scholarly journals Through the Lens: Youth Experiences with Cancer in Rural Appalachian Kentucky Using Photovoice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Katie Gaines ◽  
Courtney Martin ◽  
Chris Prichard ◽  
Nathan L. Vanderford
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Health Care Experiences ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Appalachian Kentucky ◽  
Cancer Disparity

Rural Appalachian Kentucky experiences disproportionately high cancer incidence and mortality rates. This cancer burden is due to social determinants of health and cultural factors prominent in the region. The firsthand experiences of community members—especially young people—can highlight these factors and identify areas for improvement. The purpose of this study was to encourage Appalachian Kentucky youth to consider determinants of cancer and visualize the effects that cancer has on their families or communities by asking them to take photographs of cancer-related objects around them. Content analysis was performed on 238 photographs submitted by 25 students, and photographs were organized into themes, subthemes, and subtopics. The six themes that emerged were risk factors and exposures, marketing, awareness and support, health care, experiences, and metaphorical representations. Many of the submitted photographs aligned with cultural, environmental and/or situational factors prevalent in Appalachian Kentucky. Of the submitted photographs, 54 were displayed as an installment in two Kentucky art galleries. Viewer comments at the exhibitions demonstrated that young community members can educate and motivate change in those around them. Ultimately, this project demonstrates that young community members can recognize cancer-related issues around them and connect personal experiences back to the larger Appalachian Kentucky cancer disparity while also having an impact on other community members.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7409
Author(s):  
Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽  
Pamela Smith ◽  
Mariel Opazo ◽  
Nicolás Huneeus
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

scholarly journals (late submission poster) Incidence and mortality rates of cholangiocarcinoma in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. iv155
Author(s):  
Tracey Genus ◽  
Daniela Tataru ◽  
Helen Morement ◽  
Mireille Toledano ◽  
Shahid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Burial rituals and cultural changes in the polish community – a qualitative study

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Pietkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Written Narratives ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Burial Rituals

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore cultural factors affecting burial rituals in Poland. Thirty-four university students collected data from their relatives and created written narratives about deaths in their families or community. Ten additional interviews were conducted with community members, a priest, and medical personnel as part of theoretical sampling and verification of emerging theories. The qualitative material was administered with NVivo and analysed using the Grounded Theory techniques to produce a complex description of folk beliefs, superstitions, as well as symbolic and psychological meaning ascribed to traditional customs. Some of the practices were found susceptible to extinction due to industrialisation, globalisation, and cultural development

scholarly journals Descriptive-epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Maksimovic ◽  
Kyriakos Spanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Lung cancer represents the most common malignant tumour among men, and appears more and more frequently among women in many countries worldwide. The aims of this descriptive epidemiological study were to evaluate the mortality trends of all malignant tumours and lung cancer in Central Serbia from 1990 to 1999, and to estimate the incidence, mortality and the basic demographic characteristics of lung cancer in Central Serbia in 1999. Material and methods. The source of data concerning cancer cases in 1999 was the Cancer Registry of Central Serbia, while data of the Republic Statistics Institute were used for the analysis of mortality trends for the period 1990-1999. All rates were standardized by the direct method, to the world standard population. Confidence intervals for mortality rates were assessed with 95% level of probability. Linear regression coefficient was determined by Fisher's test. Results. The mortality rates showed rising tendencies for both lung cancer (y=-1876.26+0.96x, p=0.028 for men; y=654.78U).33x, p-0.001 for women) and all malignant tumours (y=-4139.88+2.15x, p=0.163 for men; y=3649.68 + 1.88x, p=0.016 for women), with statistically significant increase being observed for all trends, except all malignant tumours among men. In the year 1999, lung cancer ranked first among men and third among women, with 29.2% and 10.3% of cancer mortality respectively. The age-specific mortality rates were much higher in men in all age groups. Mortality increased with age and the highest rates were found in the age group 70-74 for both sexes. The highest incidence and mortality rates were reported in Belgrade, Moravicki and Sumadijski district. .

scholarly journals Temporal Trends in Incidence and Mortality Rates for Colorectal Cancer by Tumor Location: 1975–2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda I. Phipps ◽  
John Scoggins ◽  
Mary Anne Rossing ◽  
Christopher I. Li ◽  
Polly A. Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract 116: Temporal Trends and Hospital-level Variation in the Incidence and 30-day Mortality of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest within the Veterans Health Administration

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M Bradley ◽  
Kyle M Kepreos ◽  
Paul S Chan ◽  
Theodore J Iwashyna ◽  
Brahmajee K Nallamothu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Veterans Health Administration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Median Rate

Background: Improving the quality of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has received significant attention. Yet there are no national VHA data on the incidence and mortality outcomes of IHCA to guide or evaluate these efforts. We sought to determine overall trends and hospital-level variation in the incidence and 30-day mortality of IHCA within the VHA. Methods: Among 2,731,295 patients hospitalized at 115 VHA hospitals between 2008 and 2012, we defined IHCA using specific ICD-9 procedure codes for cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Among patients suffering IHCA, we used the VA Vital Status file to identify 30-day mortality from hospital admission. A severity of illness score was used to account for case-mix and determined from a logistic multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) model fit to our mortality outcome with covariates for age, race, gender, admission diagnosis category, 29 comorbid conditions, and 11 lab values drawn within 24 hours of admission. Hospital-level IHCA incidence and 30-day mortality rates were compared using empirical Bayes random effects estimates from multi-level regression models after risk- and reliability-adjustment. Results: 8,565 (0.3%) patients suffered IHCA between 2008 and 2012 and there was no significant trend in the rate of IHCA over this time period. The hospital-level incidence of IHCA varied and was statistically significantly higher than the median rate at 38 (34%) hospitals and significantly lower at 24 (21%) hospitals (Figure A, p<0.05 without adjustment for multiple comparisons). Among patients suffering IHCA, the overall 30-day mortality rate was 68.6% and the risk-adjusted 30-day mortality rate decreased from 71.2% in 2008 to 66.1% in 2012 (p for trend <0.01). Hospital-level 30-day mortality was significantly higher than the median rate at 5 (4%) hospitals and significantly lower at 7 (6%) hospitals (Figure B). Conclusions: Within the VHA, the incidence of IHCA has remained stable while 30-day mortality has improved. However, hospital-level variation in IHCA incidence and mortality rates suggest variation in care processes related to IHCA and a target for future investigation to improve patient outcomes.

Incidence and mortality rates of intracranial hemorrhage in hemophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Fleur Zwagemaker ◽  
Samantha C Gouw ◽  
Julie J Jansen ◽  
Caroline Vuong ◽  
Michiel Coppens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Normal Model ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe complication that is relatively common among hemophilia patients. This systematic review aimed to obtain more precise estimates of ICH incidence and mortality in hemophilia, which may be important for patients, caregivers, researchers and health policy-makers. PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched using terms related to "hemophilia" and "intracranial hemorrhage" or "mortality". Studies that allowed calculation of ICH incidence or mortality rates in a hemophilia population of at least 50 patients were included. We summarized evidence on ICH incidence and calculated pooled ICH incidence and mortality in three age groups: (1) persons of all ages with hemophilia, (2) children and young adults below 25 years of age with hemophilia and (3) neonates with hemophilia. Incidence and mortality were pooled with a Poisson-Normal model or a Binomial-Normal model. We included 45 studies that represented 54 470 patients, 809 151 person-years and 5326 live births of hemophilia patients. In persons of all ages, the pooled ICH incidence and mortality rates were 2.3 (95% CI 1.2-4.8) and 0.8 (95% CI 0.5-1.2) per 1000 person-years, respectively. In children and young adults, the pooled ICH incidence and mortality rates were 7.4 (95% CI 4.9-11.1) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.3-0.9) per 1000 person-years, respectively. In neonates, the pooled cumulative ICH incidence was 2.1% (95% CI 1.5-2.8) per 100 live births. ICH was classified as spontaneous in 35-58% of cases. Our findings suggest that ICH is an important problem in hemophilia that occurs among all ages, requiring adequate preventive strategies.

scholarly journals National and Subnational Trends of Incidence and Mortality of Female Genital Cancers in Iran; 1990–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 434-444
Author(s):  
Sahar Eftekharzadeh ◽  
Narges Ebrahimi ◽  
Mehrnoosh Samaei ◽  
Farnam Mohebi ◽  
Bahram Mohajer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Gynecological Cancers ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: The present study aims to assess the incidence and mortality rates of gynecological cancers and their changes from 1990 to 2016 at national and subnational levels in Iran. Methods: Annual estimates of incidence and mortality for gynecological cancers from 1990 to 2016 at national and subnational levels were generated as part of a larger project entitled National and Subnational Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (NASBOD). After the precise processing of data extracted from the Iran Cancer Registry, annual age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for each cancer, province, year and age group during the period of the study. Results: In 2016, gynecological cancers constituted 8.0% of new cancer cases among women of all ages compared to 3.7% of new cases of cancer among women in 1990. The incidence rate of gynecological cancers has increased from 2.5 (0.9-5.6) per 100000 women in 1990 to 12.3 (9.3–15.7) per 100000 women in 2016, and the most common gynecological cancer has changed from cervical cancer in 1990 to corpus uteri cancer in 2016. Age-standardized incidence rates of ovarian, corpus uteri and vulvovaginal cancers increased from 1.3 (0.5–2.4), 1.7 (0.6–3.0), and 0.3 (0.0–0.7) in 1990 to 4.4 (3.6–5.2), 9.9 (6.8–13.4), and 0.6 (0.2–1.0) in 2016, respectively, showing a 3.3, 5.8 and 1.7-fold increase during this period. Age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer was 2.4 (1.7–3.3) cases per 100000 women in 2016 and did not differ significantly from the beginning of the study. An overall reduction was seen in national mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) from 2000 to 2015. Conclusion: The incidence rates of all gynecological cancers in different provinces have shown a converging trend that could indicate that attempts toward health equality have been effective. The declining trend of MIR could be interpreted as advancements in detection of cancer in its early stages and also improvements in treatments, in turn reflecting improvements in access to and quality of care.

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