scholarly journals Women Suffered More Emotional and Life Distress than Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pathogen Disgust Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8539
Author(s):  
Yi Ding ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Tingting Ji ◽  
Yongyu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

The outbreak of the COVID-19 has brought upon unprecedented challenges to nearly all people around the globe. Yet, people may differ in their risks of social, economic, and health well-being. In this research, we take a gender-difference approach to examine whether and why women suffered greater emotional and life distress than men at the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Using a large nationwide Chinese sample, we found that compared to men, women reported higher levels of anxiety and fear, as well as greater life disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, that women suffered more was partly explained by their higher level of pathogen disgust sensitivity. Our findings highlight the important consequences of gender differences in response to the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest that policymakers pay more attention to gender inequalities regarding COVID-19 responses.

scholarly journals The role of Gender in Participation and Health Among Slovenian Youth: A Regional Comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2019) (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Kirbiš ◽  
Monika Lamot ◽  
Katja Kotnik ◽  
Marina Tavčar Krajnc ◽  
Marija Javornik Krečič
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Youth Language

Abstract: The main purpose of our study was 1) to test for gender differences in subjective health and well-being, political and cultural participation; 2) to examine whether gender moderates the link between health and participation; and 3) to test for regional variation in this link. A representative survey sample of Slovenian Youth 2010 study was analysed. At the total sample levels, men reported better health, there were no gender differences in voter turnout, while cultural participation was higher among women. In addition, gender did not moderate cultural participation-health link (no significant link in either gender), but it did moderate voter turnout-health link, with turnout being significantly negatively related to health among men (but not among women). Regional variations were not detected, as associations within regions were largely insignificant. Key words: cultural participation, political participation, health inequalities, regional differences, gender inequalities, democracy, youth Language: Original in English (Abstract in English and Slovene, Summary in Slovene)

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN REMITTANCE BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOKO NIIMI ◽  
BARRY REILLY
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tobit Models ◽  
Remittance Behavior

This paper investigates the role of gender in remittance behavior among migrants using the 2004 Vietnam Migration Survey data. The gender dimension to remittance behavior has not featured strongly in the existing literature and our findings thus contain novel appeal. In addition, we use estimates from both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic tobit models to decompose the raw gender difference in remittances into treatment and endowment components. We find little evidence that gender differences in remittances are attributable to behavioral differences between men and women, and this finding is invariant to whether the homoscedastic or heteroscedastic tobit is used in estimation.

The Moderation Role of Being Valued by Teachers Over the Association Between School Children Motivation and Need for Competition

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110441
Author(s):  
Cristina Maria Bostan ◽  
Tudor Stanciu ◽  
Răzvan-Lucian Andronic
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Concordant with classical theoretical guidelines (i.e., social facilitation, social constructivism theory, and the Pygmalion effect) we tested the need for competition and perception of being valued by teachers to be better motivated for learning in school. We extend knowledge by testing these associations mediated by the social economic status given by the well-being of the family (i.e., controlling for gender and socio-economic status). A total of 214 Romanian students (45.3% boys) with ages between 13 and 17 years were administered the PEER questionnaire (i.e., perception of being valued by teachers, school-children motivation, and the need for competition). Results show a positive relation between the need for competition and motivation for learning. We also found positive relations between the perception of being valued by the teacher and motivation for learning and the need for competition. We conclude that motivation is higher when the need for competition is higher and the perception of being valued by teachers is higher.

Beyond the Role of Interpersonal Violence in Predicting Negative Affective Conditions in Adults: An Examination of Hope Components in Chinese College Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093851
Author(s):  
Mingqi Li ◽  
Edward C. Chang ◽  
Olivia D. Chang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
The Impact

With the growth of positive psychology during the past two decades, increased research has been focused on identifying human virtues that not only foster well-being but also act as positive processes that mitigate the impact of life adversities. Thus, it is useful to examine how positive processes, such as hope, may impact individuals’ psychological adjustment following adversities. This study investigated the relationships among interpersonal violence, hope, as a key human strength, and negative affect conditions in a large sample ( N = 737) of Chinese male and female ( Nfemale = 409) college students. Participants completed measures assessing prior exposure to interpersonal violence, levels of both hope components (i.e., agency and pathways), negative affect, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Results from correlational analyses showed that exposure to interpersonal violence was positively and hope was negatively correlated with negative affective conditions. However, hope agency was more strongly correlated with those outcomes than hope pathways. In addition, three separate hierarchical regression analyses indicated that after accounting for demographics (i.e., age and sex) and interpersonal violence, within hope components, only hope agency remained as strong concurrent predictors of negative affective conditions. The present findings in this Chinese sample are consistent with those obtained from Turkey and the United States samples, adding evidence to the more robust role of hope, and hope agency in particular, in predicting negative psychological adjustment associated with interpersonal violence. Efforts made to address the absence of hope agency may be particularly important in future attempts to mitigate negative affective conditions linked to interpersonal violence among Chinese college students.

scholarly journals Metodologie, percorsi operativi e strumenti per lo sviluppo delle cooperative di comunità nelle aree interne italiane

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
Present Essay

The present essay includes the main results of the research project on community-based cooperatives, promoted in 2018 by Fondosviluppo and FEDAM, and implemented by researchers of University of Molise. The volume highlights the potential and the modes of operating of community-based cooperatives, which carry out a mix of productive and socially useful activities for local community well-being. The research, through a new methodological and operational path, reaches the following results: a) devise a strategy to detect the degree of social, economic and environmental vulnerability levels of Italian inner areas; b) outline the needs of local communities; c) define the role of community-based cooperatives in bridging regional gaps, also identifying their possible policy support.

scholarly journals Commentary - Women Ask Less Often Than Men Partly Because They Work Fewer Hours (Revised Manuscript)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Mazei ◽  
Joachim Hüffmeier
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Negotiation Research ◽  
Negotiation Performance ◽  
Alternative Conceptualization ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

A long debate in negotiation research concerns the question of whether gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations, in behaviors shown during negotiations, and in negotiation performance actually exist. Whereas past negotiation research suggested that women are less likely to initiate negotiations than men, a recent study by Artz et al. (2018) seems to suggest that women are as likely as men to “ask” for higher pay. However, this finding by Artz et al. (2018) was obtained once the number of weekly hours worked was added as a covariate in the statistical analysis. Following extant work, we suggest that the number of weekly hours worked could be—and, from a theoretical standpoint, perhaps should be—considered a mediator of gender differences. Conducting a Monte Carlo analysis based on the results and statistics provided by Artz et al. (2018) also yielded empirical evidence suggesting that weekly hours could be a mediator. Thus, women may be less likely than men to ask for higher pay, among other potential reasons, because they work fewer weekly hours. Based on this alternative conceptualization of the role of weekly hours, our commentary has theoretical implications for the understanding of gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations and practical implications for the effective reduction of gender inequalities.

scholarly journals Race, Ethnicity and Subjective Well-Being: Exploring the Disparities in Life Satisfaction Among Whites, Latinx, and Asians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Tim Wadsworth ◽  
Philip M. Pendergast
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparity ◽  
The Relationship

While much research has been done on the causes and correlates of subjective well-being over the last two decades, a relatively small number of studies have addressed disparities in subjective well-being between various racial and ethnic groups. Recently more research has addressed the differences between blacks and whites, and begun to unpack the causes for these differences. A smaller number of studies have started to look at differences between white and Latinx respondents. In the present work we add to this literature by examining differences in life satisfaction between white, Latin and Asian respondents, as well as the persistence of these differences after controlling for a variety of social, economic and lifestyle variables. After assessing how much of the racial and ethnic disparity between these groups can be explained by such factors, we present additional preliminary analysis that begins to explore the role of culture in understanding the relationship between race, ethnicity and subjective well-being.

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