Fiscal Policy Dilemma in Resolving Agricultural Risks: Evidence from China’s Agricultural Insurance Subsidy Pilot

The agricultural insurance subsidy policy (AISP) encourages farmers to expand production scale by mitigating production risks. Under the high-input production patterns of traditional agriculture, the implementation of AISP is conducive to increase farmers’ income, but it also leads to the destruction of the agricultural environment. Achieving agricultural green development (AGD) has been hindered in China. In this context, this paper attempts to analyze the impact of AISP on farmers’ income and the agricultural environment. Based on the panel data of 316 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2012 in China, this paper empirically tests the effects of AISP by employing methods such as time-varying difference-in-difference (DID). The results show that AISP has significantly promoted the growth of farmers’ incomes but has negatively impacted the agricultural environment. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis shows that the policy effects are realized by affecting the quantity of main productive fixed assets (Mpfa) and grain sown area per capita (Gsa). In addition, the policy effect is heterogeneous in different regions. Therefore, the government should appropriately raise the subsidy standard for farmers who adopt environmental-friendly production patterns. At the same time, the government should give more subsidies to the large grain-producing areas.

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Accountability of Palm Oil Industrial Business Players on the Pollution of the Environment Reviewed from the Aspects of Environmental Crimes

Journal of Asian Development ◽

10.5296/jad.v3i2.11064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Trionoeddy SH. M.Hum

Keyword(s):

Industrial Waste ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Added Value ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Domestic Waste ◽

Production Scale ◽

Library Research ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The problem of the environment is a serious issue that must be addressed by the government and the community as a supervision and reporter of each of the activities of the destroyer of the environment. The pollution and environmental damage continue to increase in line with the increased industrial activity or similar substances; surely the situation needs to get the protection of the law. The pollution or environmental damage, mostly in the context of running a commercial business and often is also the attitude of rulers and the entrepreneurs who do not run or neglecting the obligations of their obligations in the management of the environment. This research is a descriptive quantitative i.e. with provides an overview of the company that takes the environment around the enterprise. Data collection method in this investigation using bibliographical study (Library Research). The types of data used a secondary data that consists of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The waste is the remaining exiles who produced from real production activities in the production scale of domestic or household and production on a larger scale. Industrial waste is a remnant of the captives process of production in certain industries. Industrial waste requires the handling and managing seriously in considering the impact will greater emanate than with domestic waste. The industry is a business or management activities of raw materials or half-goods to be the end goods that have added value to get the benefits. The assembly of the business and repairing is a part of the industry also. The results of this industry do not only in the form of goods but also in the form of services.

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Comparison study of agricultural insurance government subsidy and farmers' self-subsistent premium in Indonesia

ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE ◽

10.3280/ecag2-2021oa12184 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Muhammad Yasir Yusuf ◽

Rahmat Fadhil ◽

T. Saiful Bahri ◽

Hafiizh Maulana

Keyword(s):

Participation Rate ◽

Insurance Premium ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Insurance Policy ◽

Simulation Test ◽

Agricultural Insurance ◽

Management Tools ◽

Subsidy Policy ◽

The Government ◽

Business Insurance

Agricultural Insurance as an embodiment of farmer protection and empowerment is carried out with The Rice Farming Business Insurance (AUTP) facility with an insurance premium scheme by the Government of 80% and 20% by farmers. This study aims to simulate the AUTP premium based on government's subsidy and farmers' self-subsistent premium. The simulation test used panel data estimates in Indonesia Province during 2016-2019. The AUTP premium simulation was identified through the Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA) approach, with the moderate variables being government subsidies and farmers' self-subsistent premium. The Government's premium subsidy policy became a pure moderator that significantly increased the AUTP land area by 0.057%. Meanwhile, the coefficient of the farmers' self-subsistent premium variable has a negative and significant effect on the realization of AUTP in Indonesia. The results of the policy simulation emphasize the importance of the government's role in encouraging the increase in the realization of AUTP through subsidizing premium assistance to farmers. The implication of this simulation of the MRA model is that the response and participation rate of the farmers' premium payments independently is not followed by an increase in the realization of AUTP in Indonesia. The policy implications in the simulation of the two equation models conclude the importance of managing subsidized farmer premium payments and self-subsistent schemes based on insured land and farmer insurance policy. Agricultural insurance policy needs to adopt risk management tools, diversify agricultural insurance programs, and calculate the willingness to pay agricultural insurance premiums appropriately.

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Intelligence and Green Total Factor Productivity Based on China’s Province-Level Manufacturing Data

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4989

Author(s):

Yining Zhang ◽

Zhong Wu

Keyword(s):

Total Factor Productivity ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Factor Productivity ◽

Green Development ◽

Central Regions ◽

Intelligent Technology ◽

Deep Integration ◽

The Impact

The application of intelligent technology has an important impact on the green total factor productivity of China’s manufacturing industry. Based on the provincial panel data of China’s manufacturing industry from 2008 to 2017, this article uses the Malmquist–Luenburger (ML) model to measure the green total factor productivity of China’s manufacturing industry, and further constructs an empirical model to analyze the impact mechanism of intelligence on green total factor productivity. The results show that intelligence can increase the green total factor productivity of the manufacturing industry. At the same time, mechanism analysis shows that intelligence can affect manufacturing green total factor productivity by improving technical efficiency. However, the effect of intelligence on the technological progress of the manufacturing industry is not significant. In addition, the impact of intelligence has regional heterogeneity. It has significantly promoted the green total factor productivity in the eastern and central regions of China, while its role in the western region is not obvious. The research in this article confirms that intelligence has a significant positive impact on the green total factor productivity of the manufacturing industry, and can provide suggestion for the current further promotion of the deep integration of intelligence and the green development of the manufacturing industry to achieve the strategic goal of industrial upgrading.

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China’s Bank Balance Sheet and Financing of Heterogeneous Enterprises

Economies ◽

10.3390/economies6040065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Kun Huang ◽

Qiuge Yao

Keyword(s):

Commercial Banks ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Financial Assets ◽

Rates Of Return ◽

Production Scale ◽

Leverage Ratio ◽

Indirect Financing ◽

Dynamic Stochastic ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Given the background of financial disintermediation and interest rate marketization, the assets of China’s commercial banks can be divided into traditional credit assets, whose rates of return are controlled by the supervision department, and financial assets, whose rates of return fluctuate according to market conditions. Direct financing enterprises are mainly state-owned enterprises with a good reputation, endorsed by the government, and they finance using the financial assets of commercial banks. Indirect financing enterprises are mainly private enterprises, which finance using credit assets. By introducing a financial intermediary sector with a balance sheet into dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, our model endogenously determines the leverage ratio and the ratio of the two assets of the bank. Model results show that the impact from the volatility of financial markets and other exogenous shocks can affect the banks’ asset proportions of the two asset types, asymmetrically affecting the production scale of enterprises with two types of financing. Further, the bank’s leverage ratio changes will have a magnifying effect on economic fluctuations.

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Kinerja Keuangan Dan Penghematan Pajak Sebelum Dan Sesudah Revaluasi Aset

Akutansi Bisnis & Manajemen ( ABM ) ◽

10.35606/jabm.v26i02.457 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (02) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Agustina Felisia ◽

Dian Purnama Sari

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Effective Tax Rate ◽

Fixed Assets ◽

Before And After ◽

The Government ◽

Tax Savings ◽

Total Turnover ◽

The Impact

Revaluation of assets is considered capable of fulfilling relevant information to investors and can improve the company's financial performance. In addition to improving financial performance, there are other studies that mention the revaluation of fixed assets may cause tax savings. Researches mostly discusse the impact of revaluation of fixed assets related to financial performance using quantitative methods, while researches looking at taxation aspects are discussed with qualitative methods. Therefore the researcher will try to connect financial performance using variables in the form of debt to equity ratio, operational profit margin, total turnover assets, and return on assets and tax savings using effective tax rate before and after revaluing fixed assets. The variable was tested using a mean difference test-MANOVA method and the sample used was a public company that revalued its fixed assets in 2013 year. The results of the study did not prove that there were differences in financial performance and tax savings before and after the company revaluing fixed assets. This has no effect because the company that revalues fixed assets is merely to meet the target of the government or actually the impact of the tax changes does not have a significant influence because there may be other impacts such as new additional costs for example appraiser fees, increased depreciation costs, all of which may make the company’s profits declined and final tax must be paid by the company. Instead, the revaluation just increase the book value of fixed assets and not the fixed assets physically

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ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ATAS MODEL REVALUASI ASET TETAP SESUAI PSAK NO. 16 (REVISI 2007) DAN DAMPAK PERPAJAKANNYA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG PAJAK

JIAFE (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi) ◽

10.34204/jiafe.v2i1.535 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 38-57

Author(s):

Chandra Pribadi ◽

Nurmiati Nurmiati

Keyword(s):

Discount Rate ◽

Income Tax ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Corporate Taxation ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Fixed Asset ◽

Fixed Assets ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

The purpose of this study was to determine how the impact of revaluation of fixed assets to corporate taxation. This research was conducted in PDAM Tirta Jaya Mandiri Sukabumi. The method of analysis in this research is descriptive qualitative non-statistical (non Descriptive Statistics). The results of the research that revaluation memiliiki impact on the final income tax where the impact of the activities of revaluation of fixed assets is the excess of the revaluation of fixed assets subject to final tax of 10%. Companies can save on taxes by 7% (assuming the petition filed since October 31, 2015 until December 31, 2015 and charged at 3%). Companies can save on taxes by 6% (assuming the petition filed since January 1, 2016 until the date of June 30, 2016 and charged at 4%) or save 4% (assuming the petition filed since July 1, 2016 until December 31, 2016 and charged at 6%). Discount rate provided by the government in 2015 was never used by the company, whereas the discount rate is the opportunity for the company to undertake the revaluation (revaluation) of fixed assets. Companies should consider doing a reassessment (revaluation) on fixed assets in return taking into account the positive impact for the company arising from such activities.Keywords: PSAK No.16, Revaluation of Fixed Assets, Fixed Asset Revaluation Impact.

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Alternative Incentive Policies against Purchase Subsidy Decrease for Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Adoption

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13071645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tianwei Lu ◽

Enjian Yao ◽

Fanglei Jin ◽

Long Pan

Keyword(s):

Stated Preference ◽

Financial Burden ◽

License Plate ◽

Choice Probability ◽

Market Penetration ◽

Subsidy Policy ◽

Incentive Policies ◽

The Government ◽

Phase Out ◽

The Impact

The purchase subsidy policy gives powerful support in battery electric vehicles’ (BEVs) market penetration. However, the purchase subsidy is also a huge financial burden for the government, so it can only be considered as a transitional measure and will be canceled gradually. This paper aims to investigate the impact of purchase subsidy phase-out on BEV adoptions and explore alternative incentive policies to continue stimulating BEV adoptions. A stated preference (SP) survey is conducted in Beijing, and a binary logit (BL) model is established to describe how various factors affect BEV adoption preferences. In addition to the factors related to vehicle techniques, the policies of license plate restrictions and driving restrictions are focused due to Beijing’s unique external policy environment. The vehicle use subsidy and bus line driving permit are tested as alternative incentive policies against the purchase subsidy decrease. The results show that incentive policies can significantly influence BEV adoption intentions. If the purchase subsidy policy is canceled in Beijing, the BEV choice probability will be reduced from 45.94% to 16.62%. In this case, the vehicle use subsidy needs to be set at the level of 4966 CNY/year (714.3 USD/year) to maintain the original BEV choice probability.

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The Effects of Subsidy Policy on Electric Vehicles and the Supporting Regulatory Policies: Evidence From Micro Data of Chinese Mobile Manufacturers

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.642467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xiang-Feng Liu ◽

Ling Wang

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Treatment Level ◽

Subsidy Policy ◽

Regulatory Policies ◽

Power Battery ◽

New Energy ◽

The Government ◽

Reporting Mechanism ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

Subsidy policy to electric vehicles in China was initially launched in 2001. This study uses the perspective of the characteristics of subsidy policy and applies generalized propensity score matching (GPS) to estimate the impact of different subsidy policy intensities on the change in consumer demand for EVs and find the interval to optimize. The study shows that the optimization interval of the policy is in the 40%–70% treatment level, which maximizes the effect of the subsidy on China’s EVs. For a treatment effect lower than 40%, it is difficult to effectively create an incentive to enter the EVs market in China because consumers think that the product is difficult to satisfy the demand of too low technology; by contrast, for the treatment level higher than 70%, the cost of the high endurance mileage power battery increases exponentially, and the complementary effect of subsidies is insufficient. Consequently, we propose three suggestions: The government should 1) use big data technology to supervise subsidies and design a real-time reporting mechanism and punishment mechanism for subsidy-misuse; 2) adopt the incentive regulation to promote the battery range of new energy vehicles (e.g., optimizing the subsidy ladder, innovating the form of subsidies) and gradually eliminate low-technology product; and 3) reasonably design a targeted regulatory mechanism that increases the cost of fraud and breach of contract to encourage firms to truthfully report technical indicators.

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Comparatively Analyzing the Impact of Government Subsidy and Carbon Tax Policy on Authorized Remanufacturing

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8293

Author(s):

Biao Li ◽

Yong Geng ◽

Xiqiang Xia ◽

Dan Qiao ◽

Hao Wang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tax ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Waste Product ◽

Theory Model ◽

Product Recovery ◽

Government Subsidy ◽

Tax Policies ◽

Subsidy Policy ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Authorized remanufacturing is an important means to achieve green manufacturing and carbon neutrality. In this study, a game theory model between a manufacturer and a remanufacturer was constructed to analyze the impact of government subsidies and carbon tax policies on authorized remanufacturing. Based on the game theory model, the effects of two government policies on the optimal solution, namely, the unit cost of remanufacturing product authorization and the waste product recovery rate, were compared and analyzed. This analysis could provide a reference for the government to improve and formulate relevant remanufacturing policies. The main results are as follows: government subsidy policies may increase the unit cost of remanufacturing product authorization and the rates of waste product recovery; government carbon tax policies may not affect the unit cost of remanufacturing product authorization, and increase the rates of waste product recovery; the government subsidy policy may not affect the unit retail price of new products, and reduces the unit retail price of remanufactured products; the government subsidy and carbon tax policies may reduce sales of new products and increase sales of remanufactured products; the government subsidies may increase the revenue of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and the remanufacturer; and the government carbon tax policies may increase the revenue of the remanufacturer. However, government carbon tax policies increase the revenue of the OEM only when the new product carbon tax amount is higher than a certain threshold. The impact of the two policies on the environment is related to the ratio of the two products’ impact on the environment, i.e., the quota ratio between the unit government carbon tax of the new product and the unit government subsidy of the remanufactured product. Finally, the consumer surplus is maximized when the government adopts the subsidy policy and lowest when the government adopts the carbon tax policy.

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Prinsip Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengembangan Strategi Kehumasan pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bandung

Communicatus: Jurnal Ilmu komunikasi ◽

10.15575/cjik.v4i2.10566 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 229-248

Author(s):

Betty Tresnawaty

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Case Study Approach ◽

West Java ◽

Study Approach ◽

Positive Image ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Public Relations Strategy

Public Relations of the Bandung Regency Government realizes that its area has a lot of potential for various local wisdom and has a heterogeneous society. This study aims to explore and analyze the values of local knowledge in developing public relations strategies in the government of Bandung Regency, West Java province. This study uses a constructivist interpretive (subjective) paradigm through a case study approach. The results showed that the Bandung Regency Government runs its government based on local wisdom. Bandung Regency Public Relations utilizes local insight and the region's potential to develop a public relations strategy to build and maintain a positive image of Bandung Regency. The impact of this research is expected to become a source of new scientific references in the development of public relations strategies in every region of Indonesia, which is very rich with various philosophies.Humas Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung menyadari wilayahnya memiliki banyak potensi kearifan lokal yang beragam, serta memiliki masyarakatnya yang heterogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali dan menganalisis nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dalam pengembangan strategi kehumasan di pemerintahan Kabupaten Bandung provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma interpretif (subjektif) konstruktivis melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten (Pemkab) Bandung menjalankan pemerintahannya berlandaskan pada kearifal lokal. Humas Pemkab Bandung memanfaatkan kearifan lokal dan potensi wilayahnya untuk mengembangkan strategi humas dalam membangun dan mempertahankan citra positif Kabupaten Bandung.Dampak penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi sumber rujukan ilmiah baru dalam pengembangan strategi kehumasan di setiap daerah Indonesia yang sangat kaya dengan beragam filosofi.

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