scholarly journals Station-Free Bike Rebalancing Analysis: Scale, Modeling, and Computational Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Xueting Jin ◽  
Daoqin Tong
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Spatial Optimization ◽  
Optimization Software ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
The One ◽  
Analysis Scale

In the past few years, station-free bike sharing systems (SFBSSs) have been adopted in many cities worldwide. Different from conventional station-based bike sharing systems (SBBSSs) that rely upon fixed bike stations, SFBSSs allow users the flexibility to locate a bike nearby and park it at any appropriate site after use. With no fixed bike stations, the spatial extent/scale used to evaluate bike shortage/surplus in an SFBSS has been rather arbitrary in existing studies. On the one hand, a balanced status using large areas may contain multiple local bike shortage/surplus sites, leading to a less effective rebalancing design. On the other hand, an imbalance evaluation conducted in small areas may not be meaningful or necessary, while significantly increasing the computational complexity. In this study, we examine the impacts of analysis scale on the SFBSS imbalance evaluation and the associated rebalancing design. In particular, we develop a spatial optimization model to strategically optimize bike rebalancing in an SFBSS. We also propose a region decomposition method to solve large-sized bike rebalancing problems that are constructed based on fine analysis scales. We apply the approach to study the SFBSS in downtown Beijing. The empirical study shows that imbalance evaluation results and optimal rebalancing design can vary substantially with analysis scale. According to the optimal rebalancing results, bike repositioning tends to take place among neighboring areas. Based on the empirical study, we would recommend 800 m and 100/200 m as the suitable scale for designing operator-based and user-based rebalancing plans, respectively. Computational results show that the region decomposition method can be used to solve problems that cannot be handled by existing commercial optimization software. This study provides important insights into effective bike-share rebalancing strategies and urban bike transportation planning.

The Contextual Dynamics of Internet of Things Applications in Smart Public Bike Sharing Services

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxuan XU
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Public Service ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The past decade has witnessed the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in public service innovation. As the technical characteristics of IoT technologies are rather identical around the globe, one might wonder whether the location still matters for their adoptions. Smart public bike sharing (PBS) scheme is one of the world’s most widespread public IoT applications. Prior studies of smart PBS schemes find the positive effects on the host city’s image and sustainable mobility. However, less attention has been paid to the impact of the host city’s context on the evolution of their service characteristics. The paper proposes a model that explicitly includes the contextual dynamics of public service innovations that utilize IoT. Then the model is used to analyze two empirical cases from Sweden and China, respectively. The results reveal that public motives, user preferences, and governance can impact the evolution of the service characteristics of smart PBS schemes, which is important for smart PBS planners, operators, and policymakers to consider. The best PBS scheme is the one that adapts to the characters of the host city and the changing needs of the users. Moreover, the study reflects the new complexities that arise for digital public services, such as the protection of data and privacy.

scholarly journals Conjoint analysis of mobility plans in the city of Dresden

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Maas
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Actual Behaviour ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The City

AbstractThe past years brought massive changes in the transport and mobility market, accompanied by the rise of concepts such as Mobility as a Service. An enormous increase in publications on this topic documents the growing importance of multimodal mobility solutions for daily transport, but practical applications of the concept are rare. In addition to challenges in the organization of players, this is due to an unclear conception of the service offer and which particular services should be included to what extent. This paper presents the results of an empirical study in the city of Dresden, Germany, where participants could choose out of various bundles of mobility services in a conjoint analysis. The survey provides evidence for the great importance of public transport for the evaluation of mobility bundles as well as for the benefit-enhancing effect of car and bike sharing. A comparison among different user groups reveals a very homogeneous picture of mobility plans, which, however, only partly reflects actual behaviour.

Al-Rasm al-ʿUthmānī: Towards Correct Pronunciation and the Preclusion of Ambiguity

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-171
Author(s):  
Nāṣir Al-Dīn Abū Khaḍīr
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The ʿUthmānic way of writing (al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī) is a science that specialises in the writing of Qur'anic words in accordance with a specific ‘pattern’. It follows the writing style of the Companions at the time of the third caliph, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and was attributed to ʿUthmān on the basis that he was the one who ordered the collection and copying of the Qur'an into the actual muṣḥaf. This article aims to expound on the two fundamental functions of al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī: that of paying regard to the ‘correct’ pronunciation of the words in the muṣḥaf, and the pursuit of the preclusion of ambiguity which may arise in the mind of the reader and his auditor. There is a further practical aim for this study: to show the connection between modern orthography and the ʿUthmānic rasm in order that we, nowadays, are thereby able to overcome the problems faced by calligraphers and writers of the past in their different ages and cultures.

TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Daiva Milinkevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular World ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Craft Guilds

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.

The Invention of Papal History

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Reformation ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Commissioned Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
The Church

How was the history of post-classical Rome and of the Church written in the Catholic Reformation? Historical texts composed in Rome at this time have been considered secondary to the city’s significance for the history of art. The Invention of Papal History corrects this distorting emphasis and shows how history-writing became part of a comprehensive formation of the image and self-perception of the papacy. By presenting and fully contextualizing the path-breaking works of the Augustinian historian Onofrio Panvinio (1530–68), this book shows what type of historical research was possible in the late Renaissance and the Catholic Reformation. Historiography in this period by no means consisted entirely of commissioned works written for patrons; rather, a creative interplay existed between, on the one hand, the endeavours of authors to explore the past and, on the other hand, the constraints of patronage and ideology placed on them. This book sheds new light on the changing priorities, mentalities, and cultural standards that flourished in the transition from the Renaissance to the Catholic Reformation.

“Ambiguist” Statesmanship

Worldview ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Will Herberg
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Rational Mind ◽  
The One

John Courtney Murray's writing cannot fail to be profound and instructive, and I have profited greatly from it in the course of the past decade. But I must confess that his article, "Morality and Foreign Policy" (Worldview, May), leaves me in a strange confusion of mixed feelings. On the one hand, I can sympathize with what I might call the historical intention of the natural law philosophy he espouses, which I take to be the effort to establish enduring structures of meaning and value to serve as fixed points of moral decision in the complexities of the actual situation. On the other hand, I am rather put off by the calm assurance he exhibits when he deals with these matters, as though everything were at bottom unequivocally rational and unequivocally accessible to the rational mind. And I am really distressed at what seems to 3ie to be his woefully inadequate appreciation of the position of the "ambiguists," among whom I cannot deny I count myself.

scholarly journals Evangelical and Catholic Timespace in Work: An Argument against a Homeless Eschatology

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Maria Ledstam
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Business As Mission ◽  
Achievable Goal ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This article engages with how religion and economy relate to each other in faith-based businesses. It also elaborates on a recurrent idea in theological literature that reflections on different visions of time can advance theological analyses of the relationship between Christianity and capitalism. More specifically, this article brings results from an ethnographic study of two faith-based businesses into conversation with the ethicist Luke Bretherton’s presentation of different understandings of the relationship between Christianity and capitalism. Using Theodore Schatzki’s theory of timespace, the article examines how time and space are constituted in two small faith-based businesses that are part of the two networks Business as Mission (evangelical) and Economy of Communion (catholic) and how the different timespaces affect the religious-economic configurations in the two cases and with what moral implications. The overall findings suggest that the timespace in the Catholic business was characterized by struggling caused by a tension between certain ideals on how religion and economy should relate to each other on the one hand and how the practice evolved on the other hand. Furthermore, the timespace in the evangelical business was characterized by confidence, caused by the business having a rather distinct and achievable goal when it came to how they wanted to be different and how religion should relate to economy. There are, however, nuances and important resemblances between the cases that cannot be explained by the businesses’ confessional and theological affiliations. Rather, there seems to be something about the phenomenon of tension-filled and confident faith-based businesses that causes a drive in the practices towards the common good. After mapping the results of the empirical study, I discuss some contributions that I argue this study brings to Bretherton’s presentation of the relationship between Christianity and capitalism.

scholarly journals 165 A Review of The Current Literature on LMWH Administered at Different Times in Relation to MOS (Major Orthopaedic Surgery): Assessment of The Safety and Efficacy of The Different Proposed Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Placella ◽  
V Pace ◽  
P Antinolfi ◽  
V Salini
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Major Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Major Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
The One

Abstract Nowadays venous VTE represents an important perioperative and postoperative complication in patients undergoing elective Major Orthopedic Surgery (MOS). There are significant discrepancies between clinical practice, international recommendations, and published guidelines. Although thromboembolic events may be less common these days than in the past, they can still lead to serious medical complications. Therefore, most patients undergoing MOS procedures are provided with one of the thromboprophylactic treatments. The optimum timing of LMWH administrations remains debated. Customized structured electronic searches in PubMed and Cochrane database. Meta-Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews on different strategies of the use of LMWH for MOS. Studies on prophylactic regimens showed that subcutaneous LMWH plays a key role in the management of thromboprophylaxis in MOS. However, some controversies still stand. Among those most relevant, it remains unclear whether to start thromboprophylaxis before or after MOS to better balance the risks of clotting and bleeding. With regards to different times of LMWH administration, there is no convincing evidence that starting prophylaxis 12 hours preoperatively is associated with lower risks of VTE compared to prophylaxis started 12 to 24 hours postoperatively. Furthermore, it seems that the most safe and efficient LMWH regimen is the one called “Just-in-time” (LMWH started 6 hours post-op).

Benson and Miller in Perspective

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Kuklick
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Stock Of Knowledge

Despite differences in coloration Miller and Benson are birds of a feather. Although he is no Pollyanna, Miller believes that there has been a modest and decent series of advances in the social sciences and that the most conscientious, diligent, and intelligent researchers will continue to add to this stock of knowledge. Benson is much more pessimistic about the achievements of yesterday and today but, in turn, offers us the hope of a far brighter tomorrow. Miller explains Benson’s hyperbolic views about the past and future by distinguishing between pure and applied science and by pointing out Benson’s naivete about politics: the itch to understand the world is different from the one to make it better; and, Miller says, because Benson sees that we have not made things better, he should not assume we do not know more about them; Benson ought to realize, Miller adds, that the way politicians translate basic social knowledge into social policy need not bring about rational or desirable results. On the other side, Benson sees more clearly than Miller that the development of science has always been intimately intertwined with the control of the environment and the amelioration of the human estate.

The Origins of Domestic Sheep and Goats: a Reconsideration in the Light of the Fossil Evidence

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 368-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Payne
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
The Other ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Animal Domestication ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

In recent discussions of the origins and process of animal domestication (Reed, 1961, Zeuner, 1963), both authors rely on two kinds of evidence: on the one hand, the present distributions and characteristics of the different breeds of whatever animal is being discussed, together with its feral and wild relatives, and, on the other hand, the past record, given by literary and pictorial sources and the bones from archaeological and geological sites. Increased recognition of the limitations of the past record, whether in the accuracy of the information it appears to give (as in the case of pictorial sources), or in the certainty of the deductions we are at present capable of drawing from it (this applies especially to the osteological record), has led these authors to argue mainly from the present situation, using the past record to confirm or amplify the existing picture.Arguing from the present, many hypotheses about the origins and process of domestication are available. The only test we have, when attempting to choose between these, lies in the direct evidence of the past record. The past record, it is freely admitted, is very fragmentary: the information provided by the present situation is more exact, ranges over a much wider field, and is more open to test and control. Nevertheless, the past record, however imperfect it is, is the only direct evidence we have about the process of domestication.

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