COVID-19 Prevalence among Healthcare Workers. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Understanding the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers is a critical component to inform occupational health policy and strategy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to map and analayse the available global evidence on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers. The random-effects adjusted pooled prevalence of COVID-19 among those studies that conducted the test using the antibody (Ab) method was 7% [95% CI: 3 to 17%]. The random-effects adjusted pooled prevalence of COVID-19 among those studies that conducted the test using the PCR method was 11% [95% CI: 7 to 16%]. We found the burden of COVID-19 among healthcare workers to be quite significant and therefore a cause for global health concern. Furthermore, COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers affect service delivery through workers’ sick leave, the isolation of confirmed cases and quarantine of contacts, all of which place significant strain on an already shrunken health workforce.

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Pooled estimate of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s41043-021-00253-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Angeline Jeyakumar ◽

Vidhya Shinde ◽

Reshma Ravindran

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Concern ◽

Study Quality ◽

Care Services ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Women In India

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women is a public health concern globally. In India, individual studies report high prevalence. However, lack of national data masks the true burden. This work determined the pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India through a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. Methods Three different search engines yielded 15 eligible articles. Study quality was assessed by 10 different criteria and summary of study quality was categorized as per Cochrane standards. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy pregnant women and heterogeneity among selected studies. A sample of n = 4088 was used to study the pooled prevalence among pregnant women. Results The random effects combined estimate was 32.35% (95% CI, (12.58–117.48). High heterogeneity (tau2 = 0.39, I2 = 100%) and high risk of bias was observed among the selected studies. The test for overall effect was observed to be z = 2.54(P = 0.01). Conclusion Pooled estimate > 30% emphasizes the need for screening through antenatal care services and initiate preventive measures to address the deficiency.

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Prevalence of Depression among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10153406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 3406

Author(s):

Beatriz Olaya ◽

María Pérez-Moreno ◽

Juan Bueno-Notivol ◽

Patricia Gracia-García ◽

Isabel Lasheras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Medical Doctors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Common Mental Health Problems

Background: There is evidence of a high psychological toll from the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare workers. This paper was aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting levels of depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 and estimating the pooled prevalence of depression. Methods: We searched for cross-sectional studies listed on PubMed from 1 December 2019 to 15 September 2020 that reported prevalence of depression in healthcare workers, nurses, medical doctors, and COVID-19 frontline professionals. The pooled proportions of depression were calculated with random effects models. Results: We identified 57 studies from seventeen countries. The pooled prevalence of depression in healthcare workers was 24% (95% CI: 20%−28%), 25% for nurses (95% CI: 18%−33%), 24% for medical doctors (95% CI: 16%−31%), and 43% for frontline professionals (95% CI: 28%−59%). Conclusions: The proportion of depression in nurses and medical doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to that found in the general population as previously reported in other meta-analyses conducted with smaller numbers of studies. Importantly, almost half of the frontline healthcare workers showed increased levels of depression. There is need for a comprehensive, international response to prevent and treat common mental health problems in healthcare workers.

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The Prevalence of Malaria among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2019/8396091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yalewayker Tegegne ◽

Daniel Asmelash ◽

Sintayehu Ambachew ◽

Setegn Eshetie ◽

Ayenew Addisu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Measures ◽

Health Concern ◽

Premature Delivery ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

Background. Malaria during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries. Moreover, malaria is increasingly associated with unwanted pregnancy outcomes such as an increased risk of abortion, stillbirth, premature delivery, and low-birthweight infants. Since pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria, implementation of the appropriate prevention and control measures among this group is very important. Therefore, the current review was designed to assess the prevalence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria among pregnant women in Ethiopia.Method. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we have followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, and Science Direct literature. Search terms used were “prevalence”, “malaria”, “pregnant women”, and “Ethiopia”. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. The pooled meta-logistic regression was computed to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Result. Among a total of 10207 studies, seven studies were included in this analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 12.72% (95% CI: 7.45, 17.98). In subgroup analysis, the prevalence of malaria showed a significant variation between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, which was 7.83% (95% CI: 2.23, 13.43) and 17.97% (95% CI: 7.31, 28.92), respectively.Conclusion. The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was found to be relatively higher compared with the general population. Therefore, the existing prevention and control measures should be strengthen.

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The critical role of infection prevention overlooked in Ethiopia, only one-half of health-care workers had safe practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.1101/2020.05.07.20094672 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽

Yohannes Tekalegn ◽

Demelash Woldeyohannes

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Care ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Related Factors ◽

Safe Practice ◽

Pooled Prevalence

AbstractBackgroundEffective infection prevention and control measures, such as such hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, instrument processing, safe injection, and safe disposal of infectious wastes in the healthcare facilities maximize patient outcomes and are essential to providing effective, efficient, and quality health care services. In Ethiopia, findings regarding infection prevention practices among healthcare workers have been highly variable and uncertain. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimate the pooled prevalence of safe infection prevention practices and summarize the associated factors among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.MethodsPubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched. We included all observational studies reporting the prevalence of safe infection prevention practices among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Two authors independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of safe infection prevention practice.ResultsOf the 187 articles identified through our search, 10 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of safe infection prevention practice in Ethiopia was 52.2% (95%CI: 40.9-63.4). The highest prevalence of safe practice was observed in Addis Ababa (capital city) 66.2% (95%CI: 60.6-71.8), followed by Amhara region 54.6% (95%CI: 51.1-58.1), and then Oromia region 48.5% (95%CI: 24.2-72.8), and the least safe practices were reported from South Nation Nationalities and People (SNNP) and Tigray regions with a pooled prevalence of 39.4% (95%CI: 13.9-64.8). In our qualitative syntheses, healthcare workers socio-demographic factors (young age, female gender), behavioral-related factors (being knowledgeable and having a positive attitude towards infection prevention), and healthcare facility-related factors (presence of running water supply, availability of infection prevention guideline, and receiving training) were important variables associated with safe infection prevention practice.ConclusionsOnly half of the healthcare workers in Ethiopia practiced safe infection prevention. Furthermore, the study found out that there were regional and professional variations in the prevalence of safe infection prevention practices. Therefore, the need to step-up efforts to intensify the current national infection prevention and patient safety initiative as key policy direction is 41 strongly recommended, along with more attempts to increase healthcare worker’s adherence towards infection prevention guidelines.

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A Global Mutational Profile of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 368,316 COVID-19 Patients

Life ◽

10.3390/life11111224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1224

Author(s):

Wardah Yusof ◽

Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola ◽

Yusuf Wada ◽

Engku Nur Syafirah Engku Abd Rahman ◽

Naveed Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Random Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Potential Influence ◽

Viral Genomes ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Usa ◽

New Mutations

Since its first detection in December 2019, more than 232 million cases of COVID-19, including 4.7 million deaths, have been reported by the WHO. The SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes have evolved rapidly worldwide, causing the emergence of new variants. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a global mutational profile of SARS-CoV-2 from December 2019 to October 2020. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA), and a study protocol was lodged with PROSPERO. Data from 62 eligible studies involving 368,316 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were analyzed. The mutational data analyzed showed most studies detected mutations in the Spike protein (n = 50), Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (n = 34), ORF1ab gene (n = 29), 5′-UTR (n = 28) and ORF3a (n = 25). Under the random-effects model, pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants was estimated at 95.1% (95% CI; 93.3–96.4%; I2 = 98.952%; p = 0.000) while subgroup meta-analysis by country showed majority of the studies were conducted ‘Worldwide’ (n = 10), followed by ‘Multiple countries’ (n = 6) and the USA (n = 5). The estimated prevalence indicated a need to continuously monitor the prevalence of new mutations due to their potential influence on disease severity, transmissibility and vaccine effectiveness.

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Prevalence of Headache in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 14,275 Patients

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2020.562634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Md Asiful Islam ◽

Sayeda Sadia Alam ◽

Shoumik Kundu ◽

Tareq Hossan ◽

Mohammad Amjad Kamal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Confidence Intervals ◽

Random Effects ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to spread globally since December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Headache has been observed as one of the clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of headache in COVID-19 patients.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies published between December 2019 and March 2020. Adult (≥18 years) COVID-19 patients were considered eligible. We used random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020182529).Results: We identified 2,055 studies, of which 86 studies (n = 14,275, 49.4% female) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of headache in COVID-19 patients was 10.1% [95% CI: 8.76–11.49]. There was no significant difference of headache prevalence in severe or critical vs. non-severe (RR: 1.05, p = 0.78), survived (recovered or discharged) vs. non-survived (RR: 1.36, p = 0.23), and ICU vs. non-ICU (RR: 1.06, p = 0.87) COVID-19 patients. We detected 64.0, 34.9, and 1.1% of the included studies as high, moderate, and low quality, respectively.Conclusions: From the first 4-month data of the outbreak, headache was detected in 10.1% of the adult COVID-19 patients.

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Undernutrition and its determinants among Ethiopian adolescent girls: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e026718 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wubet Worku Takele ◽

Achenef Asmamaw Muche ◽

Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽

Yehualashet Fikadu Ambaw ◽

Fasil Wagnew

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Concern ◽

Forest Plot ◽

P Value ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Registration Number ◽

Trim And Fill ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionIn Ethiopia, undernutrition is the common public health concern, swaying the lives of lots of adolescent girls. Its sequelae are not only limited to them, but rather their upcoming offspring are vulnerable too. Even though some studies have been carried out in different parts of the country, the national pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition are not known. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished articles will be retrieved from databases such as Medline and PubMed. Electronic search engines such as Google Scholar and Google will be used. To identify eligible studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal checklists prepared for different study designs will be used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be used to maintain the scientific robustness of the study. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined by forest plot as well as I2heterogeneity test. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored by carrying out sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model will be used provided that heterogeneity is observed. Publication bias will be examined by observing funnel plots, and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If the funnel plot is asymmetric and/or Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), the trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie’s) analysis will be performed. The presence of a statistical association between independent and dependent variables will be declared if the p value is <0.05 with the 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a systematic review and meta-analysis, ethical clearance will not be a concern. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed reputable journal and presented at different scientific research conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42018106180.

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Precancerous cervical lesion in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01840-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ayele Semachew Kasa ◽

Tadesse Dagget ◽

Yeshiwork Beyene ◽

Getnet Dessie ◽

Aklilu Endalamaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Random Effects ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cervical Lesion ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Precancerous Cervical Lesion ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Precancerous Cervical Lesions

Abstract Background Though cervical cancer is largely preventable, it is still the second most common female cancer globally and the leading cause of cancer deaths among females in African. Though many efforts have been done to study the burden of the disease in Ethiopia, primary studies examining the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions are fragmented. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion and its trends in Ethiopia. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the following electronic databases. PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus (AIM), African Journals Online databases, and Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar Universities research repositories were searched following the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Guideline. STATA 15 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random effects model. A random effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion in Ethiopia. Finally, the trend of precancerous cervical lesion in the country was presented. Result Seventeen studies with a total of 26,112 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was 15.16 (95% CI 10.16–19.70). The subgroup analysis by region showed the highest prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion at the Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region (19.65%; 95% CI 15.51–23.80). The trend of precancerous cervical lesion prevalence showed an increased pattern over time. Conclusion Approximately one among six of the study participants had precancerous cervical lesion. The trend also showed that there is still an increasing precancerous cervical lesion in Ethiopia. Best practices in achieving high vaccination coverage shall be informed by practices in other successful countries.

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Prognostic Role of Metabolic Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review Meta-Analysis

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13101938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1938

Author(s):

Marco Zuin ◽

Gianluca Rigatelli ◽

Claudio Bilato ◽

Carlo Cervellati ◽

Giovanni Zuliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Random Effects ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Short Term ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity ◽

Short Term Mortality

Background: The prevalence and prognostic implications of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with MetS. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. We searched MEDLINE and Scopus to locate every article published up to 1 September 2021, reporting data on MetS among COVID-19 patients. The pooled prevalence of MetS was calculated using a random effects model and presented using the related 95% confidence interval (CI), while the mortality risk was estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (OR) and related 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Results: Six studies, enrolling 209.569 COVID-19 patients [mean age 57.2 years, 114.188 males (54.4%)] met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 20.5% of cases (95% CI: 6.7–47.8%, p = 0.03), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%). Pre-existing MetS was significantly associated with higher risk of short-term mortality (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.52–3.45, p < 0.001), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 89.4%). Meta-regression showed a direct correlation with male gender (p = 0.03), hypertension (p < 0.001), DM (p = 0.01) and hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.04), but no effect when considering age (p = 0.75) and chronic pulmonary disease (p = 0.86) as moderators. Conclusions: MetS represents a major comorbidity in about 20% of COVID-19 patients and it is associated with a 230% increased risk of short-term mortality.

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Immediate Psychosocial Impact on Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Dong ◽

Hong-liang Liu ◽

Ming Yang ◽

Chun-li Lu ◽

Ning Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Study Protocol ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Psychosocial Impact ◽

Stress Disorders ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Anxiety Depression

Objectives: The corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread globally, and we aimed to investigate the psychosocial impact on healthcare workers (HWs) in China during the pandemic.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched seven electronic databases for cross-sectional studies on psychosocial impact on HWs in relation to COVID-19 from January 1, 2020 to October 7, 2020. We included primary studies involving Chinese HWs during the pandemic, and data were extracted from the published articles. Our primary outcome was prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress disorders. We pooled prevalence value with their 95% confidence interval using random effect models and assessed study quality on the basis of an 11-item checklist recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020195843).Results: We identified 25 articles comprising a total of 30,841 completed questionnaires and 22 studies for meta-analysis. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress disorders was 34.4% (29.5–39.4%), 31.1% (24.5–37.7%), and 29.1% (24.3–33.8%) for HWs. The pooled prevalence of anxiety disorders for HWs from late January to early February was 46.4% (42.9–49.9%), significantly higher than those in mid-term February (28.0%, 23.9–32.1%) and after late February (27.6%, 16.0–39.2%). The pooled prevalence of depression disorders for HWs from late January to early February was 46.5% (38.8–54.2%), significantly higher than those in mid-term February (27.1%, 19.8–34.5%) and after late February (32.9%, 16.2–49.5%). HWs working in Hubei Province had a higher prevalence of anxiety (37.9 vs. 30.8%) and a lower prevalence of depression (27.5 vs. 34.7%) than those working in other regions. Nurses had a higher prevalence of anxiety (44.1 vs. 29.0%) and depression (34.1 vs. 29.2%) than other HWs.Conclusions: About one-third of HWs in China suffered anxiety, depression, and stress at the early epidemic of COVID-19. HWs in Hubei Province, especially nurses, had a higher prevalence of psychological disorders. During the pandemic, a negative psychological state may persist in a proportion of Chinese HWs, fluctuating with the control of the pandemic. The long-term impact should continue to be observed. Attention should be paid to HWs for their psychological impact due to the pandemic.Systematic Review Registration: The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020195843).

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