scholarly journals Diagnostic Procedures, Diagnoses, and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Presumptive Tuberculosis Pleural Effusion in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5769
Author(s):  
Fazlkhan Abdugapparov ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Nargiza Parpieva ◽  
Sherali Massavirov ◽  
Anvar Riskiyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Multivariable Regression

Tuberculosis (TB) pleural effusion (TPE) is the second most common manifestation of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), which remains a great diagnostic challenge worldwide. In Uzbekistan, there has been no formal evaluation of the actual practices of diagnosing and treating TPE. Our cohort study therefore aimed to describe the frequency and types of different diagnostic procedures of TPE during 2017–2018 and assess the association of baseline characteristics and establish diagnostic methods with TB treatment outcomes. In total, 187 patients with presumptive TPE were assessed, and 149 had a confirmed diagnosis of TPE (other diagnoses included cancer n = 8, pneumonia n = 17, and 13 cases were unspecified). TB was bacteriologically confirmed in 22 (14.8%), cytologically confirmed in 64 (43.0%), and histologically confirmed in 16 (10.7%) patients. Hepatitis was the only co-morbidity significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes (RR 4.8; 95%CI: 1.44–15.98, p value 0.011). Multivariable regression analysis showed that drug-resistant TB was independently associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcome. (RR 3.83; 95%CI: 1.05–14.02, p value 0.04). Multidisciplinary approaches are required to maximize the diagnostic accuracy of TPE and minimize the chances of misdiagnosis. TPE patients with co-infections and those with drug resistance should be more closely monitored to try and ensure successful TB treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and TB treatment outcomes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An ambi-directional cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247945
Author(s):  
Zekariyas Sahile ◽  
Robel Tezera ◽  
Damen Haile Mariam ◽  
Jeffrey Collins ◽  
Jemal Haider Ali
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment

Background Remaining underweight during Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is associated with a higher risk of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes and relapse. Previous studies conducted in Ethiopia found that bodyweight not adjusted for height at the start of treatment is associated with poor treatment outcomes. However, the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight change during treatment with treatment outcomes has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the association of BMI at the time of diagnosis and after two months of treatment and TB treatment outcomes. Methods Using an ambi-directional cohort study design (retrospective and prospective), a total of 456 participants were enrolled among 30 randomly selected public health centers residing within six sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using medical chart abstraction and face to face interviews. We compared TB treatment outcomes in persons with a body mass index (BMI) <18.5kg/m2 (underweight) versus persons with BMI ≥18.5kg/m2 (normal or overweight) at treatment initiation and after two months of treatment. Treatment was classified as successful in persons who were free of symptoms and had a negative sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli at the end of the 6-month treatment course. We analysed outcomes using univariable and multivariable logistic regression with 95% CI and p value< 0.05. Results Of enrolled study participants, 184 (40.4%) were underweight and 272 (59.6%) were normal or overweight. Body mass index (BMI ≥18.5kg/m2) at the start and second month of treatment were independent predictors for successful treatment outcome (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.39) and (AOR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.29, 9.73), respectively. The probability of treatment success among patients with BMI≥18.5kg/m2 at the start and second month of treatment was 92.9% and 97.1%, respectively versus 86.5% and 91.7% in patients with BMI<18.5kg/m2. Bodyweight not adjusted for height and change in the bodyweight after the second and sixth months of treatment were not significantly associated with treatment success. Conclusion In persons treated for TB disease, being underweight at baseline and after two months of treatment was a predictor for unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Nutritional assessment, counselling, and management are important components of TB treatment programs with the potential to improve treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of “Transfer Out” TB Patients after Crosschecking Registers at Four Hospitals of Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia: 2011-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Haftamu Hailekiros ◽  
Mahmud Abdulkader Mahmud ◽  
Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
P Value ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Annual Cohort

Globally, transferring TB patients to another health unit for treatment continuation is common trend while posing challenges for proper treatment outcomes monitoring. National guidelines indicated the importance of incorporating the treatment outcomes of those cases by the transferring unit when performing annual cohort analysis. However, in most instances, this is not taken into account. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics and treatment outcomes of ‘transfer out’ TB cases during the time period between 2011 and 2015 at four Hospitals of Tigray: Ethiopia. Initial data was extracted from TB treatment logbooks of transferring units using standardize checklist that were followed by a visit to each of the receiving units. The generated data were entered and analyzed using SPSS v. 22.0. Descriptive statistics were computed. P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A total of 143 TB patients were transferred out during the specified time period whereas 73.4% (105/143) patients were traced and classified as “arrivals”. From these, more than three-quarters, 87.6% (92/105), of patients had a successful treatment outcome (5.7% cured and 81.9% completed treatment) while 13/105 (12.3%) had an unsuccessful outcome (2.8% defaulted, 5.7% died, 1.9% failed, and 1.9% transferred out). However, none of the transferring unit received and traced status of the cases. Therefore, regular monitoring is needed to improve the existing communication gap.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between integrated tuberculosis and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus therapy and tuberculosis treatment outcomes among adults in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Momo Kadia ◽  
Noah Fongwen Takah ◽  
Christian Akem Dimala ◽  
Victoria Simms
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: Despite the scale-up of programmes integrating treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), TB treatment outcomes in TB/HIV co-infected patients in the region remain sub-optimal.Objective: To summarize the available evidence on the association between integrated TB/HIV treatment and TB treatment outcomes specifically, successful treatment and all-cause mortality in TB/HIV co-infected adults in SSA.Method: A systematic review of studies published between March 2004 and 10 July 2019 was performed. Seven electronic databases including Medline, Embase and Cochrane were searched to identify interventional and observational quantitative studies reporting on integrated TB/HIV treatment in SSA. Two investigators independently screened the search output, reviewed the eligible studies, and rated the quality of eligible studies using quality assessment tools of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were derived using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. The confidence in the pooled ORs was rated using the GRADE. The final review was reported using the PRISMA.Results: Eleven studies including 4181 participants were retained. The studies were of moderate to good quality, with 10 being quasi-experimental and cohort. Pooling of relevant studies showed that the odds of treatment success with integration was 1.1 times (95% CI: 0.93-1.29; I2=74.5%; p-value for heterogeneity=0.001) the odds of treatment success without integration and the odds of mortality with integration was 1.27 (95% CI 1.02-1.59; I2=87.3%; p-value for heterogeneity<0.0001) times the odds of mortality without integration. On sensitivity analysis, the odds of mortality with integration decreased to 1.06 (95% CI: 0.83-1.34; I2=80.1%; p-value for heterogeneity<0.0001) times the odds of mortality without integration and there was strong evidence of an association between sample size variation and heterogeneity (p=0.01). Good quality studies (4/11) tended to support the effectiveness of integrated treatment in increasing successful outcomes and decreasing mortality. Certainty in the pooled ORs was low.Conclusion: Evidence on the effect of integrated TB/HIV treatment services on treatment success and all-cause mortality in TB/HIV co-infected patients in SSA is inconclusive but the few available good quality studies tend to favour the effectiveness of these services. More robust primary studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among Prisoners and General Population in Zomba, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hamilton Singano ◽  
Esther Kip ◽  
Wilson Ching’ani ◽  
Lawrence Chiwaula
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background TB remains a major global health problem. it is particularly prevalent in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa. Prisoners have experienced worse TB treatment outcomes than the general population. The researchers investigated the TB treatment outcomes and pre d ictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among prisoners and the general population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed TB registers of prisoners and the general population diagnosed with TB from January 2011 to December 2016 at Zomba Maximum Central Prison and Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. The study used routinely collected data extracted from national, standardized TB treatment monitoring tools. Successful treatment outcome was classified as the total for cured and completed treatment while unsuccessful treatment outcome was classified as the total of deaths and treatment failures. We used descriptive statistics to compare the demographics and TB treatment parameters among prisoners and non – prisoners and computed multivariate analysis to predict the independent factors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Results Of 1652 registered cases, 27% were prisoners (all males) and 72% were non-prisoners (58 % males). The median age was 35 years (IQR: 29 - 42); 76 % were Pulmonary TB cases (78 % among prisoners vs 75% among non-prisoners); 83 % were new TB cases (77% among prisoners vs 86% among non-prisoners); and 65 % were HIV positive (50 % among prisoners vs 71% among non – prisoners). Regarding treatment outcome, 1472 (89%) were cured and/or completed treatment (93% among prisoners vs 88 % among non – prisoners), 2 (0.2%) were treatment failures, 122 (8%) died (5 % among prisoners vs 8 % among non – prisoners) and 55 (3%) were not evaluated (1% among prisoners vs 4% among non – prisoners). Unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes were associated with age greater than 35 years (aOR = 0.68: 95% C.I: 0.58 – 0.80), Extra-Pulmonary TB (aOR=1.69: 95% C.I: 1.08 – 2.63) andHIV positive status (aOR = 0.63: 95 % C.I: 0.42 – 0.94). Conclusion Maximum prisons provide a stable population that can be easily monitored during TB treatment. Good TB treatment outcomes comparable to the general population can be achieved among prisoners despite the challenging prison conditions.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among Prisoners and General Population in Zomba, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hamilton Singano ◽  
Esther Kip ◽  
Wilson Ching’ani ◽  
Lawrence Chiwaula
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: TB remains a major global health problem. It is particularly prevalent in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa due to overcrowding, malnutrition, high HIV prevalence and insufficient medical services. Prisoners have experienced worse TB treatment outcomes than the general population. The researchers investigated the TB treatment outcomes and predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among prisoners and the general population in Zomba, Malawi. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed TB registers of prisoners and the general population diagnosed with TB from January 2011 to December 2016 at Zomba Maximum Central Prison and Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. The study used routinely collected data extracted from national, standardized TB treatment monitoring tools. Successful treatment outcome was classified as the total for cured and completed treatment while unsuccessful treatment outcome was classified as the total of deaths and treatment failures. We used descriptive statistics to compare the demographics and TB treatment parameters among prisoners and non – prisoners and computed multivariate analysis to predict the independent factors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes.Results : Of 1652 registered cases, 27% were prisoners (all males) and 72% were non-prisoners (58 % males). The median age was 35 years (IQR: 29 - 42); 76 % were Pulmonary TB cases (78 % among prisoners vs 75% among general population); 83 % were new TB cases (77% among prisoners vs 86% among general population); and 65 % were HIV positive (50 % among prisoners vs 71% among general population). Regarding treatment outcome, 1472 (89%) were cured and/or completed treatment (93% among prisoners vs 88 % among general population), 2 (0.2%) were treatment failures, 122 (8%) died (5 % among prisoners vs 8 % among general population) and 55 (3%) were not evaluated (1% among prisoners vs 4% among general population). Unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes were associated with age greater than 35 years (aOR = 0.68: 95% C.I: 0.58 – 0.80), Extra-Pulmonary TB (aOR=1.69: 95% C.I: 1.08 – 2.63) andHIV positive status (aOR = 0.63: 95 % C.I: 0.42 – 0.94).Conclusion: Maximum prisons provide a stable population that can be easily monitored throughout the course of TB treatment. Good TB treatment outcomes which are comparable to the general population can be achieved among Malawian prisoners despite the challenging prison conditions.

scholarly journals Catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis worsen treatment outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 666-673
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fuady ◽  
Tanja A J Houweling ◽  
Muchtaruddin Mansyur ◽  
Erlina Burhan ◽  
Jan Hendrik Richardus
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background While the incidence of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis (TB) remains high, there is little evidence about their impact on TB treatment outcomes and adherence. We assessed their effect on treatment outcomes and adherence in Indonesia. Methods We interviewed 282 adult TB patients who underwent TB treatment in urban, suburban and rural districts of Indonesia. One year after the interview, we followed up treatment adherence and outcomes. We applied multivariable analysis using generalized linear mixed models. Results Follow-up was complete for 252/282 patients. Eighteen (7%) patients had unsuccessful treatment and 40 (16%) had poor adherence. At a threshold of 30% of annual household income, catastrophic costs negatively impacted treatment outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.15 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.15 to 15.01]). At other thresholds, the associations showed a similar pattern but were not statistically significant. The association between catastrophic costs and treatment adherence is complex because of reverse causation. After adjustment, catastrophic costs negatively affected treatment adherence at the 10% and 15% thresholds (aOR 2.11 [95% CI 0.97 to 4.59], p = 0.059 and aOR 2.06 [95% CI 0.95 to 4.46], p = 0.07). There was no evidence of such an effect at other thresholds. Conclusions Catastrophic costs negatively affect TB treatment outcomes and treatment adherence. To eliminate TB, it is essential to mitigate catastrophic costs.

A retrospective study on Tuberculous Lymphadenitis; A retrospective finding from multicenters referal hospitals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ghouse Mohiuddin ◽  
Siti Maisharah ◽  
Orwa Albitar ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Amer Hayat Khan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Multiple Variables

Abstract Background Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) represents about 14% of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia. The aims of the study include evaluation of socio-demographic factors, clinical manifestations, co-morbidities among patients with Tuberculous Lymphadenitis and their treatment outcomes.Methods The retrospective study was conducted from 2006 to 2008. Data on socio-demographic along with histopathological results were collected. Signs and symptoms were also recorded from TB registers, treatment cards and TB medical personal files using standard data collection tool. Among multiple variables significant factors identified by univariate analysis, were included in multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The statistically significant p value was considered as < 0.05.Results There were 348 (57%) males and on the other hand 262 (43%) females which shows almost equal incidence rate of Lymphadenitis in both genders. Mean age was found as 34.3 ± 14.6 years were majorly reported with positive diagnosis. 196 (32.1%) Malay was found with Tuberculous lymphadenitis followed by Chinese population of 148 (24.3%). Geographically from 386 (63.3%) urban population were found positive for lymphadenitis and over 224 (36.7%) of rural region. treatment outcome was observed 444 (72.8%) with successful treatment. WHO states the types of treatment failures and accordingly 85 (13.9%) patients were continued with the therapy that can be due to non-compliance or relapse of Tb. Among unsuccessful outcomes 194 patients of age group 26 -35 years, 65 (33.5%) were reported and 38 (29.7%) patients out of 128 between 16 – 25 years. Blood results showed erythrocyte sedimentation rate greater than 10 in 280 (45.9%) patients. Therefore, among 280 there were 115 (41.1%) patients found to have unsuccessful treatment showing strong association with p-value of <0.001.Conclusion Finding signifies that effect of weight loss on poor treatment outcomes` and active screening measures for patients with comorbidities are therefore recommended in patients with Tb lymphadenitis along with improvements in the diagnosis and early management of co-morbidities complications. As young age group were found to have poor or unsuccessful treatment outcomes and required aggressive strategy together with educating patients can further increase the treatment success rate.

scholarly journals Trends of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes of Notified Cases in Three Refugee Camps in Sudan: A Four-year Retrospective Analysis, 2014–2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegay Legesse ◽  
Mohammed Hussein Elduma ◽  
Nagi Masoud Awad ◽  
Mousab Siddig Elhag ◽  
Israa Abushama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Treatment Success Rate ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: Refugees are vulnerable to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Tracking of program performance is needed to improve TB care and prevention. The objective of this study was to assess the trends of TB treatment outcomes of notified cases in three refugee camps in Sudan from 2014 to 2017. Methods: This study was a historical cohort study. Sex, age, type of TB, TB patient category, and treatment outcome of all TB cases registered in three refugee camps (Al Kashafa, Shagarab, Wadsherify) from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017 were collected from the TB register. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore factors for unsuccessful TB treatment. Results: A total of 710 TB cases of which 53.4% were men, 22.1% children (<15 years), and 36.2% extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) were registered. Overall, the TB treatment success rate was 75.7% with a declining trend from 86.2% in 2015 to 63.5% in 2017. On average, 11.4% were lost to follow-up (LTFU), 6.6% died, 5.9% were not evaluated, and in 0.3% the treatment failed. Being 15–24 years old and having EPTB were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Conclusion: The treatment success rate in the refugee camp in 2017 (63.5%) was far lower than the national treatment success rate (78%) and the End TB global target (≥90%) that needs to be improved. LTFU, died, and not evaluated outcomes were high which indicated the necessity to improve the TB treatment program.

scholarly journals Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes among Tuberculosis Patients in Kelantan, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rohana AHMAD ◽  
Nor Azwany YAACOB ◽  
Mat Zuki JAEB ◽  
Zalmizy HUSSIN ◽  
Wan Mohd Zahiruddin WAN MOHAMMAD
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Using Data

Background: There is growing evidence that DM may play an important role in the occurrence of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of DM among TB population, compare the profile of TB patients with and without DM and determine the effect of DM on unsuccessful treatment outcomes among TB patients in Kelantan state, Malaysia from 2012 to 2016. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sep 2017 using data from registered TB cases in Kelantan state, Malaysia from 2012 to 2016. The profile of TB patients with and without DM were compared in univariable analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine association between DM and unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Results: A total of 1854 TB patients were diagnosed with DM. The annual proportion was ranging from 26 to 29%. TB patients with DM had an older age, live single, low educational status, poor chest x ray finding and diagnosed with smear positive sputum compared to TB patients without DM. TB patients with DM had three times higher risk to develop unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes compared to TB patients without DM (95% CI 2.47-3.58; P = 0.012) in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Those with DM had the worst prognosis of TB outcomes among the significant risk factors. TB control program in Malaysia will need to expand efforts to focus on treatment of TB-DM patients to improve their cure rates in order to achieve the goals of tuberculosis elimination.    

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among Prisoners And Non-prisoners In Zomba, Malawi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hamilton Singano ◽  
Esther Kip ◽  
Wilson Ching’ani ◽  
Lawrence Chiwaula
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background TB remains a major global health problem. It is particularly prevalent in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa due to overcrowding, malnutrition, high HIV prevalence and insufficient medical services. Prisoners have experienced worse treatment outcomes than the general population. We investigated the TB treatment outcomes and predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among prisoners and non – prisoners.Methods We retrospectively reviewed TB registers of prisoners and non - prisoners diagnosed with TB from January 2011 to December 2016 at Zomba Maximum Central Prison and Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. The study used routinely collected data extracted from national, standardized TB treatment monitoring tools. Successful treatment outcome was classified as the total for cured and completed treatment while unsuccessful treatment outcome was classified as the total of deaths and treatment failures. We used descriptive statistics to compare the demographics and TB treatment parameters among prisoners and non – prisoners and computed multivariate analysis to predict the independent factors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes.Results Of 1652 registered cases, 27% were prisoners (all males) and 72% were non-prisoners (58% males). The median age was 35 years (IQR: 29 - 42); 76% were Pulmonary TB cases (78% among prisoners vs 75% among non-prisoners); 83% were new TB cases (77% among prisoners vs 86% among non-prisoners); and 65% were HIV positive (50% among prisoners vs 71% among non – prisoners). Regarding treatment outcome, 1472 (89%) were cured and/or completed treatment (93% among prisoners vs 88% among non – prisoners), 2(0.2%) were treatment failures, 122 (8%) died (5% among prisoners vs 8% among non – prisoners) and 55 (3%) were not evaluated (1% among prisoners vs 4% among non – prisoners). Independent factors of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes were noted in those with age greater than 35 years (aOR = 0.68: 95% C.I: 0.58 – 0.80), Extra-Pulmonary TB (aOR=1.69: 95% C.I: 1.08 – 2.63), HIV positive status (aOR = 0.63: 95% C.I: 0.42 – 0.94).Conclusion Good TB treatment outcomes which are comparable to the general population can be achieved among Malawian prisoners despite the challenging prison conditions.

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