scholarly journals Relationship between Psychological Status and Health Behaviors during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11512
Author(s):  
Shuichi Hara ◽  
Hiroko Miura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hita ◽  
Sahara Sasaki ◽  
Hidetoshi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Structure Evaluation ◽  
Stress And Health

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to be a widespread pandemic. We investigated the relationship between anxiety/stress and health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in homebound Japanese older adults during January and February 2021. We surveyed 1507 community-dwelling, older Japanese adults using a self-administered questionnaire on primary attributes, including family structure, evaluation of psychological anxiety/stress, and health behaviors. Participants were divided into four anxiety/stress groups based on the frequency of experiencing anxiety/stress, and their association with health behaviors was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Responses were received from 469 (31.1%) respondents. In the bivariate analysis, age and family structure were significantly associated with anxiety/stress (p < 0.01). The health behaviors significantly associated with anxiety/stress were walking, balanced eating habits, limited snacking, regular lifestyle, and dental visits. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the variables in the bivariate analysis that showed a significant association with anxiety/stress status as independent variables. Finally, age and dietary habits were significantly associated with anxiety/stress status. No significant associations were found between any other variables. Among older adults living in the rural areas of Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety/stress status was significantly associated with age and dietary habits but not with other health behaviors.

scholarly journals Owners’ Perceptions of Pet influence: Relation to Health Outcomes & Pet Attachment in Community-Living Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 926-926
Author(s):  
Erika Friedmann ◽  
Nancy Gee ◽  
Eleanor Simonsick ◽  
Barbara Resnick ◽  
Erik Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Fiscal Health ◽  
Pet Attachment

Abstract Pet ownership (PO) has been linked to better health outcomes in older adults, particularly those with chronic health conditions. It is suggested that pets influence their owners lives both by encouraging social interaction and by interfering with owners’ willingness or ability to seek care for themselves. We use data from 6 questions about the positive and negative influence of pets on community dwelling older adults’ administered to pet owners (N=223, age &gt;=50 years) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. We use principal components analysis (oblique rotation) to extract dimensions of owner’s perceptions of pet influences (PPI) and examine the relationship of these dimensions to owners’ cognitive, physical functional, and psychological status. Three dimensions of PPI include: fiscal/health challenges (F1: 3 items, alpha=0.70), wellness promotion (F2: 2 items, alpha=0.80); and reason for social/travel constraints (F3: 1 item). In regression analysis with all factors entered simultaneously, after controlling for age, higher magnitude of F1 significantly independently predicted poor physical quality of life (p=.0007), greater perceived stress (p=0.041), and lower happiness (p=0.014); F2 did not independently predict any health outcome; higher F3 significantly independently predicted lower emotional vitality (p=0.048). Controlling for age, all three factors were independent predictors of pet attachment (p’s=0.001, 0.010, 0.047, respectively). F1 and F3 were positively and F2 was negatively correlated with attachment. PPI was associated with owners’ physical and mental health. Perhaps older adults with higher attachment to pets are more likely to keep them despite higher challenges.

scholarly journals Impact of a Wearable Device-Based Walking Programs in Rural Older Adults on Physical Activity and Health Outcomes: Cohort Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Young Jang ◽  
Hae Reong Kim ◽  
Eunju Lee ◽  
Hee-Won Jung ◽  
Hyelim Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

BACKGROUND Community-dwelling older adults living in rural areas are in a less favorable environment for health care compared with urban older adults. We believe that intermittent coaching through wearable devices can help optimize health care for older adults in medically limited environments. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate whether a wearable device and mobile-based intermittent coaching or self-management could increase physical activity and health outcomes of small groups of older adults in rural areas. METHODS To address the above evaluation goal, we carried out the “Smart Walk” program, a health care model wherein a wearable device is used to promote self-exercise particularly among community-dwelling older adults managed by a community health center. We randomly selected older adults who had enrolled in a population-based, prospective cohort study of aging, the Aging Study of Pyeongchang Rural Area. The “Smart Walk” program was a 13-month program conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 and included 6 months of coaching, 1 month of rest, and 6 months of self-management. We evaluated differences in physical activity and health outcomes according to frailty status and conducted pre- and postanalyses of the Smart Walk program. We also performed intergroup analysis according to adherence of wearable devices. RESULTS We recruited 22 participants (11 robust and 11 prefrail older adults). The two groups were similar in most of the variables, except for age, frailty index, and Short Physical Performance Battery score associated with frailty criteria. After a 6-month coaching program, the prefrail group showed significant improvement in usual gait speed (mean 0.73 [SD 0.11] vs mean 0.96 [SD 0.27], P=.02), International Physical Activity Questionnaire scores in kcal (mean 2790.36 [SD 2224.62] vs mean 7589.72 [SD 4452.52], P=.01), and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions score (mean 0.84 [SD 0.07] vs mean 0.90 [SD 0.07], P=.02), although no significant improvement was found in the robust group. The average total step count was significantly different and was approximately four times higher in the coaching period than in the self-management period (5,584,295.83 vs 1,289,084.66, P<.001). We found that participants in the “long-self” group who used the wearable device for the longest time showed increased body weight and body mass index by mean 0.65 (SD 1.317) and mean 0.097 (SD 0.513), respectively, compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Our “Smart Walk” program improved physical fitness, anthropometric measurements, and geriatric assessment categories in a small group of older adults in rural areas with limited resources for monitoring. Further validation through various rural public health centers and in a large number of rural older adults is required.

scholarly journals Religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Claudia Payan ◽  
Geraldine Altamar ◽  
Jose F Gomez Montes ◽  
Harold G Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To identify the relationship between religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia. Methods: Data are drawn from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia Study, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015 involving 18,871 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older living in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Religiosity was assessed by self-rated religiosity (how religious are you: not at all, somewhat or very). Self-rated health during previous 30 days was assessed as very good, good, fair, poor or very poor, analyzed as an ordinal variable(1-5) using weighted logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. Results: Those who were more religious were older, female, had lower socioeconomic status, and were more likely to be married. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that older adults who were more religious had better self-rated health (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.86- 0.99, p= 0.038); however, there was a significant interaction effect between gender and religiosity on self-rated health (p= 0.002), such that the relationship between religiosity and health was stronger in men (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.94, p= 0.001) but not significant in women. Conclusion: Older adults in Colombia who consider themselves more religious, especially men, are less likely to perceive their physical health as poor compared to those who are less religious.

scholarly journals Perception of COVID-19 Restrictions on Daily Life among Japanese Older Adults: A Qualitative Focus Group Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Risa Takashima ◽  
Ryuta Onishi ◽  
Kazuko Saeki ◽  
Michiyo Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Social Risks

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed older adults to health and social risks. This study examined the perceptions of community-dwelling older adults regarding how COVID-19 restricted their daily lives. Six focus-group interviews were conducted with 24 participants (mean age, 78.2 ± 5.5 years) living in urban and rural areas in Japan. Then, a qualitative inductive content analysis was performed. Six themes were generated: “fear of infection and public, watchful eyes,” “consistency in daily personal life,” “pain from reducing my social life,” “readiness to endure a restricted life,” “awareness of positive changes in myself,” and “concern for a languishing society.” There was no change that would make their lives untenable, and they continued their daily personal lives at a minimum level. However, their social lives were reduced, which over the long term can lead to a lost sense of purpose in life. This was reported as an adverse factor in the development of other diseases and functional decline in previous studies. While there is no doubt that infection prevention is important, supporting older adults in engaging in activities that provide a sense of purpose in life could contribute to their present and future overall health including mental health.

scholarly journals Oral hygiene, dietary habits and prevalence of dental caries in adolescents from rural and urban areas in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Tássia Silvana BORGES ◽  
Moisés Zacarias CARDOSO ◽  
Mixianni Justo FORTUNA ◽  
Cézane Priscila REUTER ◽  
Simone IMPERATORE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the condition of oral hygiene, dietary habits and prevalence of dental caries in adolescents, listing these habits and comparing residents from rural and urban areas. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving of 623 adolescents of both sexes, aged 12 to 17 year old in Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires and dental examination. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the exposure variables and outcome. A bivariate analysis was then performed using the Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of caries was 63.6%, in which adolescents living in rural areas had a prevalence of 70.7% and 56.4% in the urban area. The level of mother’s education ≤4 years and socioeconomic class B1/B2 and C1/C2 showed statistically significant differences between the areas of residence. Among the demographic variables, the rural area showed a higher prevalence of caries. Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of dental caries among the adolescents studied and indicate a correlation between prevalence and the low level of mother’s education, socioeconomic status (low to medium) and residence in rural areas. It should be understood that, while the multifactorial nature and stratified caries actions are not taken into consideration, the actions implemented will continue to fail, frustrating the expectations set by government entities.

scholarly journals Association of family structure with gain and loss of household headship among older adults in India: Analysis of panel data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252722
Author(s):  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Muhammad Thalil ◽  
Rashmi Rashmi ◽  
Ronak Paul
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Household Headship

Background Despite huge changes in demographic behaviors, the family continues to be the major source of psychosocial support for older adults in India. The loss of household headship can be a cause of disregard for the aged and is associated in a very fundamental way with other status losses. Our study used the two rounds of the India Human Development Survey to understand the association of family structure on the gain or loss status of household headship among 10,527 older adults. Method Bivariate analysis was done using the chi-square test for association. Equivalently, the multivariate analysis involved estimating multivariable logistic regression models. Multicollinearity did not affect the estimates from the regression models. For examining headship transition, we performed two complete sets of analysis, by taking gain in headship and loss in headship as the outcome variable respectively. Results Across two rounds, a major shift in family structure was noticed as 6.8% of households moved from extended to a single generation. Results indicate that family structure was significantly associated with gaining and losing headship among older adults. Headship loss was more common among nuclear [OR: 2.16; CI: 1.28, 3.65] and extended [OR: 2.76; CI: 1.64, 4.66] family structures. Moreover, gaining headship was found to be significantly associated with married, educated, and working older adults. Conclusion Since living in single generation household may preferably be encouraged among older adults than their living in a complex household without headship and value they deserve, the public intervention may support the independent living within the older population through housing policies that create additional choices presented to older adults making residential decisions.

scholarly journals Association of Early-Life Family and Nieghborhood Circumstances With Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 441-442
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jie Tan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract A growing body of literature suggests that early life circumstances can influence mental health throughout the lifespan. However, how these early life circumstances cumulatively contribute to depression in old age is not completely understood. The present study examined the associations of eight factors representing multifaceted early life experience at individual, family, and community levels with depression among community-dwelling older adults. Data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We included 8,239 community-dwelling individuals who were ≥60 years, completed the life history questionnaire, and had assessment of depression. Chi-square test was used to examine the unadjusted associations between each of the eight early life risk factors and depression. An early life disadvantage index was established using risk factors that were significantly associated with depression. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of each early life risk factor and the index with depression. Of 8,239 individuals included, 2,055 (24.9%) had depression. In bivariate analysis, each of eight early life risk factors was significantly associated with depression. Except for maternal and paternal education, all risk factors persisted to be associated with depression after multivariable adjustment. In the multivariable-adjusted model, a one-point higher in the early life disadvantage index (range: 0-6) was associated with a 45% (95% CI: 37%, 53%) higher odds of depression. There was a strong association between early life environments and depressive symptoms among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Adverse early life circumstances could contribute cumulatively to depression in old age.

scholarly journals Hope As A Motivator For Healthy Behaviors In Older Adults: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1016-1016
Author(s):  
Mushira Khan ◽  
Patrick Hill ◽  
Catherine O'Brien ◽  
Dugan O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Future Selves ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Hope can be understood as a motivational state that enables people to move toward their goals. Yet, how hope may act as a motivator for healthy behaviors in older adults is not well-understood. Further, the extant literature utilizes varied conceptualizations of hope, and a better understanding of the constructs that underlie the relationship between hope and health behaviors is needed. This study examined the relationship between hope and health behaviors, explored how this relationship may differ across different socio-demographic groups, and considered how hope relates to perceived future selves among older adults. Community-dwelling adults 55 years and older (n = 711; mean age 67.38 years; 280 men, 431 women) completed an online, cross-sectional survey. Survey measures included, along with the Adult Hope Scale (AHS) and the Herth Hope Index (HHI), a health behaviors checklist, self-reported health, and a future self scale. We found a moderately strong positive correlation between hope and healthy behaviors in older adults (AHS r = 0.46, p &lt; .01; HHI r = 0.50, p &lt; .01). Participants with higher levels of hope also reported more positive future selves and better health. The associations were similar across different racial/ethnic groups and the magnitude of this effect held even after controlling for gender, education, marital status, and income. Of the two hope scales, we recommend the AHS measure given its relative parsimony, greater use in the field, and the fact that the associations were fairly similar to the HHI with respect to health and health behavior.

scholarly journals Fatigue-Related Factors for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Diabetes: A Theory-Guided Multi-Dimensional Approach Using the Dynamic Biopsychosocial Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyerang Kim ◽  
Heesook Son
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Older adults with diabetes appear more susceptible to fatigue compared to younger adults with diabetes or healthy older adults, since aging and diabetes independently and synergistically influence fatigue. Few studies have investigated fatigue in older adults with diabetes using a multidimensional approach. This study explored the influences of physical, psychological, interpersonal, and contextual factors on diabetes fatigue using a dynamic biopsychosocial model. Face-to-face surveys were administered to community-dwelling older adults with diabetes and included variables across four domains (i.e., physical, psychological, interpersonal, and contextual factors). Univariate analyses and multiple linear regression were used. The mean fatigue score was 3.94 (standard deviation (SD) = 1.81) out of 7, and the prevalence of fatigue was 48.8%. Significant differences in fatigue severity by psychological, interpersonal, and contextual factors were found. Comorbidity and psychological factors were significant predictors of fatigue in the model, explaining 31.9% of the variance. As nearly half the sample experienced moderate or severe fatigue, which was significantly influenced by both comorbidity and psychological factors, including depression, sleep quality, and diet-related psychological characteristics, assessing patients’ psychological status may be important. Awareness of fatigue could be incorporated into dietary interventions for older adults with diabetes.

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