scholarly journals The Relationships between Sibling Characteristics and Motor Performance in 3- to 5-Year-Old Typically Developing Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Dagmar F. A. A. Derikx ◽  
Erica Kamphorst ◽  
Gerda van der Veer ◽  
Marina M. Schoemaker ◽  
Esther Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Order Position ◽  
The Relationship

Siblings have been hypothesized to positively impact the motor performance of children by acting as examples and by providing a safe environment, but they may also negatively impact motor performance because they could compete for the parent’s time and care. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between several sibling characteristics and motor performance in 3- to 5-year-old children. The sample consisted of 205 3- to 5-year-old children (mean age 50.9 ± 10.0 months, 52.2% boys). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 was used to measure motor performance. The sibling variable was operationalized as the number of siblings present, the age difference between a child and its siblings, and the birth order position of a child. The confounding variables that were taken into account were the age, sex, and behavioral problems of the child and maternal education level. None of the investigated sibling variables were related to the total motor performance of a child after controlling for possible confounding variables. The absence of any associations between the sibling variables and motor performance might be explained by the characteristics of the study sample, the possibility that there is no linear relationship, or the presence of still unknown moderating or mediating factors.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression in schoolchildren with and without developmental coordination disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 135910531987825
Author(s):  
Tatiane Targino Gomes Draghi ◽  
Jorge Lopes Cavalcante Neto ◽  
Eloisa Tudella
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Child Depression Inventory ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Coordination Disorder ◽  
Brazilian Children

We examined whether reported higher frequencies of anxiety and depression symptoms are related to the presence of developmental coordination disorder in school-age Brazilian children. A total of 272 children were assigned to six groups according to age and motor performance. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition evaluated the motor performance. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale and the Child Depression Inventory assessed anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Brazilian children are at high risk for anxiety, regardless of motor performance and age. However, children with developmental coordination disorder report significantly more depressive symptomatology in 10–12 years compared to typically developing children.

scholarly journals Aberrant synchrony in the somatosensory cortices predicts motor performance errors in children with cerebral palsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max J. Kurz ◽  
Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham ◽  
David J. Arpin ◽  
Katherine M. Becker ◽  
Tony W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Perinatal Brain Injury ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
Performance Errors ◽  
Target Force ◽  
The Relationship

Cerebral palsy (CP) results from a perinatal brain injury that often results in sensory impairments and greater errors in motor performance. Although these impairments have been well catalogued, the relationship between sensory processing networks and errors in motor performance has not been well explored. Children with CP and typically developing age-matched controls participated in this investigation. We used high-density magnetoencephalography to measure event-related oscillatory changes in the somatosensory cortices following tactile stimulation to the bottom of the foot. In addition, we quantified the amount of variability or errors in the isometric ankle joint torques as these children attempted to match a target. Our results showed that neural populations in the somatosensory cortices of children with CP were desynchronized by the tactile stimulus, whereas those of typically developing children were clearly synchronized. Such desynchronization suggests that children with CP were unable to fully integrate the external stimulus into ongoing sensorimotor computations. Our results also indicated that children with CP had a greater amount of errors in their motor output when they attempted to match the target force, and this amount of error was negatively correlated with the degree of synchronization present in the somatosensory cortices. These results are the first to show that the motor performance errors of children with CP are linked with neural synchronization within the somatosensory cortices.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Social Environmental Factors and Motor Performance in 3- to 12-Year-Old Typically Developing Children: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7516
Author(s):  
Dagmar F.A. A. Derikx ◽  
Suzanne Houwen ◽  
Vivian Meijers ◽  
Marina M. Schoemaker ◽  
Esther Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Motor performance during childhood is important for prosperity in life, and the social environment may contain potentially important and modifiable factors associated with motor performance. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify social environmental factors associated with motor performance in 3- to 12-year-old typically developing children. Four electronic databases were searched, which resulted in 31 included studies. The methodological quality was determined using the Quality of Prognosis Studies in Systematic Reviews tool. Most studies were conducted in 3–6-year-old children. In the home environment, parental beliefs in the importance of physical activity and parental behaviors matching these beliefs were related to better motor performance of children, although these relationships were often sex-dependent. The school and sports environments were investigated much less, but some preliminary evidence was found that being better liked by peers, attending a classroom with a smaller age range, having more interaction with the teacher and classmates, and having a higher educated teacher was related to better motor performance. Further research is required to further unravel the relationship between the social environment and motor skills, with a specific focus on 6–12-year-old children and environments outside of the home environment.

scholarly journals Myths about Menstrual Personal Hygiene among FemaleAdolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyas Diah Palupi ◽  
Terry Y.R. Pristya ◽  
Randy Novirsa
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Poor personal hygiene during menstruation among adolescents can lead to urinary tract infection, reproductive tract infection, and skin irritation. This studyaimed to determine the relationship between belief in myths and personal hygiene during menstruation. Cross-sectional quantitative study was conductedusing a sample of 119 10th grade female students from Tangerang 13 State Senior High School selected through purposive sampling. Logistic regressionanalysis was used in this study to determine the relationship between myths and personal hygiene after age of menarche, attitude, socioeconomic status,information, and maternal education were controlled. In the bivariate selection, modeling was completed by entering confounding and interaction variablesthen reducing the confounding variables by examining changes in the odds ratio. Results showed that the students who believed the myths were 3.7 timesmore likely to not practice personal hygiene during menstruation compared with those who did not believe the myths after attitude and status socioeconomicstatus were controlled. No interaction was observed between the myths and socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals A Student’s Guide to the Classification and Operationalization of Variables in the Conceptualization and Design of a Clinical Study: Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Know How ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Students without prior research experience may not know how to conceptualize and design a study. This article explains how an understanding of the classification and operationalization of variables is the key to the process. Variables describe aspects of the sample that is under study; they are so called because they vary in value from subject to subject in the sample. Variables may be independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the value of other variables; dependent variables are influenced in value by other variables. A hypothesis states an expected relationship between variables. A significant relationship between an independent and dependent variable does not prove cause and effect; the relationship may partly or wholly be explained by one or more confounding variables. Variables need to be operationalized; that is, defined in a way that permits their accurate measurement. These and other concepts are explained with the help of clinically relevant examples.

scholarly journals Association of body condition with lameness in dairy cattle: a single-farm longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Michaela Kranepuhl ◽  
Detlef May ◽  
Edna Hillmann ◽  
Lorenz Gygax
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This research communication describes the relationship between the occurrence of lameness and body condition score (BCS) in a sample of 288 cows from a single farm that were repeatedly scored in the course of 9 months while controlling for confounding variables. The relationship between BCS and lameness was evaluated using generalised linear mixed-effects models. It was found that the proportion of lame cows was higher with decreasing but also with increasing BCS, increased with lactation number and decreased with time since the last claw trimming. This is likely to reflect the importance of sufficient body condition in the prevention of lameness but also raises the question of the impact of overcondition on lameness and the influence of claw trimming events on the assessment of lameness. A stronger focus on BCS might allow improved management of lameness that is still one of the major problems in housed cows.

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