scholarly journals The Role of Angiogenesis and Pro-Angiogenic Exosomes in Regenerative Dentistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina-Andreea Zimta ◽  
Oana Baru ◽  
Mandra Badea ◽  
Smaranda Buduru ◽  
Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Oral Tissue ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Stimulation Of

Dental surgeries can result in traumatic wounds that provoke major discomfort and have a high risk of infection. In recent years, density research has taken a keen interest in finding answers to this problem by looking at the latest results made in regenerative medicine and adapting them to the specificities of oral tissue. One of the undertaken directions is the study of angiogenesis as an integrative part of oral tissue regeneration. The stimulation of this process is intended to enhance the local availability of stem cells, oxygen levels, nutrient supply, and evacuation of toxic waste. For a successful stimulation of local angiogenesis, two major cellular components must be considered: the stem cells and the vascular endothelial cells. The exosomes are extracellular vesicles, which mediate the communication between two cell types. In regenerative dentistry, the analysis of exosome miRNA content taps into the extended communication between these cell types with the purpose of improving the regenerative potential of oral tissue. This review analyzes the stem cells available for the dentistry, the molecular cargo of their exosomes, and the possible implications these may have for a future therapeutic induction of angiogenesis in the oral wounds.

scholarly journals First blood: the endothelial origins of hematopoietic progenitors

Angiogenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Canu ◽  
Christiana Ruhrberg
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Clinical Interest

AbstractHematopoiesis in vertebrate embryos occurs in temporally and spatially overlapping waves in close proximity to blood vascular endothelial cells. Initially, yolk sac hematopoiesis produces primitive erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages. Thereafter, sequential waves of definitive hematopoiesis arise from yolk sac and intraembryonic hemogenic endothelia through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, the endothelial and hematopoietic transcriptional programs are tightly co-regulated to orchestrate a shift in cell identity. In the yolk sac, EHT generates erythro-myeloid progenitors, which upon migration to the liver differentiate into fetal blood cells, including erythrocytes and tissue-resident macrophages. In the dorsal aorta, EHT produces hematopoietic stem cells, which engraft the fetal liver and then the bone marrow to sustain adult hematopoiesis. Recent studies have defined the relationship between the developing vascular and hematopoietic systems in animal models, including molecular mechanisms that drive the hemato-endothelial transcription program for EHT. Moreover, human pluripotent stem cells have enabled modeling of fetal human hematopoiesis and have begun to generate cell types of clinical interest for regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Modeling the role of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria microdomains in calcium dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Moshkforoush ◽  
Baarbod Ashenagar ◽  
Nikolaos M. Tsoukias ◽  
B. Rita Alevriadou
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractUpon inositol trisphosphate (IP3) stimulation of non-excitable cells, including vascular endothelial cells, calcium (Ca2+) shuttling between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, facilitated by complexes called Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes (MAMs), is known to play an important role in the occurrence of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]Cyt) oscillations. A mathematical compartmental closed-cell model of Ca2+ dynamics was developed that accounts for ER-mitochondria Ca2+ microdomains as the µd compartment (besides the cytosol, ER and mitochondria), Ca2+ influx to/efflux from each compartment and Ca2+ buffering. Varying the distribution of functional receptors in MAMs vs. the rest of ER/mitochondrial membranes, a parameter called the channel connectivity coefficient (to the µd), allowed for generation of [Ca2+]Cytoscillations driven by distinct mechanisms at various levels of IP3 stimulation. Oscillations could be initiated by the transient opening of IP3 receptors facing either the cytosol or the µd, and subsequent refilling of the respective compartment by Ca2+ efflux from the ER and/or the mitochondria. Only under conditions where the µd became the oscillation-driving compartment, silencing the Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter led to oscillation inhibition. Thus, the model predicts that alternative mechanisms can yield [Ca2+]Cyt oscillations in non-excitable cells, and, under certain conditions, the ER-mitochondria µd can play a regulatory role.

scholarly journals Role of MicroRNAs 99b, 181a, and 181b in the Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Vascular Endothelial Cells

Stem Cells ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Kane ◽  
Lynsey Howard ◽  
Betty Descamps ◽  
Marco Meloni ◽  
John McClure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Vascular Endothelial

scholarly journals The Role of GPR15 Function in Blood and Vasculature

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10824
Author(s):  
Mario Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cytoprotective Effect ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Since the first prominent description of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) on lymphocytes as a co-receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and 2 and the first report about the GPR15-triggered cytoprotective effect on vascular endothelial cells by recombinant human thrombomodulin, several decades passed before the GPR15 has been recently deorphanized. Because of new findings on GPR15, this review will summarize the consequences of GPR15 signaling considering the variety of GPR15-expressing cell types and of GPR15 ligands, with a focus on blood and vasculature.

scholarly journals The emerging role of cell senescence in atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Meng Wu ◽  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Yan-Wei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

AbstractCell senescence is a fundamental mechanism of aging and appears to play vital roles in the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, fibrotic pulmonary disease, liver disease and tumor. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence shows that cell senescence plays an indispensable role in the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Multiple senescent cell types are associated with atherosclerosis, senescent human vascular endothelial cells participated in atherosclerosis via regulating the level of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), angiotensin II and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), senescent human vascular smooth muscle cells-mediated plaque instability and vascular calcification via regulating the expression level of BMP-2, OPN, Runx-2 and inflammatory molecules, and senescent macrophages impaired cholesterol efflux and promoted the development of senescent-related cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the characteristics of cell senescence and updates the molecular mechanisms underlying cell senescence. Moreover, we also discuss the recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that can potentially regulate the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals VEGF involvement in psoriasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Elena Marina ◽  
Iulia Ioana Roman ◽  
Anne-Marie Constantin ◽  
Carmen Mihaela Mihu ◽  
Alexandru Dumitru Tătaru
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Vegf Pathway ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key growth factor, regulating the neovascularization, during embryogenesis, skeletal growth, reproductive functions and pathological processes. The VEGF receptors (VEGFR) are present in endothelial cells and other cell types, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, hematopoietic stem cells, monocytes, neurons, macrophages, and platelets.Angiogenesis is initiated by the activation of vascular endothelial cells through several factors. The excess dermal vascularity and VEGF production are markers of psoriasis.The pathological role of VEGF/VEGFR signaling during the psoriasis onset and evolution makes it a promising target for the treatment of psoriasis. Antibodies and other types of molecules targeting the VEGF pathway are currently evaluated in arresting the evolution of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Cadmium Stimulation of Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis by Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells: Comparison of Various Cell Types.

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki KAJI ◽  
Susumu OHKAWARA ◽  
Miho INADA ◽  
Chika YAMAMOTO ◽  
Michiko SAKAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hemangioblastoma Stromal Cells Show Committed Stem Cell Phenotype

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra M. Welten ◽  
Emily C. Keats ◽  
Lee-Cyn Ang ◽  
Zia A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Tumors ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Stem Cell Phenotype

Background:Hemangioblastomas are benign vascular tumors of the central nervous system that occur sporadically or in association with von Hippel-Lindau disease. These tumors are characteristically composed of a dense capillary network with intervening stromal/interstitial cells. To date, the histogenesis of hemangioblastoma remains unclear. We hypothesize that hemangioblastomas arise from a defective mesodermal stem cell, which gives rise to the atypical vasculature.Methods:To test our hypothesis, we have characterized the cellular composition of hemangioblastomas by immunophenotyping pluripotent and committed stem cells and vascular endothelial cells.Results:Our findings show that hemangioblastoma endothelial cells are positive for CD133, a stem and progenitor cell marker. Vascular endothelial cells also expressed nuclear Oct4. In addition to the endothelium, both CD133 and Oct4 were present in stromal and perivascular cells. Interestingly, neither the endothelium nor the stromal cells expressed Sox2 or Nanog suggesting a committed stem cell phenotype.Conclusions:From these findings, we believe that hemangioblastoma stromal cells are committed stem cells producing both vascular cell types. The findings also show an unusual CD133-positive endothelial phenotype in hemangioblastoma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document