Oncogenic H-Ras Expression Induces Fatty Acid Profile Changes in Human Fibroblasts and Extracellular Vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer surrounded particles that are considered an additional way to transmit signals outside the cell. Lipids have not only a structural role in the organization of EVs membrane bilayer, but they also represent a source of lipid mediators that may act on target cells. Senescent cells are characterized by a permanent arrest of cell proliferation, but they are still metabolically active and influence nearby tissue secreting specific signaling mediators, including those carried by EVs. Notably, cellular senescence is associated with increased EVs release. Here, we used gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to investigate the total fatty acid content of EVs released by fibroblasts undergoing H-RasV12-induced senescence and their parental cells. We find that H-RasV12 fibroblasts show increased level of monounsaturated and decreased level of saturated fatty acids, as compared to control cells. These changes are associated with transcriptional up-regulation of specific fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes. The EVs released by both controls and senescent fibroblasts show a higher level of saturated and polyunsaturated species, as compared to parental cells. Considering that fibroblasts undergoing H-RasV12-induced senescence release a higher number of EVs, these findings indicate that senescent cells release via EVs a higher amount of fatty acids, and in particular of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, as compared to control cells.

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Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1133

Author(s):

Atique Ahmed Behan ◽

Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽

Teck Chwen Loh ◽

Sharida Fakurazi ◽

Ubedullah Kaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dorper Sheep

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.

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Modifying egg fatty acid content by supplementation of laying hen diets with palm olein oil (POO)

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200030519 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 212-212

Author(s):

S J Hosseini Vashan ◽

N Afzali ◽

A Golian ◽

M Malekaneh ◽

A Allahressani

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Olein Oil

Palm oil is the most abundant of all oils produced globally. It is very high in saturated fatty acids specifically palmitic acid, but other fatty acids (monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated) are presented at low concentrations. In the processing plant some high amount of oleic acid with some other unsaturated fatty acids are extracted and marketed as Palm olein oil, and used to reduce blood or egg cholesterol (Rievelles et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of dietary palm olein oil required to enrich the mono-unsaturated fatty acid content of yolk, egg cholesterol and antibody titre.

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Inhibition of ovine gastric acid secretion by intraduodenal long-chain fatty acids

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1982.243.2.g127 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 243 (2) ◽

pp. G127-G133

Author(s):

L. M. McLeay ◽

J. M. Fitzgerald

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Secretion ◽

Gastric Acid Secretion ◽

Gastric Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Output ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Conscious Sheep

Effects on ovine gastric function of procedures that increase intestinal unsaturated fatty acid content are unknown, and the present aim was to compare the effects of duodenal unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on gastric secretion in conscious sheep. During the maximal gastric secretory response to a meal, 10 ml gallbladder bile alone or with myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids and oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were infused into the duodenum at a rate of 5 g fatty acid . h-1 for 1 h. Compared with control 154 mM NaCl (100%), acid output was reduced to 4-7% of control with infusion of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and myristic acids plus bile. Reductions in acid secretion persisted for up to 5 h from the end of infusion. In contrast, the infusion of palmitic and stearic acids with bile caused mean maximal reductions in acid output, respectively, to only 64 and 55% of control, and levels returned to control within 1 h of the end of infusion. Bile infusion alone caused no reduction in acid secretion. Under the conditions used, C18 unsaturated fatty acids and myristic acid were potent inhibitors of ovine gastric acid secretion. The lesser effects of palmitic and stearic acids were probably related to their reduced solubility and absorption.

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Sludge char-to-fuel approaches based on the hydrothermal fueling IV: fermentation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.281 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinyi Qin ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Ruiwen Yang ◽

Jiao Fang ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Acid Content ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Heating Value ◽

Cyclic Amino Acids

Abstract Sewage sludge was subjected to hydrothermal fueling (HTF) (330 °C for 40 min), obtaining hydrochar at 13.5 MJ kg−1. The higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content. The results showed that although the higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content, with the intensification of HTF, the increase in aliphatic/cyclic amino acids determined the production of HHV in the hydrochar. In order to increase the content of fatty acids and amino acids, the sludge was fermented. However, the Bacteroidetes consumed the organic matter too early, which was detrimental to the production of HHV. Therefore, appropriate sludge fermentation is recommended to restrict excessive Bacteroidetes proliferation, decompose lipids to saturated fatty acids, and convert proteins to aliphatic/cyclic amino acids to increase the efficiency of converting sludge to fuel.

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The n-10 Fatty Acids Family in the Lipidome of Human Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Cell Membranes and Extracellular Vesicles

10.20944/preprints202001.0261.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carla Ferreri ◽

Anna Sansone ◽

Sandra Buratta ◽

Lorena Urbanelli ◽

Eva Costanzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Cell Membranes ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Prostatic Adenocarcinoma ◽

Fatty Acid Isomer ◽

Adenocarcinoma Cell

A new pathway leading to the n-10 fatty acid series has been recently evidenced, starting from sapienic acid - a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) resulting from the transformation of palmitic acid by delta-6 desaturase. Sapienic acid attracts attention as novel marker of cancer cell plasticity. Here, we analyzed fatty acids including the n-10 fatty acid contents, and compared for the first time cell membranes and the corresponding extracellular vesicles (EV) of two human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines of different aggressiveness (PC3 and LNCaP). The n-10 components were 9-13% of the total fatty acids in both cancer cell lines and EVs, with total MUFA levels significantly higher in EVs of the most aggressive cell type (PC3). High sapienic/palmitoleic ratios indicated the preference for delta-6 vs. delta-9 desaturase enzymatic activity in these cell lines. The expressions analysis of enzymes involved in desaturation and elongation by qRT-PCR showed a higher desaturase activity in PC3 and a higher elongase activity toward polyunsaturated fatty acids than toward saturated fatty acids, compared to LNCaP cells. Our results improve the present knowledge in cancer fatty acid metabolism and lipid phenotypes, highlighting EV lipidomics to monitor positional fatty acid isomer profiles and MUFA levels in cancer.

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Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals altered lipid metabolism and consequent health indices in chicken supplemented with dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum and mannan-oligosaccharides

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97467-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kapil Dev ◽

Jubeda Begum ◽

Avishek Biswas ◽

Nasir Akbar Mir ◽

Jitendra Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Health Indices ◽

Mannan Oligosaccharides

AbstractThis study investigated the role of dietary prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), and probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) in lipid metabolism, deposition, and consequent health indices in broiler chicken. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed resulted in downregulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterolregulatory element binding protein-1, and apolipoprotein B100; and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α AMP-activated protein kinase α-1, and stearoyl CoA (∆9) desaturase-1 hepatic expression in broiler chicken. The birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed depicted lower body fat percentage, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acid contents, whereas, higher palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and MUFA contents were observed. The ∆9-desaturase indices of chicken meat have shown higher values; and elongase index (only thigh) and thioesterase index have shown lower values in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. The meat health indices such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/Saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, Mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA)/SFA ratio, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/SFA ratio, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio, saturation index, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content were positively improved in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. Similarly, the birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed have shown lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels along with higher high density levels and improved serum health indices cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and, atherogenic index of plasma.

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Effect of animal age and gender on fatty acid and elemental composition in Austrian beef applicable for authentication purposes

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-012-0179-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriána Bednárová ◽

Ján Mocák ◽

Walter Gössler ◽

Margit Velik ◽

Josef Kaufmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Principal Component ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

AbstractThe main aim of the present study was to find differences in the content of fatty acids and variations in elemental composition in beef samples of longissimus dorsi muscle related to cattle age and gender. A further goal was to describe interrelations among the selected variables (descriptors) characterising the samples. For this purpose, an extensive data table was compiled, which contains chemical descriptors specifying forty-six beef samples originating from four well-known Austrian grassland-based beef labels. The following descriptors were investigated: (a) concentrations of 33 fatty acids, (b) concentrations of 19 elements, (c) contents of dry-mass, protein, intramuscular fat, and ash, (d) total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (e) total contents of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFA and their ratio. The correlation analysis provided a number of statistically significant correlations among the descriptors, which were concordant with the results of the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the effect of age and gender of cattle (both acting as target factors) on the fatty acid content and elemental composition of beef was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and appropriate non-parametric tests. Several important interrelations among the beef characteristics investigated were also discovered. Finally, the most relevant beef descriptors were utilised in linear discrimination analysis (LDA) for predicting the slaughter age of the cattle for beef authentication.

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Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase-Deficient Mice Have Reduced Weight and Liver Triacylglycerol Content and Altered Glycerolipid Fatty Acid Composition

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.22.23.8204-8214.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 8204-8214 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

Linda E. Hammond ◽

Patricia A. Gallagher ◽

Shuli Wang ◽

Sylvia Hiller ◽

Kimberly D. Kluckman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Positional Analysis ◽

Triacylglycerol Content ◽

Hepatic Triacylglycerol

ABSTRACT Microsomal and mitochondrial isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; E.C. 2.3.1.15) catalyze the committed step in glycerolipid synthesis. The mitochondrial isoform, mtGPAT, was believed to control the positioning of saturated fatty acids at the sn-1 position of phospholipids, and nutritional, hormonal, and overexpression studies suggested that mtGPAT activity is important for the synthesis of triacylglycerol. To determine whether these purported functions were true, we constructed mice deficient in mtGPAT. mtGPAT−/− mice weighed less than controls and had reduced gonadal fat pad weights and lower hepatic triacylglycerol content, plasma triacylglycerol, and very low density lipoprotein triacylglycerol secretion. As predicted, in mtGPAT−/− liver, the palmitate content was lower in triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Positional analysis revealed that mtGPAT−/− liver phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine had about 21% less palmitate in the sn-1 position and 36 and 40%, respectively, more arachidonate in the sn-2 position. These data confirm the important role of mtGPAT in the synthesis of triacylglycerol, in the fatty acid content of triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters, and in the positioning of specific fatty acids, particularly palmitate and arachidonate, in phospholipids. The increase in arachidonate may be functionally significant in terms of eicosanoid production.

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Effects of including a ruminally protected lipid supplement in the diet on the fatty acid composition of beef muscle

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2003933 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 709-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Nigel D. Scollan ◽

Mike Enser ◽

Suresh K. Gulati ◽

Ian Richardson ◽

Jeff D. Wood

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Neutral Lipid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Large Shift ◽

Lipid Supplement

Enhancing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and decreasing the saturated fatty acid content of beef is an important target in terms of improving the nutritional value of this food for the consumer. The present study examined the effects of feeding a ruminally protected lipid supplement (PLS) rich in PUFA on the fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis muscle and associated subcutaneous adipose tissue. Animals were fed ad libitum on grass silage plus one of three concentrate treatments in which the lipid source was either Megalac (rich in palmitic acid; 16:0) or PLS (soyabean, linseed and sunflower-seed oils resulting in an 18:2n−6:18:3n−3 value of 2·4:1). Treatment 1 contained 100g Megalac/kg (Mega, control); treatment 2 (PLS1) contained 54g Megalac/kg with 500g PLS/d fed separately; treatment 3 (PLS2) contained no Megalac and 1000g PLS/d fed separately. The PLS was considered as part of the overall concentrate allocation per d in maintaining an overall forage:concentrate value of 60:40 on a DM basis. Total dietary fat was formulated to be 0·07 of DM of which 0·04 was the test oil. Total intramuscular fatty acids (mg/100g muscle) were decreased by 0·31 when feeding PLS2 compared with Mega (P<0·05). In neutral lipid, the PLS increased the proportion of 18:2n−6 and 18:3n−3 by 2·7 and 4·1 on diets PLS1 and PLS2 v. Mega, respectively. Similar responses were noted for these fatty acids in phospholipid. The amounts or proportions of 20:4n−6, 20:5n−3 or 22:6n−3 were not influenced by diet whereas the amounts and proportions of 22:4n−6 and 22:5n−3 in phospholipid were decreased with inclusion of the PLS. The amounts of the saturated fatty acids, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0, in neutral lipid were on average 0·37 lower on treatment PLS2 compared with Mega. Feeding the PLS also decreased the proportion of 16:0 in neutral lipid. The amount of 18:1n-9 (P=0·1) and the amount and proportion of 18:1 trans (P<0·01) were lower on treatments PLS1 and PLS2 in neutral lipid and phospholipid. Conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11) was not influenced by diet in the major storage fraction for this fatty acid, neutral lipid. The PUFA:saturated fatty acids value was increased markedly (×2·5) with inclusion of the PLS (P<0·001) while the σn−6:n−3 value increased slightly (×1·2; P=0·015). The results suggest that the protected lipid used, which was rich in PUFA, had a high degree of protection from the hydrogenating action of rumen micro-organisms. The PLS resulted in meat with a lower content of total fat, decreased saturated fatty acids and much higher 18:2n−6 and 18:3n−3. The net result was a large shift in polyunsaturated: saturated fatty acids, 0·28 v. 0·08, on feeding PLS2 compared with Mega, respectively.

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Influence of Simazine and Atrazine on Free Fatty Acid Content in Isolated Chloroplasts

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500031696 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 57-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. E. Smith ◽

R. E. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid Content ◽

Acid Content ◽

Spinacia Oleracea ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Total Fatty Acids ◽

Isolated Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts, isolated from fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were treated with four concentrations of each 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) or 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) to determine the influence of these herbicides on the free fatty acid content in isolated chloroplasts. The treated chloroplast solutions were sampled at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min following treatment. Results indicated that most herbicide treatments increased free fatty acid content in isolated chloroplasts when compared with the zero concentration treatments. The increased fatty acid content was similar for most concentrations of simazine and atrazine. Results of individual fatty acid analyses indicated that the increase in total fatty acids was a result of increases in concentration of unsaturated rather than saturated fatty acids.

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