scholarly journals Effect of a UV-C Automatic Last-Generation Mobile Robotic System on Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13019
Author(s):  
Carla Russo ◽  
Desirée Bartolini ◽  
Cristina Corbucci ◽  
Anna Maria Stabile ◽  
Mario Rende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Irradiation Effect ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Background: Healthcare-associated infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens are associated with increased mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Inanimate surfaces, and in particular high-touch surfaces, have often been described as the source for outbreaks of nosocomial infections. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a last-generation mobile (robotic) irradiation UV-C light device R2S on MDR microorganisms in inanimate surfaces and its translation to hospital disinfection. Methods: The efficacy of R2S system was evaluated in environmental high-touch surfaces of two separate outpatient rooms of Perugia Hospital in Italy. The static UV-C irradiation effect was investigated on both the bacterial growth of S. aureus, MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae KPC and photoreactivation. The antimicrobial activity was also tested on different surfaces, including glass, steel, and plastic. Results: In the environmental tests, the R2S system decreased the number of bacteria, molds, and yeasts of each high-touch spot surface (HTSs) compared with manual sanitization. UV-C light irradiation significantly inhibits in vitro bacterial growth, also preventing photoreactivation. UV-C light bactericidal activity on MDR microorganisms is affected by the type of materials of inanimate surfaces. Conclusions: The last-generation mobile R2S system is a more reliable sanitizing procedure compared with its manual counterpart.

scholarly journals MICROORGANISMS VARIANTS FOR HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN A SELECTED TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
SARALA KS ◽  
NANDAKUMAR BS ◽  
NARENDRANATH V
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objective: Microorganisms are minute and can be only in microscope and these are not visible to naked eyes. Various types of microbe include bacteria, virus, fungi, and protozoa. These microorganisms are subclassified and these are disease causing leading to mortality and morbidity. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) arise from different variants of microbes and knowing the category of microbes for treating the diseases with specific antibiotics is important for better patient outcome. Methods: Using secondary data, all the patients who had HAI for 3 years were taken into consideration by considering the different variants of microorganisms. Results: Retrospective data collected for the period of 3 years the inpatients who got admitted for more than 48 h of duration, the data collected included the parameters for various microorganisms such as Bacilli, cocci, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Aures, other micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli, Citrobacter, and Pseudomonas microorganisms. Bacilli group of microorganisms was more common for urinary tract infection, blood stream infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Aures was more common among surgical site infection infections. Conclusions: Most of the patients who had an HAI had two or more different kind of microorganisms which are responsible for spreading infection. There is a need to control microbial flora in the hospital set up as the rate of HAI increases with microbial flora.

scholarly journals In vitro anti-malarial efficacy of chalcones: cytotoxicity profile, mechanism of action and their effect on erythrocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Sinha ◽  
Daniela I. Batovska ◽  
Bikash Medhi ◽  
B. D. Radotra ◽  
Ashish Bhalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract Background Malaria extensively leads to mortality and morbidity in endemic regions, and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is alarming. Plant derived synthetic pharmaceutical compounds are found to be a foremost research to obtain diverse range of potent leads. Amongst them, the chalcone scaffold is a functional template for drug discovery. The present study involves synthesis of ten chalcones with various substitution pattern in rings A and B and assessment of their anti-malarial efficacy against chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine resistant strains as well as of their cytotoxicity and effect on haemozoin production. Methods The chalcones were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation between equimolar quantities of substituted acetophenones and aryl benzaldehydes (or indole-3-carboxaldehyde) and were screened for anti-malarial activity by WHO Mark III schizont maturation inhibition assay. The cytotoxicity profile of a HeLa cell line was evaluated through MTT viability assay and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated. Haemozoin inhibition assay was performed to illustrate mode of action on a Plasmodium falciparum strain. Results The IC50 values of all compounds were in the range 0.10–0.40 μg/mL for MRC-2 (a chloroquine sensitive strain) and 0.14–0.55 μg/mL for RKL-9 (a chloroquine resistant strain) of P. falciparum. All the chalcones showed low cellular toxicity with minimal haemolysis. The statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the haemozoin production suggests a similar mechanism than that of chloroquine. Conclusions Out of ten chalcones, number 7 was found to be a lead compound with the highest potency (IC50 = 0.11 µg/mL), as compared to licochalcone (IC50 = 1.43 µg/mL) and with high selectivity index of 85.05.

scholarly journals Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in a Tunisian university hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hannachi ◽  
A Ben Cheikh ◽  
S Bhiri ◽  
H Ghali ◽  
S Khefacha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Introduction Healthcare -associated infections has become a worldwide public health problem. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of healthcare- associated infections in a university hospital of Tunisia. Methods This was a cohort study conducted in six intensive care units in a university hospital of Tunisia during three months (from august to October 2018). Data was provided from patients’ files. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Multivariate analysis was used in order to identify independent risk factors for healthcare associated infection. Results A total of 202 patients were enrolled in this study. The incidence rate of healthcare-associated infections was 53,96%(109/202). The ratio infection/infected was estimated to 1.65(109/66). The incidence of multi-drug resistant pathogens was 21,28% (43/202). The most common resistant pathogens included pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to cefdazidime in 13,76%(15/109) followed by those resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporin 11.92% (13/109), followed by carbapenem-resistant acinetobcater baumanii 6,42%(7/109) then by carbapenem resistant pathogens and enterococcus resistant to vancomycin 2.75%(3/109) and finally staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin 2.1%(2/1.83). The multivariate analysis showed that long duration of central line catheterisation (RR = 7.44; 95%CI[2.79-19.82]), tracheotomy(RR = 8.61;95%CI[2.09-35,39]) and length of stay (RR = 1.08; 95%CI[1.04-1.13]) were found as independent risk factors for healthcare -associated infection. Conclusions The emergence of mutli-drug resistant pathogens needs to be deeply studied and effective measures have to be taken in order to detect and prevent transmission of resistant strains and/or their resistance determinants, especially those with phenotypes having the fewest viable treatment options. Key messages The incidence of healthcare associated infection in the intensive care unit was high. Effective measures have to be taken in the intensive care unit to detect and prevent transmission of resistant pathogens.

Understanding ultraviolet light surface decontamination in hospital rooms: A primer

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1030-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Boyce ◽  
Curtis J. Donskey
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Light Surface ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Uv C

AbstractOngoing challenges in maintaining optimum manual cleaning and disinfection of hospital rooms have created increased interest in “no-touch” decontamination technologies including the use of ultraviolet light (UV). Trials have shown that some UV devices can decrease surface contamination and reduce healthcare-associated infections. Despite substantial marketing of these devices for use in healthcare settings, few data are available regarding the doses of UV-C necessary to yield desired reductions in healthcare pathogens and the ability of mobile devices to deliver adequate doses to various surfaces in patient rooms. This review summarizes the physical aspects of UV that affect the doses delivered to surfaces, the UV-C doses needed to yield 3 log10reductions of several important healthcare-associated pathogens, the doses of UV-C that can be achieved in various locations in patient rooms using mobile UV-C devices, and methods for measuring UV doses delivered to surfaces.

scholarly journals Influence of Handprint Culture Training on Compliance of Healthcare Workers with Hand Hygiene

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hala Fouad ◽  
Mona M. A. Halim ◽  
HebatAllah F. Algebaly ◽  
Nardeen A. Elmallakh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objective. We aimed to study the effect of visual observation of bacterial growth from handprints on healthcare workers’ (HCWs) compliance with hand hygiene (HH).Settings. Medical and postoperative cardiac surgery units.Design. Prospective cohort study.Subject. The study included 40 HCWs.Intervention. Each HCW was interviewed on 3 separate occasions. The 1st interview was held to obtain a handprint culture before and after a session demonstrating the 7 steps of HH using alcohol-based hand rub, allowing comparison of results before and after HH. A 2nd interview was held 6 weeks later to obtain handprint culture after HH. A 3rd interview was held to obtain a handprint culture before HH. One month before implementation of handprint cultures and during the 12-week study period, monitoring of HCWs for compliance with HH was observed by 2 independent observers.Main Results. There was a significant improvement in HH compliance following handprint culture interview (p<0.001). The frequency of positive cultures, obtained from patients with suspected healthcare-associated infections, significantly declined (blood cultures:p=0.001; wound cultures:p= 0,003; sputum cultures:p=0.005).Conclusion. The visual message of handprint bacterial growth before and after HH seems an effective method to improve HH compliance.

scholarly journals Medical textiles with silver/nanosilver and their potential application for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections – mini-review

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Rajski ◽  
Marek Juda ◽  
Adam Los ◽  
Elzbieta Witun ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Antimicrobial Textiles ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Abstract Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), especially those in hospitalized patients, can be regarded as an important public health problem worldwide. In this article we presented an overview on the use of antimicrobial textiles, including those with silver/nanosilver, as a new approach to countering HAI by reducing the potential risk of the pathogen transmission between patients and healthcare workers. The strong antimicrobial in vitro activity of these engineered textiles was confirmed in vitro against several HAI-associated pathogens, including multiresistant strains belonging to alert pathogens. However, according to literature data, the sole use of antimicrobial clothing by healthcare workers appears to not be sufficient for the prevention and control of HAI. Further comprehensive and controlled studies are needed to assess the real-time efficacy of the antimicrobial textiles in healthcare settings. Moreover, there is a need to control the silver use not only for medical applications, but also for non-medical purposes due to a possibility for the emergence and spread of silver resistance among microorganisms, especially Gram-negative bacteria.

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