The Geraniin-Rich Extract from Reunion Island Endemic Medicinal Plant Phyllanthus phillyreifolius Inhibits Zika and Dengue Virus Infection at Non-Toxic Effect Doses in Zebrafish

The mosquito-borne viruses dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses are two medically important pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. There is an urgent need of therapeutics against DENV and ZIKV, and medicinal plants are considered as a promising source of antiviral bioactive metabolites. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of Phyllanthus phillyreifolius, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, to prevent DENV and ZIKV infection in human cells. At non-cytotoxic concentration in vitro, incubation of infected A549 cells with a P. phillyreifolius extract or its major active phytochemical geraniin resulted in a dramatic reduction of virus progeny production for ZIKV as well as four serotypes of DENV. Virological assays showed that P. phillyreifolius extract-mediated virus inhibition relates to a blockade in internalization of virus particles into the host cell. Infectivity studies on ZIKV showed that both P. phillyreifolius and geraniin cause a loss of infectivity of the viral particles. Using a zebrafish model, we demonstrated that administration of P. phillyreifolius and geraniin has no effect on zebrafish locomotor activity while no morbidity nor mortality was observed up to 5 days post-inoculation. Thus, P. phillyreifolius could act as an important source of plant metabolite geraniin which is a promising antiviral compound in the fight against DENV and ZIKV.

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Potent and Non-Cytotoxic Antibacterial Compounds Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Psiloxylon mauritianum, A Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25163565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 3565

Author(s):

Jonathan Sorres ◽

Amandine André ◽

Elsa Van Elslande ◽

Didier Stien ◽

Véronique Eparvier

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Minimal Inhibition Concentration ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Antibacterial Compounds ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Réunion Island ◽

Endemic Medicinal Plant

With the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, identification of new anti-staphylococcal drugs has become a necessity. It has long been demonstrated that plants are a large and diverse source of antibacterial compounds. Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, was chemically investigated for its reported biological activity against S. aureus. Aspidin VB, a phloroglucinol derivative never before described, together with Aspidin BB, were first isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of P. mauritianum leaves. Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic data. Aspidin VB exhibited strong antibacterial activity against standard and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.25 μg/mL, and no cytotoxicity was observed at 10−5 M in MRC5 cells. Due to its biological activities, Aspidin VB appears to be a good natural lead in the fight against S. aureus.

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The Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an Endemic Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island, Inhibits the Early Stages of Dengue and Zika Virus Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20081860 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1860 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Clain ◽

Haddad ◽

Koishi ◽

Sinigaglia ◽

Rachidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Host Cells ◽

Reunion Island ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Réunion Island ◽

Endemic Medicinal Plant

The recent emergence and re-emergence of viral infections transmitted by vectors, such as the Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV), is a cause for international concern. These highly pathogenic arboviruses represent a serious health burden in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Despite the high morbidity and mortality associated with these viral infections, antiviral therapies are missing. Medicinal plants have been widely used to treat various infectious diseases since millenaries. Several compounds extracted from plants exhibit potent effects against viruses in vitro, calling for further investigations regarding their efficacy as antiviral drugs. Here, we demonstrate that an extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, inhibits the infection of ZIKV in vitro without exhibiting cytotoxic effects. The extract was active against different ZIKV African and Asian strains, including an epidemic one. Time-of-drug-addition assays revealed that the P. mauritianum extract interfered with the attachment of the viral particles to the host cells. Importantly, the P. mauritianum extract was also able to prevent the infection of human cells by four dengue virus serotypes. Due to its potency and ability to target ZIKV and DENV particles, P. mauritianum may be of value for identifying and characterizing antiviral compounds to fight medically-important flaviviruses.

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CYTOTOXIC METABOLITES OF ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA, AN ENDOPHYTE OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT BIDENS BIPINNATA

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i3.36317 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-48

Author(s):

RANDA ABDOU ◽

MOHAMED DAWOUD

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Cytostatic Activity ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Chromatographic Fractionation ◽

Promising Source

Objective: Endophytes are widely spread in the plant kingdom and represent a very promising source of biologically active natural products. The medicinal plant Bidens bipinnata Lin. (Asteraceae) which is known for its anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antitumor effects has been chosen for the investigation of its endophyte to search for bioactive metabolites. Methods: An endophytic Alternaria alternata species was isolated from the leaves of the plant B. bipinnata Lin. To investigate the metabolic profile of this endophytic fungus it was cultivated in several culture media as static and shaken culture. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the ethyl acetate extracts of the fungus were examined. Extracts exhibiting highest antimicrobial activities in agar diffusion assay and cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cell line were subjected to activity-guided chromatographic fractionation for the identification of bioactive metabolites. A cytotoxic assay was performed on the isolated compounds against HeLa cancer cell lines as well as cytostatic activity tests against HUVEC and K-562 cell lines. Results: Chromatographic fractionation resulted in the isolation and identification of alternariol and tentoxin from the extract of the fungus cultivated in medium M5 while sterigmatocystin was isolated in addition to alternariol and tentoxin from the extract of the fungus grown in medium M25. Both alternariol and sterigmatocystin proved to be of moderate cytotoxicity and weak cytostatic activity with alternariol showing higher cytotoxic activity than sterigmatocystin. Highest cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines was observed for tentoxin with a CC50 of 22.5 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study presents the isolation and identification of the bioactive metabolites alternariol, sterigmatocystin and tentoxin from the endophyte A. alternata in addition to the antifungal activity of the strain extract as well as the cytotoxic and cytostatic activities of the isolated metabolites against HeLa, HUVEC and K-562 cell lines, respectively.

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Cytotoxic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Endangered, Chinese Endemic Species Dysosma pleiantha

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2009-7-809 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (7-8) ◽

pp. 518-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yin Lu ◽

Shaoyuan Chen ◽

Ben Wang

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Antitumour Agents ◽

Endemic Medicinal Plant ◽

Trichoderma Citrinoviride ◽

Promising Source

Eleven strains of endophytic fungi which habitat in an endangered, Chinese endemic medicinal plant, Dysosma pleiantha (Hance) Woodson, were isolated and tested for their cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Six isolates were found to exhibit some cytotoxic activity. Extracts of F1273, F1276, and F1280, which were identified as Trichoderma citrinoviride, Chaetomium globosum and Ascomycete sp., in particular, showed most potent activity with LC50 values of 4.86, 7.71, and 14.88 μg/ml, respectively. These results indicate that endophytic fungi of Dysosma pleiantha could be a promising source for antitumour agents.

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Exploring the Antimicrobial Properties Against Human Pathogens and Mode of Action of Various Extracts from Fredolia aretioides, an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Morocco and Algeria

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190117144936 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 321-329

Author(s):

Btissam Bouchal ◽

Mounia Elidrissi Errahhali ◽

Manal Elidrissi Errahhali ◽

Redouane Boulouiz ◽

Meryem Ouarzane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

World Health ◽

Root Extract ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Endemic Medicinal Plant ◽

Fredolia Aretioides ◽

Promising Source

Background: Developing new antimicrobial medicines is one of the strategic objectives of the global action plan adopted by the World Health Organization to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Objective: Considering the fact that natural products derived from medicinal plants are an important source for discovering new antimicrobial compounds, we investigated here the antimicrobial properties and the mode of action of various extracts from Fredolia aretioides, an endemic medicinal plant of Morocco and Algeria, and belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family. Methods: Various extracts from F. aretioides were prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six bacterial species, and their antifungal activity against five fungi species. Chemicalgenetic screens were performed using a collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae viable haploid deletion mutants spanning diverse biological processes. Results: The diethyl ether extract of roots was found to be active against Citobacter freundii, with a MIC of 400 µg/ml. Hydro-methanol, methanol and residual extracts from aerial parts and roots were active against all five fungi species tested. Our results showed that residual extracts were the most effective against the fungi tested. Residual extract from aerial parts was more potent than the residual root extract, with IC50’s of 60 µg/ml and 440 µg/ml, respectively. Chemical-genetic analysis in S. cerevisiae revealed that residual extracts might affect fatty acid and sphingolipid biosynthesis. Conclusion: All these findings suggest that F. aretioides is a promising source for the isolation of novel antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action against human pathogens.

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