The Validity and Reliability of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory for Examination of Burnout among Preschool Teachers in Serbia

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is being increasingly recognized as a factor that affects the health status and is being examined among different professional groups. Consequently, there is a need for a reliable and valid instrument for its examination. Teachers are emerging as a professional group of interest in the area of burnout research, so the aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of Copenhagen burnout inventory among teachers at preschool institutions in Serbia. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional study between October 2018 and April 2019 on a nationally representative sample of preschool teachers in Serbia. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and the construct validity was examined using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Results: The average score on total burnout was 39.1 ± 17.0, while the average score per scales on the Copenhagen burnout inventory was: 41.3 ± 18.7 for personal burnout, 41.2 ± 15.9 for work-related burnout, and 34.7 ± 22.0 for client-related burnout. The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was 0.936, the Cronbach’s alpha for the personal burnout scale was 0.906, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the work-related burnout scale was 0.765, while the Cronbach’s alpha for the client-related burnout scale was 0.901. The EFA for the CBI showed three factors. The factor loadings varied from 0.575 to 0.859. The three factors explained 67.17% of the variance. Conclusions: Our study showed that the three-factor Serbian version of the Copenhagen burnout inventory can be used for the assessment of burnout syndrome among teachers.

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Validity and reliability: the Iranian version of Lawton IADL in elderly community dwellers

Journal of Public Mental Health ◽

10.1108/jpmh-05-2020-0036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 241-250

Author(s):

Fatemeh Sadat Mirzadeh ◽

Mahtab Alizadeh-Khoei ◽

Farshad Sharifi ◽

Reyhaneh Aminaloroaya ◽

Sakar Hormozi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Face To Face ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Iranian Version

Purpose Normal aging changes, acute and chronic illness, and the long stay in the hospital made the decline in elderly physical and mental abilities in non-instrumental and Instrumental Activities Daily Livings (IADL). This paper aims to determine the validity and reliability of Lawton IADL in the Iranian elderly community relevancy to physical, mental and cognitive measurements. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study with 422 participants, age 60 years old and over selected by face-to-face interviewing from the geriatric clinic, Tehran medical university from January to June 2019. Findings Of 422 participants referring to outpatient clinics the majority were male (62.8%); with an average of 66.9 ± 5.95 years old. Reliability was significantly high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96, p < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between IADL with Short-Form Health Survey36-Mental Component Score (SF36-MCS), with p < 0.01. Reliability was significantly high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96, p < 0.001). In the factor analysis with eigenvalues more than one, two components were found; that the first factor named as observational daily activities, whereas the second factor named “advanced daily activities”. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study was the low number of similar studies to compare the results and the stronger discussion. Originality/value Determining IADL's dependency in the community elderly is important to maintain their self-care manages. More studies are needed to manifest the relationship between mental health and IADL's independence. Therefore, validation in different settings is important in planning for the geriatrics team.

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Analysis of Burnout Syndrome and Resilience in Nurses throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph181910470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 10470

Author(s):

Noel Rivas ◽

María López ◽

María-José Castro ◽

Sofía Luis-Vian ◽

Mercedes Fernández-Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Element ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Average Score ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work Related ◽

Related Stress ◽

Lower Average Score

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the occurrence of work-related stress on nursing staff. Being resilience an essential element to countering adversity. The aim of the study was to assess burnout syndrome as well as resilience in hospital-care nurses during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of burnout syndrome and resilience of 101 nurses during the first COVID-19 outbreak. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Scale of Resilience of Connor-Davidson were used. Results: The burnout average score was 74.35 ± 12.78 points, and resilience was 27.94 ± 5.84. Temporary nurses reached a lower average score for the emotional fatigue dimension (23.80 ± 10.39 points) p < 0.05. The emotional fatigue dimension correlated adversely with the average score of resilience (r = −0.271; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The level of burnout in nurses was high, being higher on those who took care of COVID-19 patients. Resilient nurses were able to better cope with stressful situations.

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Reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of the aging males’ symptoms

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.oa.215314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 211-4

Author(s):

Dyandra Parikesit ◽

Miftah Adityagama ◽

Widi Atmoko ◽

Ponco Birowo ◽

Akmal Taher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Aging Males Symptoms

BACKGROUND Aging males’ symptoms (AMS) scale was developed to study the problems of aging males, especially related to the quality of life. Currently, there is no valid and reliable Indonesian version of the AMS scale. This study was aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the AMS scale. METHODS This cross-sectional study translated the existing AMS scale into Indonesian, which was tested in 40 years old males from May to August 2020. Cross-cultural validation of the AMS scale was conducted by translating the questionnaire from English to Indonesian by two independent-certified translators. The validity of the Indonesian version of the AMS scale was measured by conducting a Pearson correlation (r) analysis. The reliability of this questionnaire was tested and retested in 118 participants with a 2-week interval. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha value was measured and used as a reference. The first test was conducted in a corporate blood donor event in Matraman, East Jakarta, and the retest was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. RESULTS The Indonesian version of the AMS scale was valid and had a good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.74. The test-retest reliability showed good reliability with an r-value of 0.981. Pearson correlation test showed that all questions in the questionnaire were valid (p<0.05) and correlated positively. CONCLUSIONS The Indonesian version of the AMS scale derived from this study is valid and has good reliability.

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Adverse Events of Antiepileptic Drugs Using Indonesian Version of Liverpool Adverse Events Profile

Neurology Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8490639 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Astri Budikayanti ◽

Lubna Muhammad Qadri ◽

Zakiah Syeban ◽

Luh Ari Indrawati ◽

Fitri Octaviana

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Variable ◽

Epilepsy Syndrome ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Almost All

Introduction. Adverse events (AEs) associated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) affect people with epilepsy’s (PWE) quality of life. A study conducted in 15 European countries showed that the AEs prevalence of AEDs in PWE was up to 80%. To date, there are no validated screening instruments to detect AEs of AEDs in Indonesian PWE. Therefore its epidemiology is currently unknown. This study aimed to validate the Indonesian version of Liverpool Adverse Events Profile (LAEP), consequently increasing physicians’ awareness toward the probability of AEs and its necessary evaluation. Furthermore, this study was intended to determine the AEs prevalence of AEDs in Indonesian PWE. Methods. The questionnaire was translated from English into Indonesian version. The validity and reliability were tested using Spearman correlation and Cronbach’s alpha measurement. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on consecutive PWE in outpatient clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. We analyzed duration of epilepsy, onset of epilepsy, seizure frequency, type of epilepsy, etiology and epilepsy syndrome, number of AEDs, duration of AED use, and comorbidity. Results. All of the 19 items in the questionnaire were valid, with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.465 to 0.690 (moderate-strong correlation). Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.846 (good consistency). The total of 90 subjects were enrolled with 91% screened as having AEs using LAEP questionnaire. The most common AEs were tiredness (67.8%), sleepiness (66.7%), memory problems (62.2%), and difficulty in concentrating (56.7%). The only clinical variable that influenced AEs was polytherapy. Conclusion. The Indonesian version of LAEP was a valid and reliable instrument to screen AE of AEDs in PWE. Almost all the subjects in this study were suspected having AEs. Polytherapy was the independent factor of AE.

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Validity and reliability of the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249660

Author(s):

Mohd Noor Norhayati ◽

Zanaridah Mat Nawi

Keyword(s):

Evidence Based Medicine ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

High Reliability ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Based Medicine

Background Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a widely accepted scientific advancement in clinical settings that helps achieve better, safer, and more cost-effective healthcare. However, presently, validated instruments to evaluate healthcare professionals’ attitude and practices toward implementing EBM are not widely available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a newly developed knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire on EBM for use among healthcare professionals. Methods The Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire was tested among physicians in a government hospital between July and August 2018. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability-based Cronbach’s alpha statistic were conducted. Results The questionnaire was distributed among 94 physicians, and 90 responded (response rate of 95.7%). The initial number of items in the KAP domains of the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire were 15, 17, and 13, respectively; however, two items in the practice domain with communalities <0.25 and factor loadings <0.4 were removed. The factor structure accounted for 52.33%, 66.29%, and 55.39% of data variance in the KAP domains, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.81, 0.81, and 0.84 for KAP domains, respectively, indicating high reliability. Conclusions This questionnaire can be used to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of healthcare professionals toward EBM. Future testing of this questionnaire among other medical personnel groups will help expand the scope of this tool.

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RELIABILITY OF MODIFICATION QUESTIONNAIRE OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ABOUT ANEMIA IN ADOLESCENT

Nurse and Holistic Care ◽

10.33086/nhc.v1i1.1984 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Kusuma Wijaya Ridi Putra ◽

Riesmiyatiningdyah Riesmiyatiningdyah ◽

Agus Sulistyowati

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Boarding School ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reliability Test ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Study Population ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Introduction: The problem that is often experienced by young women is anemia. This anemia condition causes them to feel lethargic, dizzy, and a pale face. This situation causes them to be less eager to carry out activities and interfere with their learning concentration. Objective: This study aimed to determine the reliability test results of the questionnaire on the level of knowledge about anemia in adolescents. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study method. This research was conducted on February 28, 2021. The study population was all adolescents in the Islamic Boarding School of Tahfizh Putri Alfirdaus Hidayatullah, Sekardangan, Sidoarjo. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The sample size of the study was 24 adolescents. This study used a modified questionnaire for adolescent knowledge about anemia (Zulaekah, 2007). The questionnaire used in this study only used 8 items from the original questionnaire. The data analysis carried out was Mean, Standard Deviation, and Cronbach's Alpha. Results: Based on the results of the reliability test on the adolescent knowledge level questionnaire, it was found that Cronbach's Alpha was .594. This illustrates that the questionnaire is good enough to be used as an instrument in research. Conclusion: A modified questionnaire about the level of adolescent knowledge about anemia can be used in a study.

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Διερεύνηση της σχέσης ανάμεσα στις ανάγκες, την ποιότητα ζωής και την ολική λειτουργικότητα των ψυχικά πασχόντων στην Κύπρο

10.12681/eadd/45596 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ευφροσύνη Κλεάνθους

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

Η μέτρηση της έκβασης του ασθενούς έχει λάβει εξέχουσα θέση στην αξιολόγηση των συστημάτων υγείας τα τελευταία 30 χρόνια ενώ παράλληλα άρχισε να φαίνεται ότι η φροντίδα της ψυχικής υγείας πρέπει να παρέχεται βάσει των αναγκών των ασθενών, με απώτερο στόχο να βελτιωθεί η ποιότητα ζωής τους. Κύριος σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν η αξιολόγηση των αναγκών, της ποιότητας ζωής και της λειτουργικότητας των ψυχικά πασχόντων που λαμβάνουν φροντίδα σε δομές ψυχικής υγείας στην Κύπρο. Επιπλέον, η έρευνα αποσκοπούσε στην διερεύνηση της σχέσης μεταξύ των μεταβλητών που μελετήθηκαν. Μέθοδος: Πραγματοποιήθηκε μια συγχρονική μελέτη (cross-sectional study). Η συλλογή των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε σε δομές ψυχικής υγείας στην Κύπρο,κοινοτικές αλλά και νοσοκομειακές, με την χρήση ενός ερωτηματολογίου το οποίο περιλάμβανε την ελληνική μετάφραση του εργαλείου Camberwell Assessment ofNeed Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS), την Κλίμακα Αξιολόγησης τηςΠοιότητας Ζωής του Παγκόσμιου Οργανισμού Υγείας (WHOQOL-BREF), και τηνΚλίμακα Ολικής Εκτίμησης της Λειτουργικότητας (GAS). Αποτελέσματα: Το δείγμα αποτελείτο από 202 ασθενείς οι οποίοι λαμβάνουν φροντίδα σε εξωτερικές και νοσοκομειακές δομές των Υπηρεσιών Ψυχικής Υγείαςτης Κύπρου. Η μέση ηλικία των ασθενών ήταν 46,4 έτη. Το 53,5% των ασθενών ήταν άνδρες Το 58,4% των ασθενών έπασχαν από ψυχωσικές διαταραχές, το 34,7%έπασχαν από διαταραχές διάθεσης και το 6,9% έπασχαν από αγχώδεις διαταραχές. Ομέσος αριθμός ετών με τη νόσο ήταν 17,1 χρόνια. Ο συντελεστής εσωτερικήςαξιοπιστίας Cronbach’s alpha του ερωτηματολογίου αναγκών του Camberwell στην παρούσα μελέτη ήταν 0,75 γεγονός που δηλώνει αποδεκτή αξιοπιστία. Σε ότι αφορά στις ανάγκες σύμφωνα με το CANSAS, η μέση τιμή των εκλαμβανόμενων συνολικών αναγκών από τους ψυχικά πάσχοντες στην Κύπρο ήταν 9,56, η μέση τιμή των καλυμμένων αναγκών ήταν 4,08 και η μέση τιμή των ακάλυπτων αναγκών 5,51. Στηνπαρούσα έρευνα οι πέντε πιο συχνά αναφερόμενες ακάλυπτες ανάγκες ήταν 1)σεξουαλική έκφραση, 2) ψυχολογική ανησυχία ή ψυχική αναστάτωση, 3) οικείες σχέσεις, 4) συντροφικότητα και 5) καθημερινές δραστηριότητες σε φθίνουσα σειρά.Οι πέντε λιγότερο αναφερόμενες ακάλυπτες ανάγκες ήταν οι ανάγκες για 1)αυτοφροντίδα, 2) στέγαση, 3) χρήση τηλεφώνου, 4) φροντίδα παιδιών, 5) χρήση 7αλκοόλ. Το 18,2% δήλωσαν ότι δεν είναι καθόλου ικανοποιημένοι την ποιότητα ζωής τους γενικά, το 22,7% ότι είναι λίγο ικανοποιημένοι, το 29,3% ότι είναι μέτρια ικανοποιημένοι, το 21,2% δήλωσαν ότι είναι πολύ ικανοποιημένοι και το 8,6% ότι είναι υπερβολικά ικανοποιημένοι. Το 19,9% δήλωσαν ότι δεν είναι καθόλου ικανοποιημένοι με την υγεία τους, το 17,3% ότι είναι λίγο ικανοποιημένοι, το 34,2%ότι είναι μέτρια ικανοποιημένοι, το 18,9% δήλωσαν ότι είναι πολύ ικανοποιημένοι και το 9,7% ότι είναι υπερβολικά ικανοποιημένοι. Οι περισσότεροι ασθενείς είχαν σοβαρή διαταραχή της λειτουργικότητας (42,6%), το 28,7% είχαν μέτρια διαταραχή της λειτουργικότητας, το 19,8% είχαν ήπια διαταραχή της λειτουργικότητας, το 6,9%είχαν βαριά διαταραχή της λειτουργικότητας και το 2% είχαν καλή λειτουργικότητα.Η μείωση της βαθμολογίας των ακάλυπτων αναγκών σχετίζονταν με αύξηση της βαθμολογίας αυτοεκτίμησης της ποιότητας ζωής. Η μείωση της βαθμολογίας των ακάλυπτων αναγκών σχετίζονταν με αύξηση της βαθμολογίας λειτουργικότητας. Η αύξηση της βαθμολογίας των καλυμμένων αναγκών σχετίζονταν με αύξηση της βαθμολογίας ικανοποίησης για την υγεία.Συμπεράσματα: Τα εργαλεία εκτίμησης των αναγκών, της ποιότητας ζωής και της λειτουργικότητας μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για εκτίμηση της κλινικής αποτελεσματικότητας και του κόστους των παρεμβάσεων, την παρακολούθηση της υγείας του πληθυσμού των ψυχικά πασχόντων, στον σχεδιασμό υπηρεσιών για κάλυψη των αναγκών τους, στην βελτίωση της ποιότητας της παρεχόμενης φροντίδας καθώς και ως ενίσχυση στην διαδικασία λήψης αποφάσεων στην καθημερινή κλινική πρακτική. Η ικανοποίηση των κοινωνικών αναγκών, πέρα από τη μείωση των συμπτωμάτων, φαίνεται να έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία για την εξασφάλιση καλύτερης ποιότητας ζωής και καλύτερης ψυχοκοινωνικής λειτουργικότητας για τα άτομα με ψυχικές διαταραχές. Τα αποτελέσματα από την χρήση των εργαλείων στον πληθυσμό των ψυχικά πασχόντων στην Κύπρο φαίνεται να συμβαδίζουν με δεδομένα από άλλες διεθνείς έρευνες.

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Good practices in normal childbirth: reliability analysis of an instrument by Cronbach’s Alpha

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.2234.3000 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leila Bernarda Donato Gottems ◽

Elisabete Mesquita Peres De Carvalho ◽

Dirce Guilhem ◽

Maria Raquel Gomes Maia Pires

Keyword(s):

Scientific Evidence ◽

Federal District ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Evaluation Instrument ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Good Practices ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Childbirth Care

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the internal consistency of the evaluation instrument of the adherence to the good practices of childbirth and birth care in the professionals, through Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient for each of the dimensions and for the total instrument. Method: this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study performed in obstetric centers of eleven public hospitals in the Federal District, with a questionnaire applied to 261 professionals who worked in the delivery care. Results: The study was attended by 261 professionals, 42.5% (111) nurses and 57.5% (150) physicians. The reliability evaluation of the instrument by the Cronbach Alfa resulted in 0.53, 0.78 and 0.76 for dimensions 1, 2 and 3, after debugging that resulted in the exclusion of 11 items. Conclusions: the instrument obtained Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80. There is a need for improvement in the items of dimension 1 that refer to attitudes, knowledge, and practices of the organization of the network of care to gestation, childbirth, and birth. However, it can be applied in the way it is used to evaluate practices based on scientific evidence of childbirth care.

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Psychometric assessment of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) instrument in a remote learning environment

Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica ◽

10.1590/1981-5271v45.4-20210066.ing ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Aloísio Cardoso-Júnior ◽

Rosa Malena Delbone de Faria

Keyword(s):

Student Performance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Instructional Materials ◽

Human Anatomy ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Belo Horizonte

Abstract: Introduction: Motivation contributes greatly to learning, being a predictor of student performance. Thus, instruments that assess motivation after exposure to different teaching strategies and materials can contribute to the analysis and decision on its effectiveness. In this sense, the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) instrument measures students’ motivation after instructional activities. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the evidence of validity of the IMMS, previously translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: Cross-sectional study used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the IMMS questionnaire, applied to 211 students from the first, third and fourth semesters of the medical course at José do Rosário Vellano University (Unifenas - Campus Belo Horizonte). The principal component analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. Results: The PCA reduced the instrument’s items from 36 to 25 items, distributed in four dimensions. The saturation of the items in the dimensions ranged from 0.529 to 0.790 and the total explained variance was 63.12%. The reliability of the modified IMMS (IMMS-BRV), measured by Cronbach’s alpha, ranged from 0.76 (Attention dimension) to 0.93 (Interest dimension). Conclusion: The IMMS application in the remote education scenario, through asynchronous video lectures of human anatomy, resulted in an alternative instrument (IMMS-BRV), with fewer items (more parsimonious) and good internal consistency, demonstrating preliminary evidence of its validity and reliability adequacy.

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Effect of Mother’s Discipline Parenting Pattern on Discipline Character of Kindergarten Children

Journal of Child Development Studies ◽

10.29244/jcds.2.1.23-34 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Nia Kurniasih ◽

Dwi Hastuti

Keyword(s):

Character Development ◽

Cognitive Appraisal ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Kindergarten Children ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Mother’S Age

This research aimed to analyze the effect of maternal discipline on discipline of children at two kindergarten in Bogor City. The research design used was a cross sectional study involving 46 mothers and children, selected by accidental sampling, and the data were collected using a questionnaire. Parenting discipline was measured using a questionnaire of The Dimensions of Discipline Inventory (DDI), which was adapted and modified from Straus and Fauchier (2011) with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.864, and Character Development Questionnaire Preschooler adapted and modified from Hastuti (2014) with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0649. The results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the lenght of education and mother’s implementation of discipline, and there is a significantly positive correlation between marital status with cognitive appraisal of discipline. Cognitive appraisal of discipline is an opinion or judgment against parent parenting discipline either approved or not. Discipline of children was influenced by mother’s length of education, mother’s age, and situation in the application of discipline by mother (R2 Adjusted= 0.492). The situation in the application of discipline is a state or condition of the mother when applying disciplinary behavior to children.

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