scholarly journals Aptamers, the Nucleic Acid Antibodies, in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoying Fu ◽  
Jim Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment

The arrival of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology in the 1970s brought with it the hope of conquering cancers to the medical community. However, mAbs, on the whole, did not achieve the expected wonder in cancer therapy although they do have demonstrated successfulness in the treatment of a few types of cancers. In 1990, another technology of making biomolecules capable of specific binding appeared. This technique, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), can make aptamers, single-stranded DNAs or RNAs that bind targets with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers have some advantages over mAbs in therapeutic uses particularly because they have little or no immunogenicity, which means the feasibility of repeated use and fewer side effects. In this review, the general properties of the aptamer, the advantages and limitations of aptamers, the principle and procedure of aptamer production with SELEX, particularly the undergoing studies in aptamers for cancer therapy, and selected anticancer aptamers that have entered clinical trials or are under active investigations are summarized.

Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy.

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Specific Targeting ◽  
Specific Tumor

The need for improved specificity in cancer therapy is apparent. With the advent of monoclonal antibodies, the possibility of specifically targeted therapy is being considered. Early trials of monoclonal antibody in experimental animals and humans have indicated its ability to traffic to specific tumor sites and to localize on or around the tumor cells displaying antigens to which the antibody is directed. This evidence of specific targeting, along with preliminary evidence of therapeutic efficacy for monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates with drugs, toxins, and isotopes is encouraging. The current status of clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies is reviewed and an example of the experimental approach for the development of immunoconjugates in animal models is presented.

Aptamer Oligonucleotides as Potential Therapeutics in Hematologic Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 788-795
Author(s):  
Weibin Li ◽  
Meng Zhao ◽  
Huihui Yan ◽  
Kaiyu Wang ◽  
XIaopeng lan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Exponential Enrichment ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

: Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides generated by a novel in vitro selection technique termed Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). During the past two decades, various aptamer drugs have been developed and many of them have entered into clinical trials. : In the present review, we focus on aptamers as potential therapeutics for hematological diseases, including anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI) and anemia of chronic disease (ACD), hemophilia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or VWD type-2B, and sickle cell disease (SCD), in particular, those that have entered into clinical trials

scholarly journals Aptamer-iRNAs as Therapeutics for Cancer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Soldevilla ◽  
Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli de Caso ◽  
Ashwathi Menon ◽  
Fernando Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment ◽  
Selection Of

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides (ssDNA or ssRNA) that bind and recognize their targets with high affinity and specificity due to their complex tertiary structure. Aptamers are selected by a method called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). This method has allowed the selection of aptamers to different types of molecules. Since then, many aptamers have been described for the potential treatment of several diseases including cancer. It has been described over the last few years that aptamers represent a very useful tool as therapeutics, especially for cancer therapy. Aptamers, thanks to their intrinsic oligonucleotide nature, present inherent advantages over other molecules, such as cell-based products. Owing to their higher tissue penetrability, safer profile, and targeting capacity, aptamers are likely to become a novel platform for the delivery of many different types of therapeutic cargos. Here we focus the review on interfering RNAs (iRNAs) as aptamer-based targeting delivered agents. We have gathered the most reliable information on aptamers as targeting and carrier agents for the specific delivery of siRNAs, shRNA, microRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) published in the last few years in the context of cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Cell-SELEX-based aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Min Meng ◽  
Ting Fu ◽  
Xiao-Bing Zhang ◽  
Weihong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract Nucleic acid aptamers, which are generated by a novel technique called SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), have recently attracted significant attention in the field of early detection and treatment of cancer based on their numerous merits, such as high affinity, high specificity, small size, little immunogenicity, stable structures, and ease of chemical modification. Furthermore, aptamers can gain more flexibility as cancer cell targeting tools when conjugated to nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, DNA nanodevices, and polymeric nanoparticles. We discuss the progress achieved in cancer diagnosis and therapy through the conjugation of cell-SELEX-based aptamers with different nanomaterials.

Aptamer and its role in diagnostics

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 4799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Parashar
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
New Class ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Aptamers are new class of recognizing agents which are being used in diagnostics and therapeutics. They are single strand DNA or RNA molecules and are selected against targets by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method. This method was developed in 1990 by Turk and Gold. These days high through put version of SELEX is being used for quick selection of aptamer, working on same principle that was developed in 1990. It is believed that in near future aptamers could replace monoclonal antibody. The biggest advantage of using aptamers is that the process is in vitro in nature and does not require the use of animals; further properties of aptamers are comparable or even better than antibodies. Aptamers based sensors can be used for detection of toxic chemicals, pathogens, antibiotics etc. Although they are in the preliminary stages of development, results are encouraging and it seems that aptamer research has a very bright future.

scholarly journals Using Aptamers for Cancer Biomarker Discovery

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Min Chang ◽  
Michael J. Donovan ◽  
Weihong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Method ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment

Aptamers are single-stranded synthetic DNA- or RNA-based oligonucleotides that fold into various shapes to bind to a specific target, which includes proteins, metals, and molecules. Aptamers have high affinity and high specificity that are comparable to that of antibodies. They are obtained using iterative method, called (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) SELEX and cell-based SELEX (cell-SELEX). Aptamers can be paired with recent advances in nanotechnology, microarray, microfluidics, and other technologies for applications in clinical medicine. One particular area that aptamers can shed a light on is biomarker discovery. Biomarkers are important in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this paper, we will describe ways in which aptamers can be used to discover biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.

scholarly journals The Potential Use of Aptamers in The Process of Drug Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tooba Gholikhani ◽  
Balam Jimenez Brito ◽  
Frey Livingston ◽  
Shalen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Synthetic Oligonucleotide ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment ◽  
Rational Process ◽  
Potential Use

Single-stranded nucleic acids can fold and create unique 3-dimensional structures when interacting with other molecules. The unique structure can achieve high specificity and affinity for the particular target. Synthetic oligonucleotide binding agents also known as aptamers are generated through the rational process of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX.) As this technology matures it shows increasing promise for use in the field of a therapeutic drug, drug discovery, development, and delivery, and this report seeks to detail how this technology may be applied.

scholarly journals Aptamers as Both Drugs and Drug-Carriers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment ◽  
Novel Drug

Aptamers are short nucleic acid oligos. They may serve as both drugs and drug-carriers. Their use as diagnostic tools is also evident. They can be generated using various experimental, theoretical, and computational techniques. The systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment which uses iterative screening of nucleic acid libraries is a popular experimental technique. Theory inspired methodology entropy-based seed-and-grow strategy that designs aptamer templates to bind specifically to targets is another one. Aptamers are predicted to be highly useful in producing general drugs and theranostic drugs occasionally for certain diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and so on. They bind to various targets like lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, small organic compounds, and even entire organisms. Aptamers may also serve as drug-carriers or nanoparticles helping drugs to get released in specific target regions. Due to better target specific physical binding properties aptamers cause less off-target toxicity effects. Therefore, search for aptamer based drugs, drug-carriers, and even diagnostic tools is expanding fast. The biophysical properties in relation to the target specific binding phenomena of aptamers, energetics behind the aptamer transport of drugs, and the consequent biological implications will be discussed. This review will open up avenues leading to novel drug discovery and drug delivery.

Aptamer-based Cell Recognition and Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyan Zheng ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
Liping Qiu ◽  
Weihong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Random Library ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy ◽  
Exponential Enrichment ◽  
High Chemical Stability

: Cells, regarded as the structural and functional units of organisms, have become one of the most important objects in many research areas. Specific recognition and detection of malignant cells are critical for disease diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Aptamers are short; single-stranded oligonucleotides screened from a random library by an in vitro technology termed “Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment” (SELEX) on the basis of their specific binding to target cargos. With the advantages of small size, easy synthesis, convenient modification, high chemical stability and low immunogenicity, aptamers have attracted broad attention in bioanalysis. Using intact living cells as the selection target, the cell-SELEX technology enables the generation of many aptamers that can specifically recognize molecular signatures of target cells. These aptamers have been extensively utilized in various cell-based research. In this mini-review, we focus on recent advances in aptamer-based recognition and detection of cells, particularly circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

Development of DNA Aptamers Against Plasmodium falciparum Blood Stages Using Cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-334
Author(s):  
Elena Lantero ◽  
Alexandros Belavilas-Trovas ◽  
Arnau Biosca ◽  
Paula Recolons ◽  
Ernest Moles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dna Aptamers ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment

New biomarkers have to be developed in order to increase the performance of current antigen-based malaria rapid diagnosis. Antibody production often involves the use of laboratory animals and is time-consuming and costly, especially when the target is Plasmodium, whose variable antigen expression complicates the development of long-lived biomarkers. To circumvent these obstacles, we have applied the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment method to the rapid identification of DNA aptamers against Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (pRBCs). Five 70 b-long ssDNA sequences, and their shorter forms without the flanking PCR primer-binding regions, have been identified having a highly specific binding of pRBCs versus non-infected erythrocytes. Structural analysis revealed G-enriched sequences compatible with the formation of G-quadruplexes. The selected aptamers recognized intracellular epitopes with apparent Kds in the μM range in both fixed and non-fixed saponin-permeabilized pRBCs, improving >30-fold the pRBC detection in comparison with aptamers raised against Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, the gold standard antigen for current malaria diagnostic tests. In thin blood smears of clinical samples the aptamers reported in this work specifically bound all P. falciparum stages versus non-infected erythrocytes, and also detected early and late stages of the human malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae. The results are discussed in the context of their potential application in future malaria diagnostic devices.

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