scholarly journals A Formative Assessment of Social Determinants of Health Related to Early Childhood Caries in Two American Indian Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9838
Author(s):  
Kristan Elwell ◽  
Carolyn Camplain ◽  
Christine Kirby ◽  
Katharine Sanderson ◽  
Gloria Grover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Childhood Caries

In the United States, children from diverse ethnic groups and those with low socioeconomic status are at a significantly increased risk for early childhood caries. Despite the efforts focused on decreasing early childhood caries in American Indian (AI) populations, these children have the highest incidence of dental caries of any ethnic group, with four times the cases of untreated dental caries compared to white children. This qualitative formative assessment was conducted in two AI communities. Semi-structured interviews (n = 57) were conducted with caregivers and providers to understand the social and community contexts in which oral health behaviors and practices occur from the perspective of the caregivers, oral health care providers, and social service providers in the communities. The analysis was informed by the social determinants of health framework. The key social determinants of pediatric oral health relevant to our study communities included limited access to: oral health promoting nutritious foods, transportation for oral health appointments, and pediatric specialty care. This formative assessment provided locally and contextually relevant information to shape the development of an oral health clinical trial intervention to address early childhood caries in these two communities.

scholarly journals Experiência de cárie em crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade em escolas públicas do município de Porto Velho-RO

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Giselle Aguiar Dias ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Caio Sampaio ◽  
Egídio Bidô da Silva Neto ◽  
Gerson Soares Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Porto Velho ◽  
Childhood Caries

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a experiência de cárie em crianças de 3-5 anos de idade, em escolas públicas de Porto Velho-RO, através dos índices epidemiológicos preconizados pela OMS (ceo-s e ceo-d). Crianças (­n=280) foram examinadas após escovação supervisionada, utilizando espátulas de madeira e sob iluminação artificial. O coeficiente kappa obtido (concordância interexaminador) foi de 0,95. Os índices ceo-s e ceo-d médios obtidos foram de 4,75 e 2,77, respectivamente, considerando todas as crianças, observando um aumento nestes índices de acordo com a idade. Em relação ao gênero, os índices correspondentes foram 5,01 e 2,71 para meninos e 4,54 e 2,82 para meninas. O componente “cariado” foi responsável por 98 e 90% dos índices ceo-s e ceo-d, respectivamente. Verificou-se alta incidência de cárie, sugerindo a necessidade de direcionar a esta população uma abordagem preventiva e curativa mais abrangente, com políticas de prevenção mais eficientes, atendendo às necessidades da população estudada.Descritores: Cárie Dentária; Saúde Bucal; Criança; Índice CPO; Inquéritos Epidemiológicos.ReferênciasSheiham A, James WPT. Diet and dental caries: the pivotal role of free sugars reemphasized. J Dent Res. 2015;94(10):1341-47.Moynihan PJ, Kelly SA. Effect on caries of restricting sugars intake: systematic review to inform WHO guidelines. J Dent Res. 2014;   93(1):8-18.Fraiz FC, Walter LRF. Study of the factors associated with dental caries in children who receive early dental care. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2001;15(3):201-7.Silva PVD, Troiano JA, Nakamune ACMS, Pessan JP, Antoniali C. Increased activity of the antioxidants systems modulate the oxidative stress in saliva of toddlers with early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol. 2016;70:62-6.Cortellazzi KL, Tagliaferro EPS, Assaf AV, Tafner APMF, Ambrosano GMB, Bittar TO et al. Influência de variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas e demográfica na experiência de cárie dentária em pré-escolares de Piracicaba, SP. Rev bras epidemiol. 2009;12(3):490-500.Baldani MH, Narvai PC, Antunes JLF. Cárie dentária e condições sócio-econômicas no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Cad Saúde Publica. 2002;18(3):755-63.Castilho ARF, Mialhe FL, Barbosa TS, Puppin-Rontani RM. Influence of family environment on children’s oral health: a systematic review. J Pediatr. 2013;89(2):116-23.Duarte JML. Higiene Oral e Prevalência de Cárie Dentária em Crianças e Adolescentes [dissertação]. Porto: Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2014.BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. SB Brasil 2010: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal Resultados Principais. Brasília, 2011.Tommasi AF. Exame Clínico. Diagnóstico em Patologia Bucal. São Paulo:Pancast; 1989.Figueiredo PBA, Silva ARQ, Silva AI, Silva BQ. Perfil do atendimento odontopediátrico no setor de urgência e emergência da clínica odontológica do Centro Universitário do Pará – CESUPA. Arq Odontol, Belo Horizonte. 2013;49(2):88–95.Losso EM, Tavares MCR, Silva JYB da, Urban CA. Severe early childhood caries: an integral approach. J Pediatr. 2009;85(4):295-300.Cardoso L, Zembruski C, Fernandes DSC, Boff I, Pessin V. Avaliação da prevalência de perdas precoces de molares decíduos. Pesqui bras odontopediatria clín. integr. 2005;5(1):17-22.Silva RHA, Castro RFM, Cunha DCS, Almeida CT, Bastos JRM, Camargo LMA. Cárie dentária em população ribeirinha do Estado de Rondônia, Região Amazônica, Brasil, 2005/2006. Cad Saúde Publica. 2008;24(10):2347-53.Almeida DL, Nascimento DOR, Rocha ND, Dias AGA, Castro RFM, Closs PS. Avaliação da saúde bucal de pré-escolares de 4 a 7 anos de uma creche filantrópica. RGO Rev Gaúcha Odontol. 2011;59(2):271-75.Petersen PE, Lennon MA. Effective use of fluorides for the prevention of dentalcaries in the 21st century: the WHO approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(5):319-21.BRASIL. Lei N° 6.050 de 24 de maio de 1974. Diário Oficial da União - Seção 1 - 27/5/1974, Página 6021.Antunes JLF, Narvai PC. Dental health policies in Brazil and their impact on health inequalities. Rev Saude Publica. 2010;44(2):360-65.Narvai PC, Frias AC, Fratucci MVB, Antunes JLF, Carnut L, Frazão P. Fluoretação da água em capitais brasileiras no início do século XXI: a efetividade em questão. Saúde debate. 2014;38(102):562-71.Peres MA, Traebert J, Marcenes W. Calibração de Examinadores para Estudos Epidemiológicos. Cad Saúde Pública. 2001;17(1)153-59.Frias AC. Estudo de Confiabilidade do Levantamento Epidemiológico de Saúde Bucal – Estado de São Paulo 1998 [dissertação]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP; 2000.Landis, JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159-74.Global goals for oral health in the year 2000. Federation Dentaire Internacionale. Int Dent J. 1982;32(1):74-7.Borges ESM, Toledo OA. A prevalência de carie em crianças de 0-5 anos: avaliação após cinco anos de um programa preventivo. Rev ABO nac. 1999;7(5):298-303.Walter RLF, Nakama R. Prevenção da cárie dentária através da identificação e controle dos fatores de risco em bebes – Parte I. J Bras Odontop Odontol Bebê. 1998;1(3):91-100Oliveira TM, Silva TC, Sakai VT, Prestes MP, Honorio HM, Magalhães AC et al. Comparação entre os índices ceos e ceos modificado em bebês e pré-escolares. Rev Odontol da Univ Cid São Paulo. 2008;20(2):128-33.Amaral RC, Hoffmann RHS, Cypriano S, Sousa MLR, Silva AAZ. Prevalência de            cárie e necessidades de tratamento em pré-escolares e escolares de Rafard – SP –Brasil. Cienc Odontol Bras. 2006;9(3):87-93.Moura MS, Santos-Pinto LAN, Giro EMA, Cordeiro RCL. Cárie dentária relacionada ao nível socioeconômico em escolares de Araraquara. Rev Odontol UNESP. 1996;25(1):97-107.Smith L, Blinkhorn A, Moir R, Brown N, Blinkhorn F. An assessment of dental caries among young Aboriginal children in New South Wales, Australia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1314.Ardenghi TM, Piovesan C, Antunes JLF. Desigualdades na prevalência de cárie dentária não tratada em crianças pré-escolares no Brasil. Rev Saúde Pública. 2013;47(Suppl 3):129-37.

scholarly journals Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in American Indian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Batliner ◽  
T. Tiwari ◽  
W.G. Henderson ◽  
A.R. Wilson ◽  
S.E. Gregorich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) combined with enhanced community services (MI + ECS) was compared with ECS alone for reducing dental caries in American Indian children on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The intervention was developed and delivered with extensive tribal collaboration. Methods: A total 579 mother-newborn dyads were enrolled and randomized to the MI + ECS and ECS groups. They were followed for 36 mo. Four MI sessions were provided, the first shortly after childbirth and then 6, 12, and 18 mo later. Both groups were exposed to ECS, which included public service announcements through billboards and tribal radio, as well as broad distribution of brochures on behavioral risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC), toothbrushes, and toothpaste. MI impact was measured as decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs). Secondary outcomes included decayed surfaces, caries prevalence, and maternal oral health knowledge and behaviors. Modified intention-to-treat analyses were conducted. Eighty-eight percent of mothers completed at least 3 of 4 MI sessions offered. Results: After 3 y, dmfs was not significantly different for the 2 groups (MI + ECS = 10, ECS = 10.38, P = 0.68). In both groups, prevalence of caries experience was 7% to 9% after 1 y, 35% to 36% at 2 y, and 55% to 56% at 3 y. Mean knowledge scores increased by 5.0, 5.3, and 5.9 percentage points at years 1, 2, and 3 in the MI + ECS group and by 1.9, 3.3, and 5.0 percentage points in the ECS group (P = 0.03), respectively. Mean maternal oral health behavior scores were not statistically significantly different between the treatment arms. Conclusion: In summary, the MI intervention appeared to improve maternal knowledge but had no effect on oral health behaviors or on the progression of ECC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116726). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study suggest that motivational interviewing focusing on parental behaviors may not be as effective as previously hoped for slowing the development of childhood caries in some high-risk groups. Furthermore, social factors may be even more salient determinants of oral health than what we previously supposed, perhaps interfering with the capacity to benefit from behavioral strategies that have been useful elsewhere. The improvement of children’s oral health in high-risk populations characterized by poverty and multiple related life stresses may require more holistic approaches that address these formidable barriers.

scholarly journals Estimation of salivary ferritin in children with childhood caries – a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Kotian ◽  
Deepa Gurunathan
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: Early childhood caries is the presence of dental caries in a child upto seventy one months of age. Saliva plays a major role in maintaining good oral health. The composition of saliva acts as a marker for oral health and the salivary proteins help in modulating the oral microflora in the oral cavity. Some salivary biomarkers help in detecting caries risk and can also predict their prognosis. Ferritin is one of the major biomarkers present in the saliva which acts as an iron binding protein and also as a monitoring tool in children suffering from iron deficiency. The ferritin levels are in increased in serum as well as in saliva to balance the deficiency of iron in the body. Material and methods: Sixty children were selected for the study aged between three to six years. The saliva sample was collected using standard spit method in a sterile container and Ferritin was tested in the samples by Chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay(CMIA). Results: Salivary ferritin was found to be higher in the saliva of children with early childhood caries(mean value= 5.867) than in children without early childhood caries(mean value= 3.412). Conclusion: A direct association is present between salivary ferritin levels and dental caries. Increased level of ferritin is observed in children with Early childhood caries. Clinical relevance: The level of salivary ferritin is found to be raised in the present study in children with Early childhood caries. The exact mechanism is although not known it can be assumed that the children with early childhood caries might have deficiency of iron which has led to the increased amount of salivary ferritin in the saliva.   Keywords Salivary ferritin; Early childhood caries; Salivary proteins; Saliva; Iron deficiency

scholarly journals Timing of sugar introduction in diet and early childhood caries: a population-based study in preschoolers

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Nilson ALVES DOS SANTOS ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco LIMA ◽  
Ananda Souza PEREIRA ◽  
Marina de Deus Moura LIMA ◽  
Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus MOURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Introduction Sugar ingestion is the most important isolated factor related to dental caries. Contact with sugary foods at an early age may represent a risk to the oral health of preschool children. Objective To evaluate the timing of the introduction of sugar in the diet of preschoolers and its association with early childhood caries. Material and method Cross-sectional population-based study with 888 five-year-old preschoolers from public and private schools. Parents answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, eating habits and oral health. The variables timing of sugar introduction (>1 year and ≤1 year) and dental caries experience were dichotomized and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression (p<0.05). Result The introduction of sugar in the diet occurred during the first twelve months of life for 73.8% of preschoolers. There was no association between the timing of sugar introduction and early childhood caries (p>0.05). The interruption of exclusive breastfeeding and low family income increased the prevalence of preschoolers having early contact with sugar by 32% and 23%, respectively (p<0.05). The prevalence of early childhood caries was 42.3% and was associated with a lower level of maternal education, low income, increased frequency of ingestion of candy and the use of nonfluoridated toothpaste (p<0.05). Conclusion The introduction of sugar in the diet occurred during the first year of life in most preschoolers and there was no association with early childhood caries.

Promotion of Oral Health Care in Infants - A Preventive Strategy to Reduce the Burden of Early Childhood Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Subhathira Rajasekaran ◽  
Sham S Bhat ◽  
Vidya Bhat ◽  
Sundeep Hegde K ◽  
Neha Thilak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110021
Author(s):  
O.O. Olatosi ◽  
A.A. Alade ◽  
T. Naicker ◽  
T. Busch ◽  
A. Oyapero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Malnutrition in children is one of the most prevalent global health challenges, and malnourished children have a higher risk of death from childhood diseases. Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Complications from ECC such as pain, loss of tooth/teeth, and infection can undermine a child’s nutrition and growth. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the severity of decay, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) by nutritional status using the z scores of the anthropometric measurements: height for age (HFA), weight for age (WFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index for age (BMIA) among children with ECC in Nigeria. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 5 local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used. Results: A total of 273 cases of ECC were included in the analyses (mean age 4.19 ± 0.96 y). Overall, the mean dmft was 3.04 ± 2.28, and most (96%) were accounted for by untreated decay. The distribution of dmft within the different z score categories of BMIA (<–3 = severely wasted, –2 to –3 = wasted, –2 to +2 = normal, +2 to +3 = overweight and >+3 = obese) showed the highest dmft scores among the combined severely wasted and wasted groups, lowest among children with normal z scores, and intermediate in the overweight and obese groups. There was a significant negative correlation between BMIA z score, WFH z score, and dmft ( r = −0.181, P < 0.05 and r = −0.143, P < 0.05, respectively). However, the correlations between HFA z score, WFA z score, and dmft were positive but not significant ( r = 0.048, P = 0.44 and r = 0.022, P = 0.77, respectively). Conclusion: Our study showed an increased severity of dental caries among severely wasted or wasted children with ECC compared to those of normal or overweight. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results from this study will raise awareness among clinicians and policy makers on the need for a primary prevention program for early childhood caries in countries with high burden of malnutrition and limited resources. Also, it will help draw the attention of clinicians to the caries status of malnourished children that can be managed to improve the nutritional outcomes.

scholarly journals Sugary Liquids in the Baby Bottle: Risk for Child Undernutrition and Severe Tooth Decay in Rural El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Priyanka Achalu ◽  
Abhishek Bhatia ◽  
Bathsheba Turton ◽  
Lucy Luna ◽  
Karen Sokal-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Baby Bottle ◽  
Childhood Caries

As communities worldwide shift from consuming traditional diets to more processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), increases in child obesity and tooth decay and persistence of undernutrition are particularly apparent in Latin American countries. Further evidence of shared risk factors between child undernutrition and poor oral health outcomes is needed to structure more effective health interventions for children’s nutrition. This study aims to identify dietary, oral health, and sociodemographic risk factors for child undernutrition and severe early childhood caries (sECC) among a convenience sample of 797 caregiver–child pairs from rural Salvadoran communities. Caregiver interviews on child dietary and oral health practices were conducted, and their children’s height, weight, and dental exam data were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using RStudio (version 1.0.143). Caregiver use of SSBs in the baby bottle was identified as a common significant risk factor for child undernutrition (p = 0.011) and sECC (p = 0.047). Early childhood caries (p = 0.023) was also a risk factor for developing undernutrition. Future maternal–child health and nutrition programs should coordinate with oral health interventions to discourage feeding children SSBs in the baby bottle and to advocate for policies limiting SSB marketing to young children and their families.

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