scholarly journals Climate Change and Vulnerability: The Case of MENA Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Razieh Namdar ◽  
Ezatollah Karami ◽  
Marzieh Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Adaptation Index ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Climate is changing and mitigation of the corresponding impacts requires assessment of vulnerability and adaptation building. This issue is particularly important in Middle East and North Africa (MENA), which is recognized as one of the most water scarce regions of the world and vulnerable to climate change. Therefore, the objective of this study was an assessment of the different sectors’ vulnerability as well as the overall vulnerability of the MENA countries to climate change. The Notre Dame-Global Adaptation Index (ND-GAIN) was used to investigate climate change vulnerability. Cluster analysis revealed the very high, high, medium and low levels of vulnerability for the MENA countries by distinguishing their extent of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Further results indicated that the MENA countries have an acceptable status of infrastructure and habitat, tolerable health and ecosystem statuses, and inappropriate water and food conditions. Water shortage is also a serious problem in this region, to the extent that it is often assumed that water shortage is the root cause of all other types of vulnerability in MENA. However, the obtained results do not support this assumption. These findings provide insight about the adaptation challenges that should be faced and the choices that should be made in response to climate change, in MENA.

Immunologic Studies of Antithrombin III Heparin Cofactor in the Newborn

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E Hathaway ◽  
L L Neumann ◽  
C A Borden ◽  
L J Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Sick Newborn ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Made In

SummarySerial quantitative immunoelectrophoretic (IE) measurements of antithrombin III heparin cofactor (AT III) were made in groups of well and sick newborn infants classified by gestational age. Collection methods (venous vs. capillary) did not influence the results; serum IE measurements were comparable to AT III activity by a clotting method. AT III is gestational age-dependent, increasing from 28.7% of normal adult values at 28-32 weeks to 50.9% at 37-40 weeks, and shows a gradual increase to term infant levels (57.4%) by 3-4 weeks of age. Infants with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) show lower levels of AT III in the 33-36 week group, 22% vs. 44% and in the 37-40 week group, 33.6% vs. 50.9%, than prematures without RDS. Infants of 28-32 week gestational age had only slight differences, RDS = 24%, non-RDS = 28.7%. The lowest levels of AT III were seen in patients with RDS complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and those with necrotizing enterocolitis. Crossed IE on representative infants displayed a consistent pattern which was identical to adult controls except for appropriate decreases in the amplitude of the peaks. The thrombotic complications seen in the sick preterm infant may be related to the low levels of AT III.

التغير المناخي واثره في المقنن المائي لمحصول العنب في محافظة ديالى

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (34) ◽  
pp. 391-422
Author(s):  
اشواق حسن حميد صالح
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Solar Brightness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate Station ◽  
The Times ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed ​​3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .

Limits to Dominance?

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Tony Blair ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Margaret Thatcher ◽  
Capital Building ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Policy Vision

This chapter compares the leadership capital of two long-serving UK prime ministers: Tony Blair and Margaret Thatcher, treble election winners who held office for a decade. Mapping their capital over time reveals two very different patterns. Thatcher began with low levels of capital, building to a mid-term high and final fragile dominance, though her capital fell between elections. Blair possessed very high levels from the outset that gradually declined in a more conventional pattern. Both benefited from electoral dominance and a divided opposition, Thatcher’s strength lay in her policy vision while Blair’s stemmed from his popularity and communication skills. The LCI reveals that both prime ministers were successful without being popular, sustained in office by the electoral system. Towards the end of their tenures, both leaders’ continued dominance masked fragility, ousted when unrest in their parties and policy unpopularity eroded their capital.

scholarly journals The Productive Landscape in the Desert Margin for the Sustainable Development of Rural Settlements: An Innovative Greenbelt for Maranjab Desert in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2077
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Sarlak ◽  
Laura Valeria Ferretti ◽  
Rita Biasi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Green Belt ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Form ◽  
Low Levels

About two billion rural individuals depend on agricultural systems associated with a high amount of risk and low levels of yield in the drylands of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Human activities, climate change and natural extreme events are the most important drivers of desertification. This phenomenon has occurred in many regions of Iran, particularly in the villages in the periphery of the central desert of Iran, and has made living in the oases so difficult that the number of abandoned villages is increasing every year. Land abandonment and land-use change increase the risk of desertification. This study aims to respond to the research questions: (i) does the planning of green infrastructures on the desert margin affect the distribution and balance of the population? (ii) how should the green belt be designed to have the greatest impact on counteracting desertification?, and (iii) does the design of productive landscape provide the solution? Through a wide-ranging and comprehensive approach, this study develops different scenarios for designing a new form of green belt in order to sustainably manage the issues of environmental protection, agricultural tradition preservation and desertification counteraction. This study proposes a new-traditional greenbelt including small low-cost and low-tech projects adapted to rural scale.

The Discussion on the Construction of City Waterfront Landscape Based on the Visual Angle of Ecology Restoration

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6827-6833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Yuan Li ◽  
Zhong Yuan Duan ◽  
Yang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
The Sustainable Development

In recent years, with the increase of population, the development of urbanization, and the improvement of people’s living standard, people have got an increasingly strong consciousness of environment landscape. While, the global climate change, water shortage and pollution problems which are resulted in the development of social economy.In this article, according to the different traits of waterfront landscape environment, we will analyze the problems of waterfront landscape environment construction, and discuss the design technique of waterfront landscape and the optimization method of landscape environment based on the visual angle of ecology restoration. This can prompt the development of waterfront landscape environment towards the harmony and intergrowth of nature ,ecology and human culture, and this has practical significance for the sustainable development of human and water.

FUNGI IN AIR MASSES OVER MONTREAL DURING 1950 AND 1951

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pady ◽  
L. Kapica
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Numbers and kinds of fungi were determined from nutrient plate and silicone slide studies from the roof of the Sun Life Building, Montreal, between September 1950 and December 1951. Exposures of plates were made in the General Electric Bacterial Air Sampler, and plates and silicone slides in the Bourdillon Slit Sampler. A total of 978 exposures was made on 113 sampling days during 16 months; 507 plates in the G. E. Sampler, 344 plates and 127 slides in the Slit Sampler. Of 40,359 colonies examined, Cladosporium, Penicillium, yeasts, Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Actinomycetes were commonest, constituting 47.7, 15.8, 10.4, 4.6, 4.2, and 2.2% of the total. The next commonest fungi were Pullularia, Oöspora, Fusarium, Stemphylium, Verticillium, Rhizopus, Spicaria, Scopulariopsis, Phoma, Mucor, Botrytis, Cephalosporium, Trichoderma, Helmin-thosporium, Neurospora, Papularia, Cephalothecium, Pyrenochaeta, Zythia, and Nigrospora. In addition 12 genera were infrequently found. Unidentified colonies numbered 174 and nonsporulating 3371 (8.3%). On a cubic foot basis numbers in the plates varied from 17.7 per cu. ft. in August to 0.4 per cu. ft in February.Fungus spores showed a seasonal variation with summer highs averaging 244 per cu. ft. in July to a low of 0.8 per cu. ft. in December. The most abundant spores were Cladosporium, yeasts, smuts, Fusarium, Alternaria, Venturia-like, Stemphylium, rusts, Septoria, and Helminthosporium. Hyphal fragments and pollen grains were present also. On eight occasions during the summer, readings of over 200 spores per cu. ft. were recorded, the maximum being 445 per cu. ft. on September 6, 1951. Cladosporium in August reached a peak of 74.1 per cu. ft. and yeast cells in July had an average concentration of 100 per cu. ft.An analysis of the air masses indicated that pure polar air carried low numbers of fungi, whereas tropical air had very high numbers. Most of the air masses were modified polar air and their fungus content varied considerably. The fungi in the air over Montreal are believed to have had their origin in agricultural areas.

Flow Field on Helodeck of a Frigate: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (A4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
The Military ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

The various functions desired from a frontline warship such as a frigate, corvette or a destroyer, coupled with the requirement of very high speeds and economic viability restricting the size, necessitates a very dense arrangement of weapons and sensors on the top deck and superstructure. Accordingly, Navies across the world have faced several problems with respect to functions for which a good aerodynamic design for these structures is essential. Major issues include smoke nuisance created due to impinging of the ship's exhaust gases on to the top deck leading to possible suction by engine intakes and high turbulence in the ship's air-wake leading to ship aircraft interface concerns. The flow field on the helodeck is extremely complex due to its geometry and interaction with the wake of the ship’s superstructure. A knowledge of this complexity is essential for ensuring safe helo operations on the helodeck. The problem of ship helicopter interaction has hogged the lime light in recent times, due to rising demand for design of warships for increased stealth, especially in the past two decades. Consequently, several researchers in countries with advanced Navies have invested considerable resources towards evolving both experimental and numerical solutions for the problem. However, given the military nature of the operations, open literature on the subject containing details of such research, which can be used as reference material for present work, are limited. Considering the complexities involved in the problem, an attempt has been made in this paper to holistically review the widely scattered and limited literature in this field. A good amount of literature on marine helo applications emerge from the offshore industry. Keeping in mind that the fields of warship design and offshore structures are dissimilar and have their peculiar problems, informed conclusions have been made in drawing lessons from available literature.

Envisaged transfer projects: New technologies in the water sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed Abbasi ◽  
Xiangzhou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

<p><strong>Abstracts:</strong> Influenced by global climate change, water shortages and other extreme weather, water scarcity in the world is an alarming sign. This article provides evidences regarding the Tunnel and Tianhe project’s feasibility and their technical, financial, political, socioeconomic and environmental aspects. Such as how to utilize the water vapour in the air and to build a 1000 km long tunnel project to fulfill the goal of solving water shortage in China. The projects are promising to solve the problem of water, food and drought in the country. In addition, the telecoupling framework helps to effectively understand and manage ecosystem services, as well as the different challenges associated with them. Such efforts can help find the ways for proper utilization of water resources and means of regulation.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Sustainability; water shortage; transfer project</p>

ЮНВТО Всемирная туристская Барометр, и статистическое приложение Обновленная информация, ИСентябрь 2021 года

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Made In

International tourism shows slight recovery in June and July 2021 driven by vaccinations and border reopening International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) in the first seven months of 2021 were 40% below the levels of 2020, and still 80% down when compared to the same period of pre-pandemic year 2019. After a weak start of the year, international tourism saw a modest improvement during the months of June and July 2021. The small improvement in June and July was underpinned by the reopening of many destinations to international travel, mostly in Europe and the Americas. The relaxation of travel restrictions to vaccinated travellers, coupled with progress made in the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines, contributed to ease travel restrictions, lift consumer confidence and gradually restore safe mobility in Europe and other parts of the world. Small islands in the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia and the Pacific, together with a few small European destinations recorded the best performance in June and July, with arrivals coming close to, or sometimes exceeding pre-pandemic levels. July (-67%) saw comparatively better performance than June (-77%), making it the best month so far since April 2020. Asia and the Pacific continued to suffer the weakest results in January-July 2021, with a 95% drop in international arrivals compared to the same period in 2019. The Middle East (-82%) recorded the second largest decline, followed by Europe and Africa (both -77%). The Americas (-68%) saw a comparatively smaller decrease. Although destinations continued to report very weak international tourism revenues in the first seven months of 2021, several countries recorded a modest improvement in the months of June and July, and some even surpassed the earnings of 2019. The same is true for outbound travel. Among the larger source markets, France (-35% over 2019) and the United States (-49%) saw a small rebound in expenditure in July. Despite the relative improvement over the low levels of 2020, international tourism remained well below 2019 levels. This is also reflected in the evaluation made by the UNWTO Panel of Experts in the September survey, showing mixed results for the period May-August 2021. Looking ahead, most experts continue to expect a rebound in 2022, driven by unleashed pent-up demand, mostly during the second and third quarter of that year. Nearly one-third of respondents expect a potential rebound in 2023. Almost half of all experts continue to see a return of international arrivals to 2019 levels in 2024 or later.

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