scholarly journals Alternative Incentive Policies against Purchase Subsidy Decrease for Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Adoption

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianwei Lu ◽  
Enjian Yao ◽  
Fanglei Jin ◽  
Long Pan
Keyword(s):  
Stated Preference ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Choice Probability ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
The Impact

The purchase subsidy policy gives powerful support in battery electric vehicles’ (BEVs) market penetration. However, the purchase subsidy is also a huge financial burden for the government, so it can only be considered as a transitional measure and will be canceled gradually. This paper aims to investigate the impact of purchase subsidy phase-out on BEV adoptions and explore alternative incentive policies to continue stimulating BEV adoptions. A stated preference (SP) survey is conducted in Beijing, and a binary logit (BL) model is established to describe how various factors affect BEV adoption preferences. In addition to the factors related to vehicle techniques, the policies of license plate restrictions and driving restrictions are focused due to Beijing’s unique external policy environment. The vehicle use subsidy and bus line driving permit are tested as alternative incentive policies against the purchase subsidy decrease. The results show that incentive policies can significantly influence BEV adoption intentions. If the purchase subsidy policy is canceled in Beijing, the BEV choice probability will be reduced from 45.94% to 16.62%. In this case, the vehicle use subsidy needs to be set at the level of 4966 CNY/year (714.3 USD/year) to maintain the original BEV choice probability.

scholarly journals Providing Income Tax Article 21 Tax Incentives during the Covid-19 Pandemic for the Stability of Economic Growth in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiolina Evi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Know How ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

This study discusses the policy analysis of providing Article 21 Income Tax incentives for taxpayers affected by the corona virus (covid-19) outbreak in order to maintain the stability of economic growth. The aim is to determine the effectiveness and influence of the provision of incentive policies by the government on economic conditions in society, especially in meeting household consumption needs. The problem raised in this study is the impact caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on employees who have been laid off, which the government then resolves by providing PPh 21 incentives with the aim of helping workers. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method. The purpose of this research is descriptive. Data collection techniques that have been collected, were analysed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The result of this research is to know the impact of government incentives for workers who have met the qualifications of the incentive recipients and to know how the scheme is in fulfilling this PPh 21 incentive.

scholarly journals The Impact and Contribution of FDI to Saudi Economy During King Abdullah Regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Khaled Jadeaf Alanazi ◽  
Salawati Mat Basir
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Investment Promotion ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opening Up

Foreign Direct Investment resulted in the disclosure of different investment chances and opportunities through active investment promotion agencies. A country must execute various reforms capable of improving the fundamental determinants of FDI for achieving a high percentage of Foreign Direct Investment. These reforms among others include improving investment laws, reducing political risk and level of corruption, establishing a consistent legitimate and regulatory environment, freeing repatriation of funds and capital, as well as opening up to international trade. Saudi Arabia adopted generous incentive policies for attracting foreign capital and invite Foreign Direct Investment during king Abdullah regime. These policies present positive incentives while eliminating negative disincentives. Positive incentives consist free custom duties, reductions of tax and export zones, by the government of Saudi Arabia. Disincentives elimination to investments indicates the removal of overlong and rigid systems as they can delay visas issuance, restraint travel and complicate the licensing and registration of a project. This paper discusses the impact of FDI on Saudi economy during King Abdullah regime and finally, ascertains the contribution of FDI to Saudi Economy during King Abdullah regime.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110624
Author(s):  
Hafiz Jaafar ◽  
Nur Amalina Abd Laziz ◽  
Muslimah Ithnin ◽  
Amirah Azzeri
Keyword(s):  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 infection resulted in significant economic implications to patients as well as a considerable financial burden to the general population for preventive measures. A descriptive study was conducted among staff at one of the public universities in Malaysia to estimate the monthly out-of-pocket expenditures for preventive measures used for COVID-19 infection. The study tool includes questions on household out-of-pocket expenditure and the measurements of the impact of the expenditure on household income. It was found that the average cumulative monthly expenditures related to the preventive measures were US$ 45.90 (Ringgit Malaysia 187.77), which was 4.3% of the household income. The highest expenditures were for traditional and complementary medicine followed by nutraceutical/supplements and disposable facemask. 8% of the households in this study incurred more than ten per cents of their monthly household income for expenditures related to COVID-19 preventive measures. Several households are experiencing substantial financial implications for preventive measures related to COVID-19 infection. This study highlights the out-of-pocket expenditures incurred for preventive measures were substantial for certain households. Effective initiatives from the government on providing subsidized protective personal equipment and a cost-sharing approach could help to alleviate the household financial burden.

scholarly journals DAMPAK COVID TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN SECARA MAKRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Indri Arrafi Juliannisa ◽  
Nunuk Triwahyuningtyas ◽  
Charia Roswita
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
The Impact

The spread of the Corona virus that has spread to various parts of the world has an impact on the Indonesian economy, both in terms of trade, investment and tourism. In Indonesia, the spread of this virus began on March 2, 2020, many sectors of the economy were affected by this pandemic. Thousands of companies were forced to temporarily close to limit the spread of the virus, resulting in reduced levels of activity in the arts, entertainment and recreation, as well as in real estate agencies and IT companies, however, there are some sectors of the economy that are still able to survive. If we compare it in the gold trading sector, the data shows a large increase in the estimated price for 2020 ytd of US $ 1,830 / troys ounce, even the prediction of the average price in 2021 also shows a constant increasing number. This is what has made the gold business popular because many people consider the price of gold to be more stable during this pandemic. Now the government is trying to open several business sectors and continues to encourage SMEs to carry out online activities, but still in the regions and gradually increase tax revenue. In order to maintain business continuity that saves the national economy, the government has implemented various socio-economic policy programs, including incentive policies and tax facilities that can be utilized by taxpayers. In order to maintain business continuity that saves the national economy, the government has implemented various socio-economic policy programs, including incentive policies and tax facilities that can be utilized by taxpayers. The government has also provided a policy on interest rates and airplane ticket prices so that people are still interested in visiting several discount cities for tourist destinations due to the existence of Covid-19 which has greatly impacted the tourism sector. The crisis due to Covid-19 is currently occurring simultaneously, so that the impact is felt by vulnerable groups who are getting worse, including business groups that need mass crowds, groups of casual daily workers, street vendors, workers affected by layoffs, farmers, the community poor, and so on.

scholarly journals The Impact of Government Subsidy on Renewable Microgrid Investment Considering Double Externalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Xu ◽  
Yong Long
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
System Optimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
The Impact

Since microgrids require public support to make economic sense, governments regularly subsidize renewable microgrids to increase their renewable energy market penetration. In this study, we investigated the optimal subsidy level for governments to correct the market failure of microgrids and analyzed the impacts of regulation on the interaction between a microgrid and a distribution network operator (DNO). Specifically, we proposed economic rationales for government subsidies for microgrids regarding public interest benefits in relation to double externalities (learning spillover effect and environmental externality). We incorporated the double externalities into a three-echelon game model in an electricity supply chain with one regulator, one microgrid, and one DNO, in which the regulator decides the subsidy level to achieve maximal social welfare. We found that the double externalities and double marginalization caused underinvestment in microgrid capacity in the scenario without government intervention. The government could choose the appropriate subsidy level to achieve the system optimum, which led to a triple win for the microgrid, the DNO, and the social planner. Our analytical results also showed that the microgrid gained more benefits from regulation than the DNO. The microgrid may offer a negative wholesale price to the DNO in exchange for more opportunities to import electricity into the grid, especially when the investment cost is sufficiently low. Our study suggests that supporting microgrids requires a subsidy phase-out mechanism and alternative market-oriented policies with the development of the microgrid industry.

scholarly journals Fiscal Policy Dilemma in Resolving Agricultural Risks: Evidence from China’s Agricultural Insurance Subsidy Pilot

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7577
Author(s):  
Yuqiang Gao ◽  
Yongkang Shu ◽  
Hongjie Cao ◽  
Shuting Zhou ◽  
Shaobin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Agricultural Environment ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sown Area

The agricultural insurance subsidy policy (AISP) encourages farmers to expand production scale by mitigating production risks. Under the high-input production patterns of traditional agriculture, the implementation of AISP is conducive to increase farmers’ income, but it also leads to the destruction of the agricultural environment. Achieving agricultural green development (AGD) has been hindered in China. In this context, this paper attempts to analyze the impact of AISP on farmers’ income and the agricultural environment. Based on the panel data of 316 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2012 in China, this paper empirically tests the effects of AISP by employing methods such as time-varying difference-in-difference (DID). The results show that AISP has significantly promoted the growth of farmers’ incomes but has negatively impacted the agricultural environment. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis shows that the policy effects are realized by affecting the quantity of main productive fixed assets (Mpfa) and grain sown area per capita (Gsa). In addition, the policy effect is heterogeneous in different regions. Therefore, the government should appropriately raise the subsidy standard for farmers who adopt environmental-friendly production patterns. At the same time, the government should give more subsidies to the large grain-producing areas.

scholarly journals STUDI KUALITATIF : DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN INSENTIF PAJAK USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PAJAK DAN PENERIMAAN NEGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Yotasa Raidah Khairiyah ◽  
Muhammad Heru Akhmadi
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
The Impact

Government Regulation Number 23 of 2018 is a form of tax incentives given by the government to tax payers for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The regulations aim at realizing fair taxation and increasing state revenue. Data from the Ministry of UKM shows that the number of MSMEs in Indonesia until 2018 is 64,194,057 units and absorbs 107,376,540 people. This study examines the compliance of SMEs in paying taxes before and after the enactment of tax incentives. Using a qualitative approach, this study seeks to explain the impact of incentive policies on MSME taxpayer compliance and state revenue. Respondents were observed in the South of Tangerang city area with interview techniques. The results of the study showed that in terms of compliance, statistically 2016-2018 showed an increase in registered taxpayers, but the SMEs did not voluntarily pay taxes because they felt they had not benefited directly. In addition, the ability to keep books is still limited. This has an impact on the side of state revenue, which is still low tax revenue from the MSME sector when compared to taxation revenues from other sectors

scholarly journals Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict the Impact of Health Insurance on the Wellbeing of an Individual

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3065-3070
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The healthcare domain in India has suffered considerably despite the advancement in technology. Several financing schemes are endorsed by the insurance companies to lessen the financial burden faced by the government and people. Nonetheless, Health Insurance segment in India remains underdeveloped due to various complexities that it faces. This paper exploits a heuristic sampling approach combined with the ensemble Machine Learning algorithms on the large-scale insurance business data to realize the current shape of the Health Insurance industry in India. Through the courtesy of Data Mining and Data Analytics, it is plausible to furnish insights that assist the common people in acquiring closure that helps in the process of decision making.

scholarly journals Changes in the Structure of Electricity Generation in Poland in View of the EU Climate Package

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gawlik ◽  
Mokrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Power Base ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
Country Competitiveness ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
The Impact

The fuel mix of electricity generation in Poland is currently based predominantly on solid fuels. In addition, the generation power base is outdated. Many of the generating units are inefficient, uneconomic, and do not comply ecological standards, so they should be withdrawn from use in the near future. Poland, which consumes approximately 170 TWh of electricity, needs to determine the direction of the further development of the energy sector. The concepts of covering domestic demand for electricity were outlined by the government in the draft Energy Policy of Poland until 2040, where it was pointed out that the most important pillars of the Energy Policy should be the following: The energy security of the country, competitiveness, and the improvement of the energy efficiency of the economy, as well as limiting the impact on the environment. The article presents the current state of the Polish power sector and the directional changes planned by the government in the area of new capacities for the power industry. The authors present a critical evaluation of this document indicating the opportunities and threats in the area of its implementation. In contrast to many European countries, the Polish government is not considering coal phase-out.

Long term airborne lead pollution monitoring in Bandung, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhayatun Santoso ◽  
Diah Dwiana Lestiani ◽  
Syukria Kurniawati ◽  
A. Markwitz ◽  
W. J. Trompetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Leaded Gasoline ◽  
Filter Unit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Airborne Lead

Lead poisoning is one of the environmental problems affecting human health. In Indonesia, leaded gasoline was completely phased out since July 2006. As part of an air pollution study, Pb monitoring was carried out from 2005 to 2012 in Bandung to assess the impact of the use of unleaded gasoline on the Pb level in the ambient air in Indonesia. Airborne particulate samples were collected using a Gent stacked filter unit sampler in two size fractions of [Formula: see text] (fine) and 2.5 to [Formula: see text] (coarse). Black carbon (BC) was determined by reflectance and elemental analysis was performed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The results showed that the annual averages of lead concentrations in the fine particulate matter in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 were 44.53, 27.06, 22.21, 17.75, 17.21, 16.24, 19.25 and 12.69 [Formula: see text], respectively. The airborne lead concentrations showed a declining trend over the years after implementation of the government policy of phasing out leaded gasoline. After six years of monitoring, the lead concentration in PM2.5 was decreased by over 70% compared to samples collected before July 2006. The average of PM mass, BC and elemental concentrations are also presented and discussed. The significant decrease of Pb concentration in the ambient air of Bandung is a great success story of the phase out of leaded gasoline in Indonesia.

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