scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Inefficiency Spillover Effects in European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4479
Author(s):  
Levent Kutlu ◽  
Ran Wang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
Over Time

In our study, we examine whether spatial spillover effects exist for greenhouse gas emission efficiency for 38 European countries between 2005 and 2014. We find that inefficiencies of other countries would lead to lower efficiency levels for a country. This negative inefficiency spillover effect goes down till 2008 then goes up till 2011, then stays relatively stable after 2011. Any strategy to reduce inefficiencies of other countries could potentially improve the efficiency levels. We find that human development index shows significant positive impact on greenhouse gas emission efficiency levels. In particular, one standard deviation increase in human development index would lead to a 11.12 percentage points increase in the greenhouse gas emission efficiencies on average. Different countries show different efficiency levels and efficiency growth patterns over time. However, the pattern of spatial spillover is quite similar among all countries over time.

scholarly journals Diversity of greenhouse gas emission drivers across European countries since the 2008 crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1067-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Perrier ◽  
Céline Guivarch ◽  
Olivier Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gas Emission

scholarly journals Unmet needs of child and adolescent psychiatrists among Asian and European countries: does the Human Development Index (HDI) count?

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Sourander ◽  
Roshan Chudal ◽  
Norbert Skokauskas ◽  
Ahmed Malallah Al-Ansari ◽  
Anat Brunstein Klomek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Development Index

scholarly journals Variations in the Incidence and Mortality of Ovarian Cancer and Their Relationship with the Human Development Index in European Countries in 2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mohammadian ◽  
Mahin Ghafari ◽  
Bahman Khosravi ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Mohammad Aryaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
National Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has high incidence and mortality rates among the reproductive system cancers. This study investigated the relationship between the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of OC and Human Development Index (HDI) in European countries in 2012. Methods: This ecological study assessed the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components including life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and gross national income (GNI) per capita. Bivariate correlation analysis was used for assessing the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components. All reported P values were two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc.). Results: The maximum ASIR of OC was observed in Latvia, Bulgaria, and Poland. The highest ASMR of OC was observed in Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The incidence and mortality rates of OC are expected to increase between 2012 and 2035. This increase will be more pronounced in women ≥ 65 years. HDI had a weak negative correlation with the ASIR of OC (r=- 0.213; P=0.186) and a weak positive correlation with the ASMR of OC (r=0.072; P=0.659). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, health policy makers must make appropriate decisions to deal with the increasing morbidity and mortality of OC, especially in women over 65 years of age, in regions with lower access to prevention and treatment services.

scholarly journals Technical note: On comparing greenhouse gas emission metrics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Enting ◽  
Nathan Clisby
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Many metrics for comparing greenhouse gas emissions can be expressed as an instantaneous Global Warming Potential multiplied by the ratio of airborne fractions calculated in various ways. The Forcing Equivalent Index (FEI) provides a specification for equal radiative forcing at all times at the expense of generally precluding point by point equivalence over time. The FEI can be expressed in terms of asymptotic airborne fractions for exponentially growing emissions. This provides a reference against which other metrics can be compared.

An evaluation of greenhouse gas emission efficiency in China's industry based on SFA

2019 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 1190-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchao Sun ◽  
Tao Du ◽  
Wenqiang Sun ◽  
Hongming Na ◽  
Jianfei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Efficiency

scholarly journals Provincial Comparison of Development Status in Nepal: An Analysis of Human Development Trend for 1996 to 2026

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Dhungel
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
National Average ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Base Data ◽  
Over Time

The present study examines the status of Human Development Index (HDI) for 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011 for seven provinces of Nepal and projected for 2016, 2021, 2026. Base data are obtained from Nepal Human Development Reports (HDR)1998, 2004, 2009 and 2014. The HDI value for the Province 1, 3, 4 and 5 are relatively higher than national average and that for Province 6 is least followed by Province 2 and Province 7. The largest HDI value for 1996 is 0.499 for Province 1, in 2001 is 0.508 for Province 4, in2006 is 0.558 for Province 3 and in 2011is 0.560 for Province. The estimated value for 2016 is 0.578 for Province 1, 0.60 in 2021. Province 1 will continue to lead with 0.622 in 2026. Meanwhile Province 5 will join the club in 2021. Similarly, the lowest HDI value for 1996 is 0.364 for Province 6 and it is lowest for Province 7, in 2001 with value of 0.364. HDI is 0.44 for Province 6, in 2006, and same province is at the lowest rank with value of 0.463 in 2011. Estimated lowest HDI value for 2016 is 0.486 for Province 6, and it will be 0.509 in 2021, and it will be 0.531 in 2026 for this Province. There is smooth growth on HDI over time i.e. impact of investment for development have positive result in Province 3, Province 4 and Province 6, followed by Province 1 and Province 7. Inconsistent growth is observed in Province 5 and Province 2.

scholarly journals The relationship between macro-socioeconomics determinants and COVID-19 vaccine distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-664
Author(s):  
Ali Roghani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Successful Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Distribution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

<abstract> <p>Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread globally, many countries have started vaccinations at the end of December 2020. This research examines the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine distribution and two macro-socioeconomics measures, including human development index and gross domestic product, among 25 countries for two points in time, including February and August 2021. The COVID-19 dataset is a collection of the COVID-19 data maintained by Our World in Data. It is a daily updated dataset and includes confirmed cases, vaccinations, deaths, and testing data. Ordinary Least Squares was applied to examine how macro-socioeconomic measures predict the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine over time.</p> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The results indicate that a higher gross domestic product per capita is positively associated with higher COVID-19 vaccine distribution, and this relationship becomes more robust over time. However, some countries may have more successful vaccine distribution results regardless of their gross domestic product. In addition, the result shows human development index does not have a significant relationship with vaccine distribution.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Economic measures may be counted as a more vital indicator for vaccine distribution as they have a more direct relationship distribution with health infrastructure than social measures such as human development index.</p> </sec></abstract>

scholarly journals European Countries Ranking and Clustering Solution by Children’s Physical Activity and Human Development Index Using Entropy-Based Methods

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Krylovas ◽  
Natalja Kosareva ◽  
Stanislav Dadelo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Recursive Procedure ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Criteria Weights

The aim of the present study is to propose a new approach for evaluating and comparing European countries using indicators of the children physical activity and the human development index. The Global Matrix 3.0 on physical activity for children and youth and human development index data on the 18 European countries were used. MADM (multi-attribute decision making) approach was applied for this task. The criteria weights calculated by applying the weight balancing method—weight balancing indicator ranks accordance (WEBIRA). New methodology of interval entropy is proposed for determining the priority of criteria separately in each group. The novel approach of α-cuts for recursive procedure of ranking the alternatives was used. For comparison, three alternative entropy-based methods—entropy method for determining the criterion weight (EMDCW), method of criteria impact LOSs and determination of objective weights (CILOS) and integrated determination of objective criteria weights (IDOCRIW) were applied to address this MADM problem. Cluster analysis of European countries carried out using results obtained by all above methods. Comparison of the MADM methods revealed that three alternative methods assigned negligible values to whole group of criteria. Meanwhile, WEBIRA family methods performed the ranking of European countries according to the interrelation of the two groups of criteria in a balanced way. Thus, when addressing MADM tasks with two or more naturally related sets of criteria, it is appropriate to apply criteria adapted for that purpose, such as WEBIRA.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Composition of HDI in European Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Maria-Lenuţa Ciupac-Ulici
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Comprehensive Indicator

Abstract Human Development Index (HDI) measures development in a country by combining indicators of life expectancy, education level and income. In 2013, 187 countries were included in this index, which aims to expand the coverage area as additional statistics become more available. HDI, which is published by UNDP, may be the most comprehensive indicator, but it is not fully compatible enough to measure the human development level in a global perspective. Human Development Index explicitly explains the development of a country as being more than an economic growth tool or material wealth. In this way, this index is distinguished from many other performance indicators. This article aims to analyze the proportion of the three indicators on 37 European countries.

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