scholarly journals The Phorbol Ester Fraction from Jatropha curcas Seed Oil: Potential and Limits for Crop Protection against Insect Pests

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 16157-16171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ratnadass ◽  
Michael Wink
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
S.W. TUKIMIN ◽  
ELNA KARMAWATI

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) menghasilkan limbah dari biji<br />pada saat pemrosesan biji menjadi minyak kasar (JCO). Limbah ini berupa<br />bungkil yang dapat dimanfaatkan baik untuk pupuk organik maupun<br />untuk bahan pestisida nabati. Bahan kimia yang bersifat toksik terhadap<br />serangga dalam biji jarak pagar adalah phorbol ester dan curcin.<br />Keduanya terikat dalam minyak ketika pemrosesan dan efektif untuk<br />mengendalikan beberapa hama tanaman perkebunan setelah diformulasi.<br />Ternyata di dalam bungkil sebagai limbahnya masih tersisa kedua bahan<br />aktif tersebut, oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat<br />efektivitas formula ekstrak bungkil jarak pagar terhadap hama utama kapas<br />yaitu Helicoverpa armigera Hũbner. Penelitian dilaksanakan di<br />Laboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat<br />(Balittas Malang) pada bulan April sampai Desember 2010 menggunakan<br />rancangan acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan (4 perlakuan konsentrasi<br />dan 2 kontrol) dan 4 ulangan. Biji jarak pagar yang digunakan merupakan<br />aksesi dari Sulawesi Selatan, Lampung, dan Jawa Timur. Bungkil<br />dimaserasi  menggunakan  pelarut  metanol,  kemudian  diformulasi<br />menggunakan detergen dengan konsentrasi 5, 10, 20, dan 40 ml ditambah<br />masing-masing 1 g detergen dalam 1 liter larutan. Aplikasi dilakukan dua<br />macam sebagai racun kontak dan racun pakan. Pengamatan dilakukan<br />terhadap mortalitas, berat pupa, dan peneluran serangga pada 24, 48, 72,<br />dan 120 jam setelah aplikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urutan<br />efektivitas aksesi jarak pagar adalah Sulawesi Selatan, Lampung, dan Jawa<br />Timur yang ternyata berkorelasi positif dengan kandungan phorbol ester<br />yaitu 9,39; 6,64; dan 4,39 µg/ml. Tidak satu butirpun telur yang diletakkan<br />pada aplikasi 10 ml aksesi Sulsel + 1 g detergen/l larutan dan 20 ml aksesi<br />Jatim + 1 g detergen/l larutan.<br />Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L, curcin, phorbol ester, bungkil biji jarak<br />pagar, Helicoverpa armigera Hũbner, mortalitas, peneluran</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Effect of Jatropha cake oil on mortality and fertility of<br />Helicoverpa armigera Hũbner<br />Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) produces waste from its seeds<br />during seed processing into JCO. This waste (cake) can be further<br />processed into organic fertilizer and botanical pesticide. The toxic<br />chemicals for insect inside the seeds are phorbol ester and curcin. Both are<br />included in JCO during the process and those are effective to control estate<br />crops insect pests after being formulated. In fact same of those chemicals<br />still remain in the seeds cake, therefore, the objective of the research is to<br />find out the effectiveness of its formulation on Helicoverpa armigera<br />Hũbner, the main pest of cotton. The research was carried out at the<br />Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Malang from<br />April to December 2010, and the experiment was arranged using<br />Randomized Block Design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. The<br />materials used were three (3) accessions of jatropha from South Sulawesi,<br />Lampung, and East Java origins. Methanol was used for extracting the<br />chemicals, and then detergent was used for formulating 4 concentration<br />levels of : 5, 10, 20, and 40 ml/l + 1 g detergent each. The methods used<br />were contact and oral applications. The parameters observed were<br />mortality, pupae weight and fertility. It was revealed that the effectiveness<br />was positively correlated with phorbol ester contents i.e. 9.39, 6.64, and<br />4.39 µg/ml for South Sulawesi, Lampung, and East Java accessions,<br />respectively. There was no egg laid by female of H. armigera fed with<br />shoots and squares contaminated with bio-pesticides (10 and 20 ml/l of<br />South Sulawesi and East Java accessions).<br />Key words : Jatropha curcas L, curcin, phorbol ester, Jatropha seed cake<br />oil, Helicoverpa armigera Hũbner, mortality, fertility</p>


2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Macedo ◽  
Caio de Oliveira ◽  
Poliene Costa ◽  
Elaine Castelhano ◽  
Marcio Silva-Filho

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
E.T. Akhihiero ◽  
E.O. Aluyor ◽  
T.O.K. Audu

The hydrocarbon content of Jatropha curcas seed oil obtained from Oleh Community in Delta State, NIFOR farm in Edo State and Ikabigbo in Edo State represented as samples X, Y and Z respectively were investigated using Gas Chromatography with flame ionization detector. The predominant alkanes found in the oil samples are n-Eicosane (C20H42) and n-Docosane (C22H46), while the major polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon found in the oil samples is chrysene. Sample X has the highest percentage of n-Eicosane (65.72%), sample Y has 35.56% n-Eicosane while sample Z has the lowest n-Eicosane (0.23%). Sample Z has the highest percentage of n-Docosane (91.38%), sample Y has 60.11% n-Docosane with sample X being the lowest (22.65%). The percentage of chrysene in sample Y is highest (100%), sample X has 97.47% while sample Z has the lowest percentage of chrysene (44.75%).


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
H. Sule

Laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, in order to assess the effect of oils obtained from the seeds of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera on African Maize Stalk Borer (Busseola fusca Fuller). The effects of the plant seed oils on larvae mortality, pupae and adult emergence were tested on freshly cut leaves/stem of maize 3-4 cm long) and treated with the prepared plant oils at various concentrations (10, 20, and 30%) and control (0%). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated four times. The results showed that both plant seeds oils were lethal to the developmental stages of B. fusca, causing mortality (21%) to the larvae, and subsequently preventing and/or suppressing pupae (2.08) and adult emergence (1.95). Treatment at 30% concentration was found to be more lethal to all the developmental stages of the test insect. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that any of the plant seed oils at 30 % concentration could be used to manage B. fusca.


2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00020
Author(s):  
Hany Handajani ◽  
Riza Rahman Hakim ◽  
Ganjar Adhywirawan Sutaro ◽  
Boy Ronald Mavuso ◽  
Zhong–Wen Chang ◽  
...  

The application of fermentation is one of methods to increase food quality biologically. Availability of Jatropha curcas residual from oil factory be focused as a soybean meal or fish meal replacement. On the other hand, J. curcas residuals possess a toxic compound as well. This study aimed to examine the effect of Aspergillus niger on the nutrition and harmful content of J. curcas as a potential ingredient of feed. In brief, J. curcas residual was fermented with a detoxification method at 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d. Crude protein, fat, and crude fiber content were assessed to discover the biological responses of J. curcas post–fermentation while phorbol ester was evaluated to toxic content post–detoxification. The results showed that crude protein and fat content were highest on 7 d post–fermentation but it was no significant difference (p > 0.05). While crude fiber content showed significant difference which the 3 d fermentation had the highest content of fiber. For phorbol ester content, 3 d fermentation showed a better result than the control group (p < 0.05). The present findings suggest that A. niger is recommendable as starter to reduce fiber and toxic content of J. curcas residual at 3 d fermentation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte E. Pugsley ◽  
R. E. Isaac ◽  
Nicholas J. Warren ◽  
Olivier J. Cayre

Since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans in 1998 by Fire and Mello et al., strides have been made in exploiting RNAi for therapeutic applications and more recently for highly selective insect pest control. Although triggering mRNA degradation in insects through RNAi offers significant opportunities in crop protection, the application of environmental naked dsRNA is often ineffective in eliciting a RNAi response that results in pest lethality. There are many possible reasons for the failed or weak induction of RNAi, with predominant causes being the degradation of dsRNA in the formulated pesticide, in the field or in the insect once ingested, poor cuticular and oral uptake of the nucleic acid and sometimes the lack of an innate strong systemic RNAi response. Therefore, in the last 10 years significant research effort has focused on developing methods for the protection and delivery of environmental dsRNA to enable RNAi-induced insect control. This review focuses on the design and synthesis of vectors (vehicles that are capable of carrying and protecting dsRNA) that successfully enhance mRNA degradation via the RNAi machinery. The majority of solutions exploit the ability of charged polymers, both synthetic and natural, to complex with dsRNA, but alternative nanocarriers such as clay nanosheets and liposomal vesicles have also been developed. The various challenges of dsRNA delivery and the obstacles in the development of well-designed nanoparticles that act to protect the nucleic acid are highlighted. In addition, future research directions for improving the efficacy of RNA-mediated crop protection are anticipated with inspiration taken from polymeric architectures constructed for RNA-based therapeutic applications.


Author(s):  
Novizar Nazir ◽  
Djumali Mangunwidjaja ◽  
Dwi Setyaningsih ◽  
Sri Yuliani ◽  
Mohd. Ambar Yarmo ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chusnul Hidayat ◽  
Pudji Hastuti ◽  
Siti Utazmi ◽  
Avita Kusuma Wardhani ◽  
Dinar Surya Pradipta

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