‘I Live a Kind of Shadow Life’: Individual Experiences of COVID-19 Recovery and the Impact on Physical Activity Levels

Understanding of strategies to support individuals recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. ‘Long COVID’ is a multisystem disease characterised by a range of respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal symptoms extending beyond 12 weeks. The aim of this study was to explore individuals’ experiences of recovering from COVID-19 to provide a better understanding of the acute and long-term impact of the disease on physical activity (PA). Individualised semi-structured interviews were conducted with 48 adults recovering from COVID-19 at 6–11 months post-infection. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used, reaching saturation at 14 interviews (10 female; 47 ± 7 years). Four overarching themes were identified: (i) Living with COVID-19, including managing activities of daily living; (ii) Dealing with the Unknown and self-management strategies; (iii) Re-introducing physical activity; and (iv) Challenges of returning to work. The return to PA, whether through activities of daily living, work or exercise, is often associated with the exacerbation of symptoms, presenting a range of challenges for individuals recovering from COVID-19. Individually tailored support is therefore required to address the unique challenges posed by COVID-19.

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Relationships between prolonged physical and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced physical activity and disability in activities of daily living among people with advanced respiratory disease

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

10.1177/14799731211035822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 147997312110358

Author(s):

Lucy Fettes ◽

Joanne Bayly ◽

Leonora Michelle de Bruin ◽

Malini Patel ◽

Stephen Ashford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Daily Living ◽

Daily Activities ◽

World Health ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

The Impact

In people with advanced respiratory disease, we examined (i) the impact of COVID-19–related physical and social isolation on physical activity and (ii) relationships between time spent in isolation and disability in activities of daily living. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease or interstitial lung disease. Measures included change in physical activity since physically and socially isolating (Likert scale) and disability (Barthel Index and Lawton–Brody IADL scale) or difficulty (World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule-2.0) in daily activities. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with disability in daily activities. 194/201 participants were isolating for a median [IQR] 5 [3–8]-month period, often leading to lower levels of physical activity at home ( n = 94, 47%), and outside home ( n = 129, 65%). 104 (52%) and 142 (71%) were not fully independent in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, respectively. 96% reported some degree of difficulty in undertaking daily activities. Prolonged physical and social isolation related to increased disability in basic (r = −0.28, p < 0.001) and instrumental (r = −0.24, p < 0.001) activities of daily living, and greater difficulty in daily activities (r = 0.22, p = 0.002). Each month spent in physical or social isolation was independently related to disability in basic activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR], 1.17 [95% CI: 1.03–1.33], p = 0.013). These findings suggest disability in daily activities is associated with prolonged physical or social isolation, which may present as difficulty in people who are fully independent. Post-isolation recovery and rehabilitation needs should be considered for all people deemed extremely clinically vulnerable.

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Effect of Different Types of Physical Activity on Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2016-0201 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 653-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Christine E. Roberts ◽

Louise H. Phillips ◽

Clare L. Cooper ◽

Stuart Gray ◽

Julia L. Allan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Daily Living ◽

Activity Level ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Activity Type ◽

Physical Activity Levels

Physical activity is associated with greater independence in old age. However, little is known about the effect of physical activity level and activity type on activities of daily living (ADL). This review systematically analyzed the effects of physical activity level and activity type on ADL in older adults (mean age, 60+). Electronic search methods (up to March 2015) identified 47 relevant, randomized controlled trials. Random effects meta-analyses revealed significant, beneficial effects of physical activity on ADL physical performance (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI [0.45, 1.00];p < .01), with the largest effects found for moderate physical activity levels, and for activity types with high levels of mental (e.g., memory, attention), physical (e.g., coordination, balance) and social (e.g., social interaction) demands. Inconsistent effects were observed on self-reported ADL measures. Interventions that include moderate physical activity levels with high mental, physical, and social demands may produce the greatest benefits on ADL physical performance.

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Relation of chair rising ability to activities of daily living and physical activity in Parkinson’s disease

Archives of Physiotherapy ◽

10.1186/s40945-020-00094-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mon S. Bryant ◽

Gu Eon Kang ◽

Elizabeth J. Protas

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Motor Impairment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Many persons living with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have difficulty rising from a chair. Impaired ability to perform the chair rise may be associated with low physical activity levels and reduced ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). Methods Cross-sectional analysis was performed in 88 persons with PD to study the association of chair rising ability with ADL and physical activity. Results We found that the participants who pushed themselves up from the chair had more severe PD, higher motor impairment and more comorbidity than those who rose from a chair normally. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale ADL (UPDRS-ADL), Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale (SE-ADL) and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) scores for the participants who pushed themselves up to rise (17.20 ± 7.53; 76.67 ± 13.23; 46.18 ± 52.64, respectively) were significantly poorer than for those who rose normally (10.35 ± 3.79; 87.64 ± 8.30; 112.90 ± 61.40, respectively) (all p < .05). Additionally, PASE scores were significantly poorer for participants who pushed themselves up to rise compared to those who rose slowly (95.21 ± 60.27) (p < .01). Pushing up to rise from a chair was a significant predictor of UPDRS-ADL (β = .357; p < .001; R2 = .403), SE-ADL (β = −.266; p = .009; R2 = .257) and PASE (β = −.250; p = .016; R2 = .162). Conclusions Ability to rise from a chair was associated with ADL limitation and physical activity in persons with PD. Poor ability to rise from a chair may prevent persons from living independently and engaging in physical activity.

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Pengaruh senam lansia terhadap derajat depresi pada lansia di panti werda

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.1.2016.10823 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Richard Kowel ◽

Herlina I. S. Wungouw ◽

Vanda D. Doda

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ◽

Positive Feelings ◽

The Impact

Abstract: Depression is a serious medical illness with mood, cognitive, and physical symptoms. Mood symptoms include depressed, sad, or irritable mood; loss of interest in usual activities; inability to experience pleasure; feelings of guilt or worthlessness; and thoughts of death or suicide. Cognitive symptoms include inability to concentrate and difficulty in making decisions. Physical symptoms include fatigue, lack of energy and changes in sleep, appetite, and activity levels. Geriatric depression is more severe than depression in other groups of age, where it causes depressive symptomps to 15% elderly. This study was carried out to identify the impact of Senam Lansia on the degree of depression in elderly. This is an experimental study that was conducted to 18 participants that live in Senja Cerah Hospice Manado. The degree of depression was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. This 8-weeks senam-lansia-intervented study found a positively moderate and significant impact of Senam Lansia on the degree of depression in elderly (r = 0,594; p < 0,05). Futhermore, Senam Lansia has a positive impact on participants’ activities of daily living (ADL) such as increasing mobility and appetite, decreasing muscle fatigue, and developing positive feelings such as happy, healthy, fresh and fit.Keywords: elderly, depression, senam lansiaAbstrak: Depresi merupakan kondisi medis serius dengan gejala-gejala mood, kognitif dan fisik. Gejala-gejala mood termasuk depresi, sedih, dan mood irritable; kehilangan minat dalam aktivitas sehari-hari; ketidakmampuan untuk merasakan kesenangan; perasaan bersalah dan tidak berharga; dan ide-ide kematian dan bunuh diri. Gejala-gejala kognitif termasuk ketidakmampuan untuk berkonsentrasi dan kesulitan dalam dalam membuat keputusan. Gejala-gejala fisik termasuk kelelahan, kekurangan energi, dan perubahan tidur, nafsu makan, dan tingkat aktivitas. Depresi lansia lebih parah dibandingkan depresi pada grup usia lain, di mana depresi pada lansia memunculkan gejala depresi pada 15% lansia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh Senam Lansia terhadap derajat depresi pada lansia. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan pada 18 responden yang tinggal di Panti Werda Senja Cerah Manado. Derajat depresi dinilai menggunakan Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Penelitian dengan intervensi Senam Lansia selama 8 minggu ini didapatkan bahwa Senam Lansia secara signifikan dan berkorelasi positif sedang dengan penurunan derajat depresi lansia (r = 0,594; p < 0,05). Selain itu, Senam Lansia mempunyai dampak positif pada Activities of Daily Living (ADL) seperti peningkatan mobilitas dan nafsu makan, penurunan kelelahan otot, dan perasaan senang, sehat, segar dan bugar.Kata kunci: lansia, depresi, senam lansia

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The impact of multidimensional physical activity feedback on healthcare practitioners and patients

BJGP Open ◽

10.3399/bjgpopen18x101628 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. bjgpopen18X101628 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Max J Western ◽

Dylan Thompson ◽

Oliver J Peacock ◽

Afroditi Stathi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary Care ◽

At Risk ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

The Impact ◽

Personalised Feedback ◽

Low Activity

BackgroundPromotion of physical activity in primary care has had limited success. Wearable technology presents an opportunity to support healthcare practitioners (HCPs) in providing personalised feedback to their patients.AimTo explore the differing thoughts and feelings of both HCPs and at-risk patients provided with personalised multidimensional physical activity feedback.Design & settingQualitative study with HCPs (n = 15) and patients at risk of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes (n = 29), recruited from primary care.MethodHCPs and patients wore a physical activity monitor for 7 days and were subsequently shown their personalised multidimensional feedback, including sedentary time, calorie burn, short (1-minute) or long (>10-minute) bouts of moderate-to-vigorous activity during semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed thematically with comparisons made between individuals of high (n = 21) and low (n = 23) physical activity levels as to their cognitive–affective responses to their data.ResultsPersonalised feedback elicited positive emotional responses for highly active participants and negative emotional responses for those with low activity. However, individuals with low activity demonstrated largely positive coping mechanisms. Some low active participants were in denial over feedback, but the majority valued it as an opportunity to think of ways to improve physical activity (cognitive reappraisal) and started forming action plans (problem-focused coping). Around half of all participants also sought to validate their feedback against peers.ConclusionPersonalised, visual feedback elicits immediate emotional and coping responses in participants of high and low physical activity levels. Further studies should explore whether multidimensional feedback could help practitioners explore diverse ways for lifestyle change with patients.

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Study Protocol for the Evaluation of the Health Effects of Superblocks in Barcelona: The “Salut Als Carrers” (Health in the Streets) Project

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2956

Author(s):

Laia Palència ◽

Brenda Biaani León-Gómez ◽

Xavier Bartoll ◽

Juli Carrere ◽

Elia Díez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Public Space ◽

Health Effects ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Health Impact ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Impact

Superblocks are currently being introduced in Barcelona to respond to the city’s scarcity of green spaces and high levels of air pollution, traffic injuries, and sedentariness. The aim is to calm the streets by reducing the number of square meters dedicated to private vehicles and to reclaim part of this public space for people. Salut als Carrers (Health in the Streets) is a project to evaluate the potential environmental and health effects of the superblock model with an equity perspective in Barcelona. This study aims to explain the various interventions implemented in different neighborhoods in Barcelona and the methods that will be used to evaluate them in a quasi-experimental and health impact assessment (HIA) approaches. Given the complexity of the intervention evaluated, the project employs mixed methodologies. Quantitative methods include: (a) a pre–post health survey of 1200 people randomly selected from the municipal register asked about self-perceived health and quality of life, social support, mental health, mobility, physical activity, neighborhood characteristics, and housing; (b) pre–post environmental measurements, mainly of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter of less than 10 µm (PM10), and particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and black carbon; (c) pre–post environmental walkability measures using the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) tool; (d) use of public space and physical activity levels using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), a validated observation tool; (e) pre–post traffic injury measures with a comparison group; and (f) the comparison and integration of pre–post assessment with previous HIAs and the improvement of future HIAs. Qualitative studies will be performed to analyze residents’ perception of these effects by using: (a) various focus groups according to different participant characteristics who are more or less likely to use the superblocks; and (b) a guerrilla ethnography, which is a method that combines ethnographic observation and semi-structured interviews. This study, which evaluates the impact of an ambitious urban-renewal program on health, will help to assess the effectiveness of public policy in terms of health and health inequalities.

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Physical activity cancels the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences and depression on functional dependence

10.31236/osf.io/ms2u7 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Matthieu P Boisgontier ◽

Dan Orsholits ◽

Martina von Arx ◽

Stefan Sieber ◽

Delphine Courvoisier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Daily Living ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Functional Dependence ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact

Adverse childhood experiences, depression, and functional dependence are inter-related. However, mechanisms underlying this relation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the potential of depression to mediate the effect of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence in older age and whether physical activity moderated this mediation. Data from 25,775 adults aged 62±9 years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was used in adjusted linear mixed-effect models to test whether depression mediated the associations between adverse childhood experiences and functional dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and whether physical activity moderated these mediations. As expected, adverse childhood experiences were positively associated with ADL (b = .040 for 0 vs. 1 and b = .067 for 0 vs. ≥2 adverse childhood experiences) and IADL (b = .046 for 0 vs. 1 and b = .076 for 0 vs. ≥2 adverse childhood experiences). Both associations were mediated by depression. Physical activity reduced the effect of adverse childhood experiences on depression (b = -.060 for 0 vs. 1 and b = -.135 for 0 vs. ≥2 adverse childhood experiences) and canceled the effect of depression on functional dependence in ADL (b = .073) and IADL (b = .100), thereby eliminating the effect of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence. Physical activity cancels the impact of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence. In inactive individuals, the effect of adverse childhood experiences on functional dependence (ADL and IADL) is mediated by depression.

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Nutritional status, activities of daily living and physical activity in aged residents in 10 German nursing homes*

Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-2007-983380 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (03) ◽

Author(s):

J Bai ◽

S Lesser ◽

S Paker-Eichelkraut ◽

S Overzier ◽

S Strathmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living

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The Impact of Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Physical Activity Levels in Adult Students

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 446

Author(s):

Anna Rutkowska ◽

Katarzyna Kacperak ◽

Sebastian Rutkowski ◽

Luisa Cacciante ◽

Pawel Kiper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Adult Students ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Metabolic Equivalent ◽

Free Mobility ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sport And Recreation ◽

The Impact ◽

Activity Questionnaire

The lockdown with a prohibition of free mobility introduced in many countries has affected restrictions in physical activity (PA). The purpose of the study was to compare PA during restrictions and the “unfreezing” stage. The study group consisted of 89 healthy adult students. To assess the level of PA, a long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. The first evaluation was carried out in the period from 16 to 20 April 2020 at the time of the lockdown and the second in the period from 11 to 14 May 2020 during the so-called “unfreezing”. The average total PA rate during the first measurement was 8640 metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week and in the second, 10,560 MET-min/week. The analysis of total energy expenditure showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.029). The establishment of “unfreezing” laws for sport and recreation and the reduction of restrictions have significantly contributed to an increase in the overall level of PA. Based on our outcomes, we recommend students follow the scientific guidelines for undertaking PA (i.e., WHO) during the pandemic in order to maintain an appropriate pro-healthy dose of exercise.

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