scholarly journals A Longitudinal Assessment of Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases among Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Adults in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8621
Author(s):  
Mehwish Nisar ◽  
Tracy L Kolbe-Alexander ◽  
Nicola W. Burton ◽  
Asaduzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and trajectories of chronic diseases and risk behaviors in immigrants from high-income countries (HIC), low–middle-income countries (LMIC), to Australian-born people. Data were used from five waves of the HABITAT (2007–2016) study—11,035 adults living in Brisbane, Australia. Chronic diseases included cancer, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Risk factors assessed were body mass index (BMI), insufficient physical activity, and cigarette smoking. Diabetes mellitus increased in all groups, with the highest increase of 33% in LMIC immigrants. The prevalence of cancers increased 19.6% in the Australian-born, 16.6% in HIC immigrants, and 5.1% in LMIC immigrants. The prevalence of asthma increased in HIC immigrants while decreased in the other two groups. Poisson regression showed that LMIC immigrants had 1.12 times higher rates of insufficient physical activity, 0.75 times lower rates of smoking, and 0.77 times lower rates of being overweight than the Australian-born population. HIC immigrants had 0.96 times lower rates of insufficient physical activity and 0.93 times lower rates of overweight than Australian-born. The findings of this study can inform better strategies to reduce health disparities by targeting high-risk cohorts.

Abstract 237: Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Transgender Persons in The United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Malhotra ◽  
Hal A Skopicki ◽  
Smadar Kort ◽  
Noelle Mann ◽  
Puja Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Transgender Persons

Background: There is a paucity of data regarding prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and corresponding cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in transgender individuals. We sought to assess the prevalence of CV risk factors and CVD in transgender persons in the United States. Methods: The 2018 Centers for Disease Control’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey was utilized to identify a cohort of 1,038 transgender individuals in the United States. Presence of CVD was noted with a single affirmative response to the following questions: “Has a health care professional ever told you that you had any of the following:” (1) a heart attack or myocardial infarction, (2) angina or coronary heart disease, (3) a stroke? Results: Among the 1,038 transgender individuals studied, a total of 145 (14.0%) had CVD while 893 (86.0%) did not. No differences in prevalence of CVD was noted in transgender individuals who transitioned from male-to-female (n=387), female-to-male (n=400), and gender nonconforming status (n=251) (15.0% vs 13.8% vs 12.7%, p=0.72). Transgender individuals with CVD were older, had lower annual income, higher rates of smoking (28.4% vs 18.1%, p=0.004), and higher rates of multiple co-morbidities including asthma (26.6% vs 17.4%, p = 0.009), skin cancer (21.8% vs 5.0%, p <0.001), non-skin cancers (16.8% vs 6.8%, p <0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (27.5% vs 7.0%, p <0.001), arthritis (65.3% vs 28.7%, p<0.001), depressive disorder (42.7% vs 31.0%, p= 0.006), chronic kidney disease (16.2% vs 3.3%, p< 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (42.0% vs 12.7%, p <0.001). No significant differences in race, health insurance status, or body mass index was noted between transgender individuals with CVD versus those without. In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of CVD in transgender individuals included older age, diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR) 2.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73 - 4.58], chronic kidney disease (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.80 - 7.57), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.19 - 3.99), and depressive disorder (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.09 - 3.03). Conclusions: In this observational contemporary study, CVD was prevalent in 14% of transgender individuals in the United States. Predictors of CVD in the transgender population exist and transgender persons should be appropriately screened for CV risk factors so as to minimize their risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Prolonged Opioid Use after Arthroscopic Meniscal Surgery: An Analysis of 107,717 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0046
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Baron ◽  
Alan Shamrock ◽  
Trevor Gulbrandsen ◽  
Brian Wolf ◽  
Kyle Duchman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Meniscal Surgery

Objectives: The current opioid epidemic in the United States is a significant cause of increasing morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine rate of opioid use before and after arthroscopic meniscal surgery, and assess patient factors associated with prolonged opioid use following primary arthroscopic meniscal surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing primary arthroscopic meniscal surgery procedures from 2007-2016 were retrospectively accessed from the Humana Inc. administrative claims database. Patients were categorized as patients who filled opioid prescriptions within 3 months (OU), within 1 month (A-OU), between 1 to 3 months (C-OU), and never filled opioid prescriptions (N-OU) before surgery. Rates of opioid use were evaluated preoperatively and longitudinally tracked for OU and N-OU cohorts. Prolonged opioid use was defined as continued opioid prescription filling at ≥3 months after surgery. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to control for various patient characteristics and identify factors associated with opioid use at 12 months after surgery, with significance defined as P<0.05 Results: There were 107,717 patients (54% female) that underwent arthroscopic meniscal surgery during the study period, of which 46.1% (n=49,630) were N-OU. One year after surgery, opioid fill rate was significantly higher in the OU group compared to the N-OU group with a relative risk of 6.98 (21.1% vs 3.02%; 95% CI: 6.61-7.36; p<0.0001). Multiple logistic regression model identified C-OU (OR:10.23, 95% CI: 9.74-10.76, p<0.0001) as the strongest predictor of opioid use at 12 months postoperatively. Furthermore, patients with acute preoperative opioid use (p<0.0001), preoperative diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (p<0.0001), hypertension (p<0.0001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p<0.0001), anxiety or depression (p<0.0001), alcohol abuse (p= 0.0019), and tobacco use (p=0.0345) had a significantly increased odds of opioid use at 12 months postoperatively. However, males (p<0.0001) and patients <40 years (p<0.0001) had a significantly decreased odds of opioid use 12 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Preoperative opioid use is a significant risk factor for opioid use at 12 months following surgery. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking status, and psychiatric diagnosis were independent risk factors for opioid use 1-year following surgery.

scholarly journals Perspectives of older adults with chronic disease on the use of wearable technology and video games for physical activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205520762110199
Author(s):  
Joshua Simmich ◽  
Allison Mandrusiak ◽  
Trevor Russell ◽  
Stuart Smith ◽  
Nicole Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Wearable Activity Trackers

Background There is increasing interest in technology to deliver physical rehabilitation and allow clinicians to monitor progress. Examples include wearable activity trackers and active video games (AVGs), where physical activity is required to play the game. However, few studies have explored what may influence the effectiveness of these as technology-based physical activity interventions in older adults with chronic diseases. Objective This study aimed to explore: 1) perceptions about wearable physical activity trackers; 2) perceptions about using technology to share physical activity information with clinicians; 3) barriers and motivators to playing games, including AVGs for rehabilitation. Methods Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with older adults ( n = 19) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results Wearable activity trackers were perceived as useful to quantify activity, facilitate goal-setting, visualize long-term improvements and provide reminders. Participants generally wished to share data with their clinicians to gain greater accountability, receive useful feedback and improve the quality of clinical care. Participants were motivated to play games (including AVGs) by seeking fun, social interaction and health benefits. Some felt that AVGs were of no benefit or were too difficult. Competition was both a motivator and a barrier. Conclusions The findings of the present study seek to inform the design of technology to encourage physical activity in older adults with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, Activity Limitation and Health Care Utilization of an Obese Population-Based Sample with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e18-e24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas T Vozoris ◽  
Denis E O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and determine the risk factors and health associations among individuals with combined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity.METHODS: Canadian national health survey data from 1994 to 2007 (n=650,000) were used. The presence of COPD was based on health professional-diagnosed self-report. The presence of obesity, defined by body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, was identified using self-reported and measured height and weight. Hospitalization, homecare use, physical activity assessments and socioeconomic data were all self-reported.RESULTS: In 2005, the prevalence of obesity in COPD (n=3470) and non-COPD (n=92,237) individuals was 24.6% and 17.1%, respectively (P<0.0001). In contrast to the non-COPD group, in which obesity prevalence increased by 38% over 14 years, obesity prevalence increased by only 5% in people with COPD over this same time period. Female sex was the only independent risk factor for obesity in COPD. Previous smoking, residing in Atlantic Canada and the Territories, and low education level were independent risk factors for obesity in the non-COPD group, but not in the COPD group. The odds of physical activity limitation and health care utilization were significantly higher among obese individuals with COPD compared with nonobese COPD and obese non-COPD groups.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity was higher in COPD, and exceeded that of the larger non-COPD group throughout the 13-year observation period. The presence of obesity in COPD was associated with significantly higher risk of severe activity limitation and increased health care utilization. The combination of obesity and COPD has major implications for health care delivery that has not been previously appreciated.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Craig M. Riley ◽  
Jessica Bon ◽  
Alison Morris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are highly prevalent, non-malignant respiratory conditions that have increased dramatically in the past half century, both in high-income and low-middle-income countries. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and both COPD and asthma have a profound impact on quality of life for patients and their families. Tobacco smoke remains the single most important cause of COPD, but occupational and indoor exposures have increasingly been recognized as risk factors, especially among middle- and low-income individuals. Different patterns of genetic susceptibility independent of exposure result in variability of disease expression with many patients not developing clinical COPD, although they may still develop respiratory symptoms. COPD prevalence differs greatly between countries even when controlling for smoking rates. While much progress has been made in understanding biological pathways involved in asthma, the understanding of why asthma initially develops remains elusive. Although a large number of potential risk factors have been identified, none can explain the global increases in asthma prevalence observed over the last few decades. Prevalence trends between countries have also varied, with some countries continuing to experience increases in asthma rates and some rates levelling off or even declining. These trends cannot be explained by divergent epidemiological methods or population makeup alone. Asthma control, especially for severe asthmatics and for those with non-allergic phenotypes, remains a public health problem with more efficient interventions needed to encourage smoking cessation, improve air quality, and reduce allergen exposure.

CONTRIBUTION OF COMBINED RISK FACTORS INTO DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
O.S. Kobyakova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Starovoitova ◽  
I.V. Tolmachev ◽  
K.S. Brazovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Increased prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) and increased related mortality stimulate development of effective methods of their prevention. To date, there are little data on the combined effect of various risk factors on the development of a particular chronic disease, and how much the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases increases or decreases with a different combination of risk factors. Purpose. To assess contribution of the combined effect of risk factors into the development of chronic NCD using the method of neural network. Material and methods. Data on 9505 visitors seeking care at the Tomsk health centers were analyzed. To build a multidimensional decision-making model, the authors used the multi-layer perceptron algorithm implemented on the IBM Watson platform. Results. The highest accuracy of disease recognition in the test sample added up to 95.8% for diabetes mellitus. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (84.5%) and coronary heart disease (80.4%) rank second. Lower accuracy was registered for such diseases as asthma (73.6%) and arterial hypertension (73.3%). For the development of diabetes mellitus, such factors as patient’s age, level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) are equally important. Smoking and gender are identified as the most significant factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most significant contribution to the development of arterial hypertension is made by body mass index only. Age and BMI turned out to be most significant for coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension. Conclusion. Use of the neural network method makes it possible to determine contribution of risk factors to the development of chronic ICD, to predict the risk of developing a disease depending on the combination of risk factors and to carry out preventive measures in a personalized manner, taking into account clinical situation of every person. Scope of application. The results of the study can be used by managers of medical organizations to optimize approaches to preventive activities. Keywords: risk factors; chronic non-communicable diseases; neural networks

Physical Exercise as an Immunomodulator of Chronic Diseases in Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac ◽  
José Messias Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Rodolfo Paula Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related

Background: The progressive dysfunction of the immune system during aging appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of several age-related disorders. However, regular physical exercise can present “antiaging” effects on several physiological systems. Methods: A narrative review of studies investigating the chronic effects of exercise and physical activity on the immune system and its association with age-related chronic diseases was carried out according to the guidelines for writing a narrative review. Results: There is compelling evidence suggesting that age-related immune system alterations play a key role on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical activity appears to improve most of the inflammatory/immunological processes involved in these diseases. Conclusion: Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies permit us to affirm that regular physical activity improves immunomodulation and may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of several age-related chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to better describe the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of physical exercise in specific organs of older individuals, as well as the mechanisms involved in such response.

scholarly journals Validation of the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooks W Morgan ◽  
Matthew R Grigsby ◽  
Trishul Siddharthan ◽  
Robert Kalyesubula ◽  
Robert A Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will soon be the third leading global cause of death and is increasing rapidly in low/middle-income countries. There is a need for local validation of the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), which can be used to identify those experiencing lifestyle impairment due to their breathing.MethodsThe SGRQ was professionally translated into Luganda and reviewed by our field staff and a local pulmonologist. Participants included a COPD-confirmed clinic sample and COPD-positive and negative members of the community who were enrolled in the Lung Function in Nakaseke and Kampala (LiNK) Study. SGRQs were assembled from all participants, while demographic and spirometry data were additionally collected from LiNK participants.ResultsIn total, 103 questionnaires were included in analysis: 49 with COPD from clinic, 34 community COPD-negative and 20 community COPD-positive. SGRQ score varied by group: 53.5 for clinic, 34.4 for community COPD-positive and 4.1 for community COPD-negative (p<0.001). The cross-validated c statistic for SGRQ total score predicting COPD was 0.87 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.00). SGRQ total score was associated with COPD severity (forced expiratory volume in 1 s per cent of predicted), with an r coefficient of −0.60 (−0.75, −0.39). SGRQ score was associated with dyspnoea (OR 1.05/point; 1.01, 1.09) and cough (1.07; 1.03, 1.11).ConclusionOur Luganda language SGRQ accurately distinguishes between COPD-positive and negative community members in rural Uganda. Scores were correlated with COPD severity and were associated with odds of dyspnoea and cough. We find that it can be successfully used as a respiratory questionnaire for obstructed adults in Uganda.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document