scholarly journals Association between Self-Reported Exposure to Alcohol Advertisements and Drinking Behaviors: An Analysis of a Population-Based Survey in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11271
Author(s):  
Phagapun Boontem ◽  
Udomsak Saengow
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Population Based Survey

The relationship between alcohol advertising and drinking has been demonstrated in many studies. Most studies were conducted on adolescents or young adults. Thailand has strict regulations on alcohol advertisements. This study aimed to examine associations between exposure to alcohol advertisements and drinking behaviors, i.e., past-year drinking and past-year heavy drinking, using data from a population-based survey in Thailand. The survey participants were Thai citizens aged 15 or older. Logistic regression was used to investigate the associations. The primary explanatory variable was self-reported exposure to alcohol advertisements. Covariates in the regression models included sex, age, and education. Self-reported exposure to alcohol advertisements was associated with past-year drinking (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07–1.27), past-year heavy drinking (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.28–1.41), and past-year heavy drinking among drinkers (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.43–1.60). Male sex, working age, and secondary education or a diploma were associated with higher odds of past-year drinking and past-year heavy drinking. In this study, self-reported exposure to alcohol advertisements was shown to be associated with past-year drinking and past-year heavy drinking among a population aged 15 years or older.

Impact of county-level surgical specialist density on breast (BrCa) and lung cancer (LuCa) mortality.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6064-6064
Author(s):  
Andrei Karpov ◽  
Winson Y. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
County Level ◽  
Surgical Workforce ◽  
Resource File ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mortality Table ◽  
Us Census ◽  
The Relationship

6064 Background: Variations in distribution of the surgical workforce may result in differential access to cancer screening and treatment. Our aim was to explore the relationship between county-level surgical specialist density and BrCa and LuCa mortality. Methods: Using data from Area Resource File, US Census and National Cancer Institute, regression models that controlled for cancer incidence, county demographics and socioeconomic factors were constructed to examine the association among a) general surgeon (GS) and radiation oncologist (RO) density with BrCa mortality and b) thoracic surgeon (ThS) and RO density with LuCa mortality. Plastic (PS) and transplant surgeons (TrS) were used as surgical controls as they were not expected to correlate significantly with BrCa or LuCa mortality. Results: A total of 1,557 and 2,044 US counties were analyzed for BrCa and LuCa, respectively: mean incidences were 119 and 75 and death rates were 25 and 59 per 100,000 people, respectively, for BrCa and LuCa. Mean specialist densities were 7.72 (GS), 0.80 (RO), and 0.97 (PS) [for BrCa counties] and 0.55 (ThS), 0.55 (RO), and 0.01 (TrS) [for LuCa counties] per 100,000. When compared to counties with no surgical specialist, those with at least one GS and RO for BrCa and at least one ThS and RO for LuCa were associated with decreased mortality (Table). Increasing the density of GS and RO beyond 9 and 1 per 100,000 did not result in significant reductions in BrCa mortality. Likewise, increasing the density of ThS and RO to above 1 each per 100,000 failed to yield further improvements in LuCa mortality. Counties with more elderly residents also correlated with worse BrCa and LuCa outcomes. Conclusions: The presence of specific surgical specialists is associated with lower BrCa and LuCa mortality. There appears to be a threshold at which point further increase in their density do not contribute to continued improvements in outcomes. Distributing the surgical workforce across all counties will offer population-based improvements in BrCa and LuCa mortality. [Table: see text]

Urban Homeownership and Mental Health: Mediating Effect of Perceived Sense of Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R. Manturuk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Trust ◽  
Control Part

What are the mechanisms responsible for homeowners’ better mental health? Social disorganization theory suggests that the relationship between homeownership and mental health is mediated by perceived sense of control, trust in neighbors, and residential stability. This hypothesis is tested using data collected from respondents in 30 low–wealth urban areas. Using propensity score matching and regression models, I find that low–income homeowners report a greater sense of control and trust in their neighbors than comparable renters. Homeownership likewise has an impact on mental health, but the effect is entirely mediated by perceived sense of control. Part of that mediating effect is related to avoiding serious delinquency in mortgage payments. However, subjective trust and residential mobility did not mediate the relationship between homeownership and mental health. The study findings are discussed in light of the need for a cohesive theory of homeownership, particularly given changing economic realities.

Women’s Autonomy and Support for Wife Beating: Findings From a Population-Based Survey in Jordan

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Linos ◽  
Marwan Khawaja ◽  
Mohannad Al-Nsour
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Population Based Survey

The aim of this study is to examine attitudes among married women toward wife beating and to investigate the hypothesis that female individual empowerment is associated with such attitudes within a broader context of societal patriarchy in Jordan. The study uses data from a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of married women (n = 5,390) conducted in 2002. Associations between acceptance of wife beating and several women’s empowerment variables, including decision-making power, as well as other risk factors were assessed, using odds ratios from binary logistic regression models. The key finding is that the vast majority (87.5%) of Jordanian women believe that wife beating is justified in at least one hypothetical scenario, and justification is negatively associated with empowerment variables and some demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic factors.

Multilevel Latent Class Profile Analysis: An Application to Stage-Sequential Patterns of Alcohol Use in a Sample of Canadian Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Yunah Lee ◽  
Youngsun Kim ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale ◽  
Hwan Chung
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Sequential Patterns ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
The Family ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Canada

Recently, latent class analysis (LCA) and its variants have been proposed to identify subgroups of individuals who follow similar sequential patterns of latent class membership for longitudinal study. A primary assumption underlying the family of LCA is that individual observations are independent. In many applications, however, particularly in research on adolescent substance use, individuals are often dependent because of multilevel data structure, where the unit of observation (e.g., students) is nested in higher level units (e.g., schools). In this study, we propose multilevel latent class profile analysis (MLCPA), which will allow us to analyze the longitudinal data with a multilevel structure under the framework of LCA. We apply an MLCPA using data from the COMPASS study, a 9-year study funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Health Canada, in order to identify representative sequential drinking patterns of Canadian youth and investigate whether these sequential patterns vary across schools. The MLCPA identified three common student-level drinking behaviors: non-drinker, ever lifetime, and binge drinker. The sequence of drinking behaviors can be classified into one of three longitudinal sequential patterns: non-drinking stayer, light drinking advancer, and heavy drinking advancer. In addition, MLCPA uncovered two latent clusters ( low-use school and high-use school) out of 64 schools in Ontario and Alberta based on the prevalences of sequential drinking patterns.

scholarly journals The association of diabetes and BMI among Melanesian and Indian Fijians aged ≥ 40 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry Brian ◽  
Jacqueline Ramke ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Louise Maher ◽  
John Szetu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Population Based Survey

The present study examines the association of diabetes with BMI (kg/m2) in Asian-Indian and Melanesian Fijian populations sharing a common environment. A population-based survey was used to investigate the risk of diabetes (defined by glycosylated Hb concentration ≥ 6·5 % among participants who denied previous diagnosis of the disease by a medical practitioner) by sex, ethnicity and strata of BMI in a series of age-adjusted logistic regression models. Ethnicity and BMI interactions were compared using WHO and empirically derived BMI cut-off points. Indians had a greater risk (BMI and age adjusted) of undetected diabetes than Melanesians in both males (OR 2·99, 95 % CI 1·73, 5·17; P < 0·001) and females (OR 2·26, 95 % CI 1·56, 3·28; P < 0·001). BMI ≥ 25 to < 30 and ≥ 30 kg/m2 conferred a higher risk of diabetes compared with a BMI ≥ 18·5 to < 25 kg/m2. Risk was higher for males with a BMI ≥ 25 to < 30 kg/m2 (OR 2·35, 95 % CI 1·24, 4·46; P = 0·007) and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR 6·08, 95 % CI 3·06, 12·07; P < 0·001) than for females with the same BMI (OR 1·85, 95 % CI 1·11, 3·08; P = 0·027 and OR 2·10, 95 % CI 1·28, 3·44; P = 0·002, respectively). However, the threshold that appeared to differentiate higher risk varied by ethnicity and sex. For Melanesians, BMI thresholds suggested were 25 kg/m2 for males and 32 kg/m2 for females. For Indo-Fijians, these were 24 and 22 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively. Disaggregating by ethnicity and sex, and applying specific evidence-based thresholds, may render BMI a more discriminating tool for assessing the risk of developing diabetes among Fiji adults.

Genetic epidemiology of binging and vomiting

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick F. Sullivan ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundBulimia nervosa is typically defined as the combination of the behaviours of binging and vomiting. We sought to clarify the relationship of these behaviours from a genetic epidemiological perspective.MethodUsing data on the lifetime history of binging and vomiting from a personally interviewed population-based sample of female twins (n = 1897), we applied bivariate twin modelling to estimate the sources of variation for these traits.ResultsThe association between having ever binged (23.6%) and having ever induced vomiting (4.8%) was very strong (odds ratio=8.78, P < 0.0001). The best-fitting model indicated that lifetime binging and vomiting were both heritable (46% and 72%) and influenced by individual-specific environmental factors (54% and 28%). The overlap between the genetic (ra = 0.74) and individual-specific environmental factors (re = 0.48) for the two traits was substantial. No violations of the equal environment assumption were evident.ConclusionsIncluding binging and vomiting under the rubric of bulimia nervosa appears to be appropriate. Our data are consistent with the identification of binging and vomiting as complex traits resulting from the interplay of multiple genes and individual-specific environmental influences. In contrast to ‘environmentalist’ theories, our results suggest that genetic influences may be of particular relevance to the aetiology of binging and vomiting.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and psychological correlates of suicidality among Hong Kong working-age adults: results from a population-based survey

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1759-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Y. LIU ◽  
ERIC Y. H. CHEN ◽  
CECILIA L. W. CHAN ◽  
DOMINIC T. S. LEE ◽  
Y. W. LAW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Reasons For Living ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background. The global toll of suicide is estimated to be one million lives per year, which exceeded the number of deaths by homicide and war combined. A key step to suicide prevention is to prevent less serious suicidal behaviour to preclude more lethal outcomes. Although 61% of the world's suicides take place in Asia and the suicide rates among middle age groups have been increasing since the economic crisis in many Asian countries, population-based studies of suicidal behaviour among working-age adults in non-western communities are scarce.Method. Data from a population-based survey with 2015 participants were used to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behaviour among the working-age population in Hong Kong, and to study the associated socio-economic and psychological correlates. We focused particularly on potential modulating factors between life-event-related factors and suicidal ideation.Results. Six per cent of the Hong Kong population aged 20–59 years considered suicide in the past year, while 1·4% attempted suicide. Hopelessness, reasons for living, and reluctance to seek help from family and friends had direct association with past-year suicidal ideation. Reasons for living were found to moderate the effect of perceived stress on suicidal ideation.Conclusions. Suicidality is a multi-faceted problem that calls for a multi-sectored, multi-layered approach to prevention. Prevention programmes can work on modulating factors such as reasons for living to reduce suicidal risk in working-age adults.

Seasonal variation of refractive error change among young schoolchildren in a population-based cohort study in Taipei

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Der-Chong Tsai ◽  
Nicole Huang ◽  
Shao-You Fang ◽  
Chih-Chien Hsu ◽  
Pei-Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Central Weather Bureau ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Calculated Average

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between seasonal variation of daylight length and spherical equivalent (SE) progression among the schoolchildren participating in the Myopia Investigation Study in Taipei.MethodsWe used the first-year data from grade 2 schoolchildren who completed all the baseline and two follow-up examinations (n=6790). There were two 6-month intervals between visits over winter and summer, respectively. For each interval, we calculated average daily daylight length using data from Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau and measured 6-month SE progression rate based on right eye cycloplegic autorefraction data. The midpoint month was defined as the month midway between two consecutive visits.ResultsBy the midpoint month, average daily daylight length was the shortest in December (671±7 min/day) and the longest (785±7 min/day) in June, and SE progression rate was the fastest (−0.23±0.48 D) in December and the slowest (−0.17±0.51 D) in June. Significant variation of SE progression rate with season can be observed only among the schoolchildren (n=1905) whose midpoint months for the winter and summer intervals were December and June (winter rate, −0.25±0.47 D; summer rate, −0.17±0.49 D; p<0.001). Of those, the summer progression rate was approximately 80%, 65% and 61.5% of that measured in winter for myopic (p=0.252), emmetropic (p=0.012) and hyperopic (p=0.012) schoolchildren, respectively.ConclusionOur data demonstrate a seasonal variation of minus shift in refractive error among Taipei schoolchildren who had significant daytime fluctuation during the 1-year follow-up. Of those, non-myopic children had significant and more pronounced variation of SE progression than myopic children.

CSF Aβ 42 levels correlate with amyloid-neuropathology in a population-based autopsy study

Neurology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Strozyk ◽  
K. Blennow ◽  
L. R. White ◽  
L. J. Launer
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diffuse Plaques

Objective: To investigate the relationship of amyloid neuropathology to postmortem CSF Aβ 42 levels in an autopsy sample of Japanese American men from the population-based Honolulu–Asia Aging Study.Methods: In 1991, participants were assessed and diagnosed with dementia (including subtype) based on published criteria. At death CSF was obtained from the ventricles. Neuritic plaques (NP) and diffuse plaques in areas of the neocortex and hippocampus were examined using Bielschowsky silver stains. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) was measured by immunostaining for β4 amyloid in cerebral vessels in the neocortex. Neuropathologically confirmed AD was diagnosed using Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease criteria. In 155 autopsy samples, log transformed linear regression models were used to examine the association of NP and CAA to Aβ 42 levels, controlling for clinical dementia severity, time between diagnosis and death, age at death, brain weight, hours between death and collection of CSF, education, and APOE genotype.Results: Higher numbers of NP in the neocortex (p trend = 0.001) and in the hippocampus (p trend = 0.03) were strongly associated with lower levels of Aβ 42. Individuals with CAA had lower Aβ 42 levels (β coefficient = −0.48; 95% CI −0.9, −0.1). Compared to participants with a diagnosis of clinical dementia, those with pathologically confirmed AD had lower Aβ 42 levels (β coefficient = −0.74; 95% CI −1.4, −0.1).Conclusion: The current study suggests that lower Aβ 42 levels reflect neuropathologic processes implicated in amyloid-related pathologies, such as NP and CAA.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Obese Patients with COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using UK Biobank

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Xiude Fan ◽  
Zhengwen Liu ◽  
Kyle L. Poulsen ◽  
Xiaoqin Wu ◽  
Tatsunori Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Using Data

Background: Acute and chronic alcohol abuse has adverse impacts on both the innate and adaptive immune response, which may result in reduced resistance to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and promote the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are no large population-based data evaluating potential causal associations between alcohol consumption and COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a Mendelian randomization study using data from UK Biobank to explore the association between alcohol consumption and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and serious clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. A total of 12,937 participants aged 50–83 who tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 16 March to 27 July 2020 (12.1% tested positive) were included in the analysis. The exposure factor was alcohol consumption. Main outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 positivity and death in COVID-19 patients. We generated allele scores using three genetic variants (rs1229984 (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B, ADH1B), rs1260326 (Glucokinase Regulator, GCKR), and rs13107325 (Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 8, SLC39A8)) and applied the allele scores as the instrumental variables to assess the effect of alcohol consumption on outcomes. Analyses were conducted separately for white participants with and without obesity. Results: Of the 12,937 participants, 4496 were never or infrequent drinkers and 8441 were frequent drinkers. Both logistic regression and Mendelian randomization analyses found no evidence that alcohol consumption was associated with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in participants either with or without obesity (All q > 0.10). However, frequent drinking, especially heavy drinking (HR = 2.07, 95%CI 1.24–3.47; q = 0.054), was associated with higher risk of death in patients with obesity and COVID-19, but not in patients without obesity. Notably, the risk of death in frequent drinkers with obesity increased slightly with the average amount of alcohol consumed weekly (All q < 0.10). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that alcohol consumption has adverse effects on the progression of COVID-19 in white participants with obesity, but was not associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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