scholarly journals The Evolution and Biocatalysis of FAD2 Indicate Its Correlation to the Content of Seed Oil in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Zhao ◽  
Wenyi Wang ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Li Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Directed Mutation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Oil

Unsaturated fatty acids are the main components of vegetable oils. Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) catalyzes oleic acid (OA) into linoleic acid (LA) transformations, which are essential to the profile of FAs in seeds. To further understand the roles of FAD2s in the synthesis of oil, the evolution and biocatalysis of FAD2s were comprehensively analyzed. The evolution history of the FAD2 gene family showed that most of the FAD2 genes formed monophyletic clades except in eudicots. The FAD2 genes in some eudicots diverged into constitutive and seed-specific expression clades. Notably, the biocatalysis of seed-specific or -abundant expression FAD2s in soybean, perilla, rice, and spruce revealed that their catalytic activity was strongly correlated with the total oil content of their seeds in nature. Additionally, it was found that I and Y in site 143 of GmaFAD2-1 were strictly conserved in the seed-specific and constitutive expression clades of Fabaceae, respectively. Furthermore, the site-directed mutation demonstrated that I and Y are vital to improving and reducing the activity of GmaFAD2s. Therefore, the results indicate that the activity of FAD2s in seeds might be a reference to the total oil content of seeds, and site 143 might have been specifically evolved to be required for the activity of FAD2s in some expression-diverged eudicots, especially in legumes.

scholarly journals Variability of the total oil content and fatty acid profile of creole avocados from Nuevo Leon, Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 705-719
Author(s):  
Efraín Acosta-Díaz ◽  
María Genoveva Álvarez-Ojeda ◽  
Salvador Horacio Guzmán-Maldonado ◽  
Isidro Humberto Almeyda-León
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
The State ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Commercial Variety ◽  
Nuevo Leon ◽  
Nuevo León ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Oil

Introduction. The State of Nuevo Leon is considered the depositary of a wide genetic diversity of creole avocados (Persea americana var drimyfolia). Objective. The aim of this work was to determine the variability of the total oil content and the fatty acids profile in creole avocados from Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Materials and methods. During the spring and summer of 2016, 36 varieties of creole avocados were collected in the northern and southern region of the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico for chemical characterization. The commercial variety “Hass” was included as a control. To determine the variability that exists in the content of total oils and fatty acids in the collected materials, analyzes of the main components and conglomerates were carried out. Results. Six fatty acids were detected in the total oil of the creole avocados: palmitic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic. The outstanding varieties were “Platano temprano”, “Platano delgado”, “Huevo de toro”, “Cuerno”, “Pato”, and “Especial”, which presented an average of 17.28, 24.93 and 66.29 % more in the content of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids respectively, and an average of 28.12 % less stearic acid compared to the commercial variety “Hass”. According to the analysis of main components, materials with high oleic acid content usually have low palmitic and palmitoleic acid contents. The dendrogram presented six groups within the evaluated materials, most of the outstanding materials are located in groups one and four. Conclusion. High variability in the content of total oils and fatty acids was determined in creole avocados from Nuevo Leon. Therefore, they are considered promising for their incorporation into genetic improvement programs.

OIL CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE PARTS OF OIL PALM FRUIT FROM 8 IOPRI VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Sujadi Sujadi ◽  
Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan ◽  
Meta Rivani ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Component

Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) consist of fruit be composed grade in few spikelet. Fruit at a spikelet can be distinguished into performed fruit namely internal fruit, middle fruit and outer fruit as soon as each section contain parthenocarpy fruits. This research was conducted for determine composition and content fatty acid of oil at internal fruit, middle, outer and parthenocarpy fruit from oil palm fruit. Samples of fruit came from 3 – 5 spikelet the central of FFB. Result showed that oil content of outer fruit (46.9 + 9.9)% trend higher be compared middle fruit (42.8 + 10.3)% and internal fruit (39.1 + 9.5)%. Parthenocarpy fruits have a low oil content (14.2 + 16.2)% except yellowish fruit trend high relatively oil content. The main components of fatty acid at outer fruit, middle and internal are palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and stearic with mean value respectively (44.8 – 45.8)%, (37.6 – 38.0)%, (9.9 – 10.9)% and (4.6 – 4.8)%. Oil content at parthenocarpy fruit have amount main component of fatty acid with performed fruit but composition of palmitic acid (40.0 + 5.9)% and oleic (34.6 + 8.4)% lower while linoleic acid (16.9 + 8.5)% and linolenic (1.6 + 1.8)% higher be compared to performed fruit. Simalungun variety has the highest oil content in the part of fruit, with that PPKS 540 and La Mé respectively. PPKS 540 variety has the highest oleic acid content while PPKS 718 has the highest linoleic content.

scholarly journals Association between the Polymorphisms of fads2a and fads2b and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Qing Sun ◽  
Yu-Qing Ye ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Qing-Song Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase 2

Fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in PUFAs biosynthesis. Compared with the diploid fish encoding one fads2, the allo-tetraploid common carp, one most important food fish, encodes two fads2 genes (fads2a and fads2b). The associations between the contents of different PUFAs and the polymorphisms of fads2a and fads2b have not been studied. The contents of 12 PUFAs in common carp individuals were measured, and the polymorphisms in the coding sequences of fads2a and fads2b were screened. We identified five coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) in fads2a and eleven cSNPs in fads2b. Using the mixed linear model and analysis of variance, a synonymous fads2a cSNP was significantly associated with the content of C20:3n-6. One non-synonymous fads2b cSNP (fads2b.751) and one synonymous fads2b cSNP (fads2b.1197) were associated with the contents of seven PUFAs and the contents of six PUFAs, respectively. The heterozygous genotypes in both loci were associated with higher contents than the homozygous genotypes. The fads2b.751 genotype explained more phenotype variation than the fads2b.1197 genotype. These two SNPs were distributed in one haplotype block and associated with the contents of five common PUFAs. These results suggested that fads2b might be the major gene responding to common carp PUFA contents and that fads.751 might be the main effect SNP. These cSNPs would be potential markers for future selection to improve the PUFA contents in common carp.

244An automated beat exclusion algorithm to improve beat-to-beat P-wave morphology analysis

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Tachmatzidis ◽  
D Filos ◽  
I Chouvarda ◽  
A Tsarouchas ◽  
D Mouselimis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P Wave ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Wave Analysis ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Wave Morphology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ectopic Beats ◽  
Rater Variability ◽  
Operator Workload

Abstract Background A manually beat-to-beat P-wave analysis has previously revealed the existence of multiple P-wave morphologies in patients with paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (AF) while on sinus rhythm, distinguishing them from healthy, AF free patients. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an Automated Beat Exclusion algorithm (ABE) that excludes noisy or ectopic beats, replacing manual beat evaluation during beat-to-beat P-wave analysis, by assessing its effect on inter-rater variability and reproducibility. Methods Beat-to-beat P-wave morphology analysis was performed on 34 ten-minute ECG recordings of patients with a history of AF. Each recording was analyzed independently by two clinical experts for a total of four analysis runs; once with ABE and once again with the manual exclusion of ineligible beats. The inter-rater variability and reproducibility of the analysis with and without ABE were assessed by comparing the agreement of analysis runs with respect to secondary morphology detection, primary morphology ECG template and the percentage of both, as these aspects have been previously used to discriminate PAF patients from controls. Results Comparing ABE to manual exclusion in detecting secondary P-wave morphologies displayed substantial (Cohen"s k = 0.69) to almost perfect (k = 0.82) agreement. Area difference among auto and manually calculated main morphology templates was in every case <5% (p < 0.01) and the correlation coefficient was >0.99 (p < 0.01). Finally, the percentages of beats classified to the primary or secondary morphology per recording by each analysis were strongly correlated, for both main and secondary P-wave morphologies, ranging from ρ=0.756 to ρ=0.940 (picture) Conclusion The use of the ABE algorithm does not diminish inter-rater variability and reproducibility of the analysis. The primary and secondary P-wave morphologies produced by all analyses were similar, both in terms of their template and their frequency. Based on the results of this study, the ABE algorithm incorporated in the beat-to-beat P-wave morphology analysis drastically reduces operator workload without influencing the quality of the analysis. Abstract Figure.

scholarly journals Total Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Some Almond (Amygdalus communis L.) Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Yildirim ◽  
Fatma Akinci-Yildirim ◽  
Bekir San ◽  
Yilmaz Sesli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Amygdalus Communis

Significance of Positive and Negative Syndromes in Chronic Schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Kay ◽  
L. A. Opler ◽  
A. Fiszbein
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Impairment ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient Stay ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Positive and negative syndromes were studied in relation to demographic, historical, genealogical, clinical, psychometric, extrapyramidal, and follow-up measures of 101 chronic schizophrenic patients. The criterion scales proved to be reliable, normally distributed, and strongly correlated with general psychopathology, but otherwise inversely related to one another. Multiple regression analysis identified sets of 4–6 independent variables that explained 74%-81 % of the scales' variance. A positive syndrome was associated chiefly with productive features, family history of sociopathy, more previous hospital admissions, and longer in-patient stay during the 30-month follow-up period. A negative syndrome correlated with deficits in cognitive, affective, social, and motor spheres, higher incidence of major psychiatric illness but less affective disorder among relatives, lower education, and greater cognitive developmental impairment. The results underscore the importance of genetic and biodevelopmental variables for understanding schizophrenic syndromes.

Effectiveness of a Modified Version of Airflow Therapy

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Glenn L. Falkowski ◽  
Arthur M. Guilford ◽  
Jack Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Main Components

Utilizing airflow therapy, Schwartz (1976) has claimed an 89% success rate with stutterers following treatment and an 83% success rate at one year follow-up. Such claims have yet to be documented in the scientific literature. The purposes of this study were: (a) to investigate the effectiveness of a modified version of airflow therapy; (b) to examine the relative importance of its two main components—passive airflow and elongation of the first vowel spoken. The speech of two adult male stutterers with a lengthy history of stuttering, was assessed with spontaneous speaking and reading tasks. Results indicated marked improvement in both subjects' speech on the reading task was maintained at follow-up 10 weeks later. For spontaneous speech, results were generally weaker and less durable. Effects of the two treatment components were cumulative and did not allow determination of any differential effectiveness between components. Implications of these findings were considered and directions for future research discussed.

scholarly journals A 5-Methylcytosine Site of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) Gene Affects Its Tissue-Specific Expression in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Zhangyuan Pan ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Ran Di ◽  
Qiuyue Liu ◽  
Wenping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Directed Mutation ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Basal Transcriptional Activity

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) plays an important role in the early folliculogenesis of sheep. This study investigated the mRNA expression of ovine GDF9 in different tissues by real-time PCR. GDF9 exhibits significantly higher levels of expression (p < 0.01) in the ovary, relative to other tissues, indicating that its expression is tissue specific. To explore the regulatory mechanism of this tissue-specific expression, the methylation level of one CpG island (−1453 to −1854) of GDF9 promoter in ovary and heart was determined. In this region (−1987 to −1750), only the mC-4 site was present in the Sp4 binding site showed differential methylation between the heart and ovary; with increased (p < 0.01) methylation being observed in the heart. Additionally, the methylation level was negatively correlated with GDF9 mRNA expression (R = −0.75, p = 0.012), indicating that the methylation of this site plays an important role in transcriptional regulation of GDF9. The methylation effect of the mC-4 site was confirmed by using dual-luciferase. Site-directed mutation (methylation) of mC-4 site significantly reduced (p < 0.05) basal transcriptional activity of GDF9 promoter in oocytes. These results imply that methylation of GDF9 promoter CpG island mC-4 site may affect the binding of the Sp4 transcription factor to the GDF9 promoter region in sheep, thereby regulating GDF9 expression and resulting in a tissue-specific expression.

scholarly journals Promoter-specific regulation of PPARGC1A gene expression in human skeletal muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil V Popov ◽  
Evgeny A Lysenko ◽  
Tatiana F Vepkhvadze ◽  
Nadia S Kurochkina ◽  
Pavel A Maknovskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Alternative Promoter ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The goal of this study was to identify unknown transcription start sites of thePPARGC1A(PGC-1α) gene in human skeletal muscle and investigate the promoter-specific regulation ofPGC-1αgene expression in human skeletal muscle. Ten amateur endurance-trained athletes performed high- and low-intensity exercise sessions (70 min, 70% or 50%o2max). High-throughput RNA sequencing and exon–exon junction mapping were applied to analyse muscle samples obtained at rest and after exercise.PGC-1αpromoter-specific expression and activation of regulators of PGC-1α gene expression (AMPK, p38 MAPK, CaMKII, PKA and CREB1) after exercise were evaluated using qPCR and western blot. Our study has demonstrated that during post-exercise recovery, human skeletal muscle expresses thePGC-1αgene via two promoters only. As previously described, the additional exon 7a that contains a stop codon was found in all samples. Importantly, only minor levels of other splice site variants were found (and not in all samples). Constitutive expressionPGC-1αgene occurs via the canonical promoter, independent of exercise intensity and exercise-induced increase of AMPKThr172phosphorylation level. Expression ofPGC-1αgene via the alternative promoter is increased of two orders after exercise. This post-exercise expression is highly dependent on the intensity of exercise. There is an apparent association between expression via the alternative promoter and activation of CREB1.

Simple Methods for Measuring Total Oil Content by Benchtop NMR

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Krygsman ◽  
A Barrett ◽  
W Burk ◽  
H Todt
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Total Oil
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