 5%, P&lt;0.01) and chronic kidney disease (8% vs. 0%, P&lt;0.01). Total leukocyte count were higher in patients with AKI than in those without AKI (10.40 × 103/ mL vs. 6.40 × 103/mL, P&lt;0.01). The levels of urinary miRNA-21 were higher in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group. Urinary exosomal miRNA-21 levels correlated directly with serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values and total leukocyte counts and inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate. The receiver operator characteristics curve analysis for urinary exosomal miRNA-21 showed good discriminative power for the diagnosis of scrub typhus-associated AKI, with area under the curve value of 0.907. Conclusion Urinary exosomal miRNA-21 could be a surrogate markers for the diagnosis of scrub typhus–associated AKI.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Vaginal Microecology, Serum miR-18a, and PD-L1 for Identifying HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382199528
Author(s):  
Yumei Zhang ◽  
Sujuan Qiu ◽  
Yueli Guo ◽  
Jiaqin Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Programmed Death

Objective: We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the vaginal microecology, serum miR-18a, and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) for human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cervical cancer. Methods: Eighty-four patients with HPV-positive cervical cancer were assigned to the observation group, 107 HPV-positive patients without cervical cancer were assigned to the positive group, and 191 healthy women were assigned to the control group. Vaginal microecology and serum levels of miR-18a and PD-L1 on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were compared among the 3 groups. The observation group was further divided into subgroups according to patients’ characteristics for comparison. The diagnostic value of miR-18a and PD-L1 for HPV-positive cervical cancer was investigated. Results: Women in the control group had better vaginal microecology and lower levels of miR-18a and PD-L1 than those in the observation and the positive groups (all P < 0.05). Compared with the positive group, the observation group had similar vaginal microecology (all P > 0.05) but higher levels of miR-18a and PD-L1 (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the patients at stage III had higher levels of miR-18a and PD-L1 than those at stage I and II (all P < 0.05). The values of area under the curve for miR-18a and PD-L1 in the diagnosis of HPV-positive cervical cancer were over 0.8 (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with HPV-positive cervical cancer have vaginal microbial dysbiosis and high serum levels of miR-18a and PD-L1. miR-18a and PD-L1 have diagnostic value for identifying HPV-positive cervical cancer.

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