scholarly journals Patterns of Active Commuting to School in Spanish Preschool Children and Its Associations with Socio-Economic Factors: The PREFIT Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11180
Author(s):  
Manuel Herrador-Colmenero ◽  
Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽  
Idoia Labayen ◽  
Adrià Muntaner-Mas ◽  
Diego Moliner-Urdiales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Managerial Work ◽  
Active Commuting To School ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The aims of this study were to describe patterns of active commuting to school (ACS) of preschool children, and to analyse the relationship between ACS and family socio-economic factors. A total of 2636 families of preschoolers (3-to-5 years old) were asked to complete a questionnaire at home about the mode of commuting to school of their children and marital status, educational level, and profession of both father and mother. Chi-square analyses were applied to compare ACS between school grades and gender of the children. To analyse the association of ACS with socio-economic factors, logistic regression analyses were performed. Almost 50% of participants reported ACS of their offspring, with a higher rate in 3rd preprimary grade (5 years old) than in 1st and 2nd preprimary grades (3- and 4-years old. All, p < 0.05). Those preschool children who had parents with lower educational level and no managerial work had higher odds to ACS than those who had parents with higher educational level and managerial work (all, p ≤ 0.001). Around half of the Spanish preschool children included in this study commuted actively to school and families with lower educational levels or worse employment situation were related to active commuting to school.

scholarly journals Socio-economic factors and active commuting to school in urban Spanish adolescents: the AVENA study

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chillon ◽  
F. B. Ortega ◽  
J. R. Ruiz ◽  
I. J. Perez ◽  
M. Martin-Matillas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Factors ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Active Commuting To School ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Ethnicity, socio-economic status and self-harm in Swedish youth: a national cohort study

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jablonska ◽  
L. Lindberg ◽  
F. Lindblad ◽  
A. Hjern
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown an elevated risk for self-harm in adolescents from ethnic minorities. However, potential contributions to this risk from socio-economic factors have rarely been addressed. The main aim of this article was to investigate any such effects.MethodA national cohort of 1009 157 children born during 1973–1982 was followed prospectively from 1991 to 2002 in Swedish national registers. Multivariate Cox analyses of proportional hazards were used to estimate the relative risk of hospital admission for self-harm. Parental country/region of birth was used as proxy for ethnicity.ResultsYouth with two parents born outside Sweden (except those from Southern Europe) had higher age- and gender-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of self-harm than the majority population (HR 1.6–2.3). The HRs decreased for all immigrant groups when socio-economic factors were accounted for but remained significantly higher for immigrants from Finland and Western countries and for youth with one Swedish-born and one foreign-born parent.ConclusionsSocio-economic factors explain much of the variation by parental country of birth of hospital admissions for self-harm in youth in Sweden.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the use of firewood post-electrification in rural South Africa: The case of Ga-Malahlela village

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahlodi Esther Masekela ◽  
Khomotso Semenya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Despite improved electrification rates and several government policies introduced to encourage rural households to switch from traditional to modern fuels, most South African households still rely on firewood for their energy needs. This study sought to assess the factors that influence the use of firewood in Ga-Malahlela village in the Limpopo province. To this end, a structured questionnaire was administered to 67 households. Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences were used to code and log in the data. The chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the choice of energy source(s) and socio-economic factors. It was established that firewood was still widely used: by 61% of the participants for cooking, by 64% for space heating, and by 46% for water heating. For lighting, electricity was used by 98.5% of the participants, while liquefied petroleum gas was used by 1.5%. The dependency on firewood was mainly due to the socio-economic status of the surveyed households, which included income, education level, household size, and preference. Rural firewood reliance continues, due to socio-economic factors such as indigence, preference, and the inaccessibility of services like free basic electricity. It is therefore recommended that the Polokwane Local Municipality should play a part in assisting poor communities with cleaner, cost-effective fuel alternatives such as solar energy, biogas, and liquefied petroleum gas.

scholarly journals Estimates of the interrelation of the level of socio-economic development and the mortality rate in Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Balashova ◽  
Anastasia R. Zakharchuk ◽  
Maria V. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

One of the most acute problems of the social development of present-day Russia is a tense demographic situation, one of the reasons for which is the insufficient rate of decline in mortality due to the birth crisis and uneven growth of migration. This study assessed the link of socio-economic factors with mortality by the example of the Pskov region, which is the permanent leader in natural population decline. Based on official statistics, the authors obtained quantitative estimates to characterize the dynamics of mortality using econometric tools. The aim of the study is to identify socio-economic factors that contribute most to the preservation of the dramatic demographic situation in the region. The study conducted an analysis of the relationship of socio-economic factors with mortality in the regions of the Russian Federation using the example of the Pskov region, which is the leader in anti-rating of natural population decline. As a result of the study, quantitative estimates were obtained that characterize the impact of the population lifestyle, age and gender structure on mortality, while controlling the average level of well-being. It is also shown that an increase in the share of the rural population leads to an increase in mortality, which can be explained by the migration of the young population to cities and the increase in the share of elderly people, remoteness from medical institutions and the inaccessibility of qualified medical care. It is estimated how an increase in the level of health development in the region and an improvement in the standard of living of the population contribute to a drop in mortality rates.

scholarly journals Demographics, Socio-Economic and Cognitive Skills as Barriers to Information Seeking in a Digital Library Environment

2016 ◽  
pp. 179-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Yusuf ◽  
Sola Owolabi ◽  
Ayooluwa Aregbesola ◽  
Sunday Oguntayo ◽  
Foluke Okocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The chapter considers the importance of demographic and socio-economic factors as well as cognitive skills to information seeking in a digital library environment. Demographic factors such as age and gender were considered. Younger adults were found to respond positively to the demands of information seeking in the digital environment while their older counterparts are still struggling to come to terms with the changes. In the same vein, studies have revealed that the value placed on technology by men and women varies. While men express high level of confidence in navigating the digital environment, women still suffer low self-confidence in doing same. Identified socio-economic factors that also constitute a barrier to information seeking in a digital environment include income level, level of education, non-availability of ICT infrastructures and epileptic power supply especially in Africa among others. Unwillingness to see one's needs as information needs, inability to articulate one's information needs, unawareness of information sources, low self-efficacy, poor search skills among others were identified as cognitive barriers to information seeking in the digital environment. Based on the findings of this chapter, the study recommends that for persons who are adjudged to be the older generation, it is imperative for them to acquire requisite ICT skills that will make it easier for them to navigate the digital environment. There is also a clarion call on African leaders to provide infrastructures that will enable ICT to thrive as the digital environment is fast replacing the hitherto traditional one.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT OLEH MASYARAKAT SUKU MELAYU DI KABUPATEN SAMBAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Resky Nanda Pranaka ◽  
Fathul Yusro ◽  
Indah Budiastutik
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Fidelity Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Informant Consensus ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

ABSTRACT Medicinal plant was used to solve the health problems by community both for prevention and medication. The medicinal plants utilization has a pivotal role on the sustainability and biodiversity of plants. Sambas Regency of West Kalimantan is dominated mostly by Malay ethnicity. They have different perspective in medicinal plants utilization, using a system of religion and belief that is continuously handed down from generation to generation. The study aims to analyze the patterns of medicinal plants utilization, plant use values, the degree of community approval, the most important plant species and to analyze the influence of socio-economic factors in the utilization of traditional medicinal plants, especially the Malay ethnic community in Sambas Regency. The study was conducted in Teluk Keramat Subdistrict (Sungai Serabek village, Sungai Baru village) and Tekarang (Sempadian village) where 80% of the population knew the use of medicinal plants. The data was collected by interview and observation to the head of the family or housewife with a purposive sampling technique. The data was analyzed using botany indexes i.e. Use Value (UV), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Fidelity Level (FL), and socio-economic factors using Chi Square test. The highest ICF value of 233 species for 103 groups of diseases, namely smallpox (1), promoting the brain (1), ear pain (1), and appendicitis (1). The highest value of FL are 81 species. The  highest values of UV ​​is sirih (0,4926), follow by kunyit (0,3312), sirsak (0,3185), bawang merah (0,2994), kalimao (0,2972), jahe merah (0,2314), kumis kucing (0,1996), saudagar (0,1911), jambu biji putih (0,1614), mengkudu (0,1486), pegagan (0,1338), kencur (0,1253), cocor bebek (0,1253), cengkodok (0,1168), and sirih merah (0,1040). The socio-economic factors that influence the utilization of traditional medicinal plants are gender, age, and religion. Keywords: Sambas regency, melayu ethnic, medicinal plants ABSTRAK Pemanfaatan tanaman obat merupakan salah satu solusi masalah kesehatan dimasyarakat baik untuk pencegahan maupun pengobatan. Penggunaan tanaman obat berdampak besar terhadap kelestarian dan keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan. Kabupaten Sambas merupakan wilayah di Kalimantan Barat yang sebagian besar masyarakatnya ber-etnis (Suku) Melayu. Mereka memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat dengan cara pandang yang berbeda yakni menggunakan sistem religi dan keyakinan yang terus-menerus dan turun-temurun.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat, nilai guna tumbuhan, derajat persetujuan masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat, dan jenis tumbuhan yang paling penting serta menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan tanaman obat tradisional khususnya masyarakat suku melayu Kabupaten Sambas. Penelitian dilakukan pada Kecamatan Teluk Keramat (desa Sungai Serabek, desa Sungai Baru) dan Kecamatan Tekarang (desa Sempadian) yang secara  persentase 80% mengetahui penggunaan tumbuhan obat. Proses pengambilan sampel adalah melalui wawancara dan observasi dengan informan Kepala Keluarga atau Ibu Rumah Tangga menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan beberapa indeks seperti  Use Value, Informant Consensus Factor, dan Fidelity Level, sedangkan sosial ekonomi faktor dianalisis menggunakan Chi Square test. Nilai ICF tertinggi dari 233 spesies untuk 103 kelompok penyakit yakni cacar, keremut (1), mencerdaskan otak (1), sakit telinga (1), dan usus buntu (1). Nilai FL tertinggi (100%) sebanyak 81 spesies. Nilai UV tertinggi adalah sirih (0,4926), diikuti oleh kunyit (0,3312), sirsak (0,3185), bawang merah (0,2994), kalimao (0,2972),  jahe merah (0,2314), kumis kucing (0,1996), saudagar (0,1911), jambu biji putih (0,1614), mengkudu (0,1486), pegagan (0,1338), kencur (0,1253), cocor bebek (0,1253), cengkodok (0,1168), dan sirih merah (0,1040). Faktor sosial ekonomi yang berpengaruh dalam pemanfaatan tanaman obat tradisional adalah jenis kelamin, umur, dan agama.

Socio-economic- and Gender-based Differentials in Choice of Sustainable Mode of Transport: Evidence from Jaipur, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097639962199343
Author(s):  
Taru Saigal ◽  
Arun Kr. Vaish ◽  
N. V. M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Factors ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Climate change, fuelled by the growing transportation sector, is a pressing global challenge. There is a need to promote such a system of transportation, which is not only efficient but also sustainable. Using descriptive statistics complemented with a logit model of choice probabilities implemented on survey data from a city in a developing country, this study aims to examine the impact ‘of different socio-economic factors on the choice of sustainable modes of transport while also highlighting how these choices are different for men and women—the group of working population, those with the highest level of education, the group which is the most socio-economically well-off and the population of men most unlikely to prefer sustainable modes of transport. The study emphasizes the need to incorporate the varying demands of different socio-economic groups while formulating transportation policies so as to hamper neither the goal of sustainability nor the goal of women empowerment.

scholarly journals Children and Parental Barriers to Active Commuting to School: A Comparison Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2504
Author(s):  
María Jesús Aranda-Balboa ◽  
Palma Chillón ◽  
Romina Gisele Saucedo-Araujo ◽  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Active Commuting To School ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Parental Barriers

The main objectives of this study were: to compare the barriers to active commuting to and from school (ACS) between children and their parents separately for children and adolescents; and to analyze the association between ACS and the children’s and parents’ barriers. A total of 401 child–parent pairs, from Granada, Jaén, Toledo and Valencia, self-reported, separately, their mode of commuting to school and work, respectively, and the children’s barriers to ACS. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to analyze the differences by age for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Binary logistic regressions were performed to study the association between ACS barriers of children and parents and ACS. Both children and adolescents perceived higher physical and motivational barriers and social support barriers towards ACS than their parents (all p < 0.05). Additionally, the parents perceived higher distance, traffic safety, convenience, built environment, crime-related safety and weather as barriers towards ACS, than their children (all p < 0.05). Moreover, a higher perception of barriers was related to lower ACS. The results of our study showed the necessity of attenuating the perceptions of children and their parents in order to increase ACS. This is relevant to develop interventions in the specific contexts of each barrier and involving both populations.

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