scholarly journals Using Co-Production to Develop “Sit Less at Work” Interventions in a Range of Organisations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7751
Author(s):  
Kelly Mackenzie ◽  
Elizabeth Such ◽  
Paul Norman ◽  
Elizabeth Goyder
Keyword(s):  
Local Authority ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
Barriers To Change ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Environmental Level

Prolonged periods of sitting are associated with negative health outcomes, so the increase in sedentary jobs is a public health concern. Evaluation of interventions to reduce workplace sitting have suggested that participatory approaches may be more effective. This paper describes the use of co-production in four diverse organisations. Workshops with staff in each organisation were conducted to develop an organisation-specific strategy. The first workshop involved creative activities to encourage participants to develop innovative suggestions. The second workshop then developed a feasible and acceptable action plan. An ecological approach was used to consider behaviour change determinants at a range of different levels including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, and environmental-level factors. 41 staff volunteered for workshops (seven in a small business, 16 in a charity, 15 in a local authority, and three in a large corporation). Of those, 27 were able to attend the first workshops and 16 were able to attend the second. Whilst there were some similarities across organisations, the smaller organisations developed a more tailored and innovative strategy than large organisations where there were more barriers to change and a more diverse workforce. Co-production resulted in bespoke interventions, tailored for different organisational contexts, maximising their potential feasibility and acceptability.

scholarly journals Population Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 at the Subdistrict Level in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Long ◽  
Jianghao Wang ◽  
Kang Wu ◽  
Junjie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Potential Population

Fine-particulate pollution is a major public health concern in China. Accurate assessment of the population exposed to PM2.5 requires high-resolution pollution and population information. This paper assesses China’s potential population exposure to PM2.5, maps its spatiotemporal variability, and simulates the effects of the recent air pollution control policy. We relate satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals to ground-based PM2.5 observations. We employ block cokriging (BCK) to improve the spatial interpolation of PM2.5 distribution. We use the subdistrict level population data to estimate and map the potential population exposure to PM2.5 pollution in China at the subdistrict level, the smallest administrative unit with public demographic information. During 8 April 2013 and 7 April 2014, China’s population-weighted annual average PM2.5 concentration was nearly 7 times the annual average level suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). About 1322 million people, or 98.6% of the total population, were exposed to PM2.5 at levels above WHO’s daily guideline for longer than half a year. If China can achieve its Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution targets by 2017, the population exposed to PM2.5 above China’s daily standard for longer than half a year will be reduced by 85%.

scholarly journals Global Governance of Anti-microbial Resistance: A Legal and Regulatory Toolkit

2020 ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Calvin W. L. Ho ◽  
Tsung-Ling Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Recognizing that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global public health, the World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted a Global Action Plan (GAP) at the May 2015 World Health Assembly. Underscoring that systematic misuse and overuse of drugs in human medicine and food production is a global public health concern, the GAP-AMR urges concerted efforts across governments and private sectors, including pharmaceutical industry, medical professionals, agricultural industry, among others. The GAP has a threefold aim: (1) to ensure a continuous use of effective and safe medicines for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases; (2) to encourage a responsible use of medicines; and (3) to engage countries to develop their national actions on AMR in keeping with the recommendations. While the GAP is a necessary step to enable multilateral actions, it must be supported by effective governance in order to realize the proposed aims. This chapter has a threefold purpose: (1) To identify regulatory principles embedded in key WHO documents relating to AMR and the GAP-AMR; (2) To consider the legal and regulatory actions or interventions that countries could use to strengthen their regulatory lever for AMR containment; and (3) To highlight the crucial role of the regulatory lever in enabling other levers under a whole-of-system approach. Effective AMR containment requires a clearer understanding of how the regulatory lever could be implemented or enabled within health systems, as well as how it underscores and interacts with other levers within a whole-of-system approach.

Business Graduate Skills

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Olivares Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Business Professionals ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
A Company ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Environmental Level

This chapter describes a model of competences composed of skills business professionals should possess once they graduate. The multilevel model considers competences from individual level to contextual (environmental) level requirements in order to start or lead a company in a complex and changing work environment. This chapter suggests that the academic institutions of higher education should learn about the emerging competences of different levels and types required from the current and future graduates when they reach the marketplace. Doing so will definitely help these academic institutions to design academic programs and services involving co-curricular and core-curricular activities on the campus in order to build and evaluate those different but interdependent competences.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Veterinarians Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Nigeria

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Usman O. Adekanye ◽  
Abel B. Ekiri ◽  
Erika Galipó ◽  
Abubakar Bala Muhammad ◽  
Ana Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern and the inappropriate use of antibiotics in animals and humans is considered a contributing factor. A cross-sectional survey to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of veterinarians regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship was conducted in Nigeria. A total of 241 respondents completed an online survey. Only 21% of respondents correctly defined the term antimicrobial stewardship and 59.8% were unaware of the guidelines provided by the Nigeria AMR National Action Plan. Over half (51%) of the respondents indicated that prophylactic antibiotic use was appropriate when farm biosecurity was poor. Only 20% of the respondents conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) frequently, and the unavailability of veterinary laboratory services (82%) and the owner’s inability to pay (72%) were reported as key barriers to conducting AST. The study findings suggest strategies focusing on the following areas may be useful in improving appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship among veterinarians in Nigeria: increased awareness of responsible antimicrobial use among practicing and newly graduated veterinarians, increased dissemination of regularly updated antibiotic use guidelines, increased understanding of the role of good biosecurity and vaccination practices in disease prevention, and increased provision of laboratory services and AST at affordable costs.

scholarly journals Adsorption of indium by waste biomass of brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Pennesi ◽  
Alessia Amato ◽  
Stefano Occhialini ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
Cecilia Totti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Metal System ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe biosorption capacities of dried meal and a waste product from the processing for biostimulant extract of Ascophyllum nodosum were evaluated as candidates for low-cost, effective biomaterials for the recovery of indium(III). The use of indium has significantly grown in the last decade, because of its utilization in hi-tech. Two formats were evaluated as biosorbents: waste-biomass, a residue derived from the alkaline extraction of a commercial, biostimulant product, and natural-biomass which was harvested, dried and milled as a commercial, “kelp meal” product. Two systems have been evaluated: ideal system with indium only, and double metal-system with indium and iron, where two different levels of iron were investigated. For both systems, the indium biosorption by the brown algal biomass was found to be pH-dependent, with an optimum at pH3. In the ideal system, indium adsorption was higher (maximum adsorptions of 48 mg/g for the processed, waste biomass and 63 mg/g for the natural biomass), than in the double metal-system where the maximum adsorption was with iron at 0.07 g/L. Good values of indium adsorption were demonstrated in both the ideal and double systems: there was competition between the iron and indium ions for the binding sites available in the A. nodosum-derived materials. Data suggested that the processed, waste biomass of the algae, could be a good biosorbent for its indium absorption properties. This had the double advantages of both recovery of indium (high economic importance), and also definition of a virtuous circular economic innovative strategy, whereby a waste becomes a valuable resource.

scholarly journals Estimating the Economic and Clinical Value of Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance to Three Gram-negative Pathogens in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Matsumoto ◽  
Oliver Darlington ◽  
Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason Gordon ◽  
Phil McEwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Hospitalization Costs

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a significant global public health crisis. Despite ample availability of Gram-positive antibiotics, there is a distinct lack of agents against Gram-negative pathogens, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, which remains a real threat in Japan. The AMR Action Plans aim to mitigate the growing public health concern posed by AMR. Objective: This study aims to estimate the clinical and economic outcomes of drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens forecasts for Japan to guide resource allocation defined within the upcoming National AMR Action Plan. Methods: A previously published and validated dynamic health economic model was adapted to the Japanese setting. The model used a 10-year time horizon with a willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥5 000 000 (US $46 827) and discounting was applied at a rate of 2% to costs and benefits. Clinical and economic outcomes were assessed as a function of varying AMR levels of three Gram-negative pathogens in Japan by up to 100% of the current level. Results: Reducing drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in Japan has the potential to save 4 249 096 life years, corresponding to 3 602 311 quality-adjusted life years. The associated maximum clinical and economic gains were estimated at up to 4 422 284 bed days saved, up to 3 645 480 defined daily doses of antibiotics avoided, up to ¥117.6 billion (US $1.1 billion) saved in hospitalization costs, and a net monetary benefit of up to ¥18.1 trillion (US $169.8 billion). Discussion: Learnings from this study can be used by the Japanese government to help inform decision-making on the strategies that may be included in the upcoming National AMR Action Plan and facilitate allocation of the required budget. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrated the considerable economic and clinical value of reducing AMR levels of three Gram-negative pathogens in Japan and could be utilized to support the valuation of antimicrobial treatment and resistance in Japan and more broadly.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of wife-beating in Bangladesh: evidence from a nationwide survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Moyazzem Hossain ◽  
Faruq Abdulla ◽  
Azizur Rahman ◽  
Hafiz T. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern, with women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing a disproportionately high burden. This study investigates the prevalence and factors correlated with attitudes regarding wife-beating among Bangladeshi women in urban–rural contexts. Methods A sample of 13,033 urban women and 51,344 rural women data from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 were analyzed using the Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression model. Results The findings reveal that arguing with her husband is the widespread reason for wife-beating in Bangladesh (urban: 17.3%, rural: 21.9%), followed by neglecting the children (urban: 12.7%, rural: 15.8%). About 8% of urban women and 10% of rural women favoured the opinion that refusing to involve sexual intercourse is a legitimate justification for wife-beating. In comparison, around 5% feel that a husband has a right to beat his wife due to burning food. The respondents’ age, education, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic level, any health or physical difficulty, having problems becoming pregnant, and the husband’s age are all significant factors in justifying wife-beating. Conclusions Bangladesh has a massive challenge in eliminating IPV. Women from lower socioeconomic classes, low levels of education, other challenges, and residents of rural areas are particularly more vulnerable than their urban counterparts. Therefore, it is vital to develop a proper action plan that considers women’s education and occupation to raise awareness of the various implications of wife-beating in women, particularly in Bangladesh’s rural areas.

Business Graduate Skills

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-42
Author(s):  
Silvia Lizett Olivares Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Business Professionals ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
A Company ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Environmental Level

This chapter describes a model of competences composed of skills business professionals should possess once they graduate. The multilevel model considers competences from individual level to contextual (environmental) level requirements in order to start or lead a company in a complex and changing work environment. This chapter suggests that the academic institutions of higher education should learn about the emerging competences of different levels and types required from the current and future graduates when they reach the marketplace. Doing so will definitely help these academic institutions to design academic programs and services involving co-curricular and core-curricular activities on the campus in order to build and evaluate those different but interdependent competences.

Politika podpory najmenej rozvinutých okresov – hodnotenie procesov a identifikácia zlyhaní

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Melichová ◽  
Michal Hrivnák ◽  
Nikolas Szabó ◽  
Lucia Pospišová
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Different Levels

The paper is focused on the evaluation of selected aspects of the support policy for the least developed districts in the specific environment of the Svidník district from the perspective of relevant groups of local actors in order to identify failures and barriers in various phases of formulation and implementation of the Action Plan. The methodology of the case study of the selected district is based on a questionnaire survey and conducting of interviews with actors involved in relevant processes at the district level. The results of the case study indicate the existence of typical institutional failures: the presence of information asymmetry between actors at local level as well as between different levels of governance, time consuming administrative burdens, which were partly caused and exacerbated by frequent changes in conditions regarding the support eligibility and in institutional arrangements for policy implementation.

scholarly journals ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF INCARCERATED INMATES WITH DEMENTIA: CREATING DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY PRISONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S433-S433
Author(s):  
Valerie Gruss ◽  
Memoona Hasnain
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Older Prisoners ◽  
Correction Officers ◽  
Older Inmates

Abstract U.S. prisons are experiencing a graying of their population, with many older inmates experiencing chronic conditions, including dementia. Older prisoners now represent 10% of the U.S. prison population and 18% of Illinois’ prison population. Aging inmates cost more to incarcerate due to their medical needs. Bureau of Prisons data estimate $881 million (19%) of its budget was spent to incarcerate aging inmates. Prisons are seeking solutions to address the unmet needs of older inmates, especially those with dementia. These older inmates with dementia face discrimination and exploitation within the prison population, and Correction Officers and clinicians lack training to understand and address their complex needs. Utilizing the Alzheimer’s Association’s, ACT on Alzheimer’s Toolkit we implemented four phases guiding communities’ adoption of dementia-friendly practices: we convened meetings with Illinois Department of Correction leaders, assessed community strengths and gaps by surveying prison wardens, analyzed findings and created an action plan to provide dementia training of prison staff to create a dementia friendly community. Our “Dementia-Friendly Prisons” program trains prison staff on understanding and providing supportive care and management to inmates with dementia, enabling staff to meet inmates’ needs, thereby creating an environment where inmates with dementia are safe and treated respectfully. Our program used an Appreciative Inquiry Four-D cycle approach (Discover-Dream-Design-Destiny) to engage and empower learners from a highly diverse workforce to develop into collaborative teams. Our program remedies a problem in the delivery of prison healthcare, serving a particularly vulnerable population and creates an adaptable model for other prisons and communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document