scholarly journals Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Neuroborreliosis and Neurosyphilis as Selected Spirochetal Neurological Diseases: A Review of Its Diagnostic Significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2927
Author(s):  
Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Chemokine Ligand

Neuroborreliosis (NB) and neurosyphilis (NS) are abnormal conditions caused by spirochetal bacteria which affect the nervous system. Diagnosis of neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis is determined by clinical examination of visible symptoms, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and serological detection of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Treponema pallidum, respectively. Establishing a diagnosis may sometimes pose a number of diagnostic difficulties. A potential role of chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) as an accurate diagnostic biomarker of intrathecal inflammation has been suggested. In this review, we focused on changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of chemokine ligand 13 in selected spirochetal neurological diseases neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis reported in the available literature. We performed an extensive search of the literature relevant to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. It has been proven that CXCL13 determination can provide rapid information regarding central nervous system inflammation in patients with selected spirochetosis. We described that neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis are associated with an elevated CXCL13 concentration, mainly in the cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, literature data suggest that CXCL13 determination is the most interesting additional marker for diagnosis and monitoring of neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis thanks to its high sensitivity. Based on these published findings, we suggest that CXCL13 has high diagnostic utility and may be applied in laboratory diagnostics as a potential diagnostic marker in human spirochetal neurologic diseases.

Diagnostic Significance of Methemoglobin Determination in Colorless Cerebrospinal Fluid

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1404-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Trbojević-Cepe ◽  
Z Vogrinc ◽  
V Brinar
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Soret Band ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhages ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

Abstract The presence of various heme derivatives can be demonstrated spectrophotometrically in colorless cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Because of the high sensitivity of the method, it may detect compounds that reflect a "traumatic tap" rather than a disease process. However, the presence of methemoglobin excludes the possibility of a hemorrhagic CSF being caused by traumatic lumbar puncture. Here we describe a highly sensitive spectrophotometric method involving measurement at the Soret band (400-420 nm) to detect methemoglobin (greater than or equal to 15%) in trace amounts of hemoglobin mixture (less than 0.3 mumol/L). We demonstrated methemoglobin in colorless CSF samples in 9% of 454 patients with cerebrovascular pathology and in 4% of 449 patients with other neurological diseases (n = 449). In a group of 21 patients with verified acute cerebral hematomas, methemoglobin was confirmed in 66% of colorless CSF samples after ultrafiltration. We conclude that routine spectrophotometric analysis of all CSF samples is very useful, allowing detection of xanthochromic compounds in patients with small cerebral and subdural hematomas as well as in those with minimal subarachnoid hemorrhages, hemorrhagic infarctions, or bleedings from aneurysms and neoplasms.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid lipidomic biomarker signatures of demyelination for multiple sclerosis and Guillain–Barré syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Péter ◽  
Wanda Török ◽  
Anna Petrovics-Balog ◽  
László Vígh ◽  
László Vécsei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) are demyelinating disorders affecting the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (PNS), respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is one of the most valuable sources of diagnostic biomarkers in neurological diseases. In the present study high sensitivity shotgun mass spectrometry was used to characterise the CSF lipidome of patients with MS, GBS and controls with non-demyelinating diseases. The quantification of 222 CSF lipid molecular species revealed characteristic changes in the absolute and relative lipid concentrations in MS and GBS compared to the controls. For the GBS group, the fourfold elevation in the total lipid content was a discriminatory and a newly identified feature of PNS demyelination. In contrast, in MS, the accumulation of the myelin-derived cerebrosides represented a specific feature of demyelination. As a common feature of demyelination, we identified upregulated levels of lipid metabolic intermediates. We found strong positive correlation between total protein content and lipid concentrations in both diseases. By exploring the CSF lipidome we demonstrate usefulness of broad-range shotgun lipidomic analysis as a fast and reliable method of biomarker discovery in patients with demyelinating neurological disorders that might be a valuable diagnostic complement to existing examinations.

Interleukin 6 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Meningitis is not a Useful Diagnostic Marker in the Differential Diagnosis of Meningitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
L F López-Cortés ◽  
M Cruz-Ruiz ◽  
J Gómez-Mateos ◽  
D Jiménez-Hernández ◽  
P Viciana-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Pyogenic Meningitis

We assayed interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients affected by meningitis of different aetiologies, and verified whether IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of meningitis. We used a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay to test 98 CSF samples classified as pyogenic (15), viral (15), self-resolving aseptic meningitis (20), other infectious meningitis (9), neoplastic (4) and normal CSF from patients with (20) and without (15) non-infectious neurological diseases. CSF IL-6 concentrations were increased in pyogenic meningitis (100%) and in more than 50% of viral and other subarachnoid space infections, and rarely in patients without central nervous system infections. Though patients affected by pyogenic meningitis showed the highest levels of CSF IL-6, only a cut-off point ≥10000 pg/mL was able to discriminate pyogenic meningitis from those of other aetiologies with a specificity ≥94% and a positive predictive value of ≥0·75 but the sensitivity was ≤60%. Therefore, CSF IL-6 concentration is not a good diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of meningitis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Neurological Manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Neeraj Balaini ◽  
Manish Modi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Viral Illness

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has taken the form of a pandemic. It mainly presents as fever, cough, shortness of breath involving respiratory system but neurological manifestations are increasingly being recognized worldwide and even virus RNA was demonstrated to be present in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient. SARS-CoV-2 involves both central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Virus can enter the neural tissue from hematological route or through retrograde transport from nerve endings. Physicians especially neurologists should be aware regarding neurological manifestations as patient can present with these conditions in emergency. We therefore reviewed the neurological diseases or complications associated with COIVID-19 in available literature.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in Six Dogs with Neurological Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Cecilia Gabriella DANCIU ◽  
Ciprian Andrei OBER ◽  
Cosmin PEȘTEAN ◽  
Marian TAULESCU ◽  
Cristina ȘTEFĂNUȚ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Central Nervous System Inflammation ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Neurological Pathology ◽  
Csf Findings

The aim of the study was to emphasize the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in dogs with neurological pathology and to support the clinical relevance of the CSF analysis in patients with neurological diseases. A total of six dogs with pleocytosis, from different breeds were included in this study. Cisternal tap was processed and CSF workup was done in all six. Elevated cell count, increased protein level and cytological findings like lymphocytic, monocytic and mixed pleocytosis were also observed. CSF cytological findings were consistent with inflammatory disorders. CSF analysis is a safe diagnostic tool for detecting central nervous system inflammation in our study, still not confirmatory based solely for definitive diagnosis.

scholarly journals Evidence of Oligoclonal Bands Does Not Exclude Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Katharina Pannewitz-Makaj ◽  
Ulrich Wurster ◽  
Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky ◽  
Stefan Gingele ◽  
Kurt-Wolfram Sühs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Immunoglobulin Synthesis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is an essential part of the diagnostic workup in various neurological disorders. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, as demonstrated by Reiber’s diagram or the more sensitive oligoclonal bands (OCB), are typical for neuroinflammatory diseases, and normally not expected in non-inflammatory neurological diseases. Therefore, patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases are often used in control groups in studies investigating autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. However, data about the frequency of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in non-inflammatory neurological disease are scarce. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) records of a total of 3622 patients were screened and 2114 patients included with presumably non-inflammatory neurological diseases like dementia, idiopathic peripheral neuropathy, motoneuron disease, stroke, and epileptic seizures. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis can be found with low frequency also in non-inflammatory neurological diseases. A much higher rate of patients showed intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis as demonstrated by OCB than by Reiber’s diagram. In patients with disorders of the peripheral nervous system the frequency of OCB was much lower than in patients presenting with central nervous system manifestations. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis should not automatically lead to exclusion of non-inflammatory neurological diseases but should rather prompt the way to investigate for the origin of the intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins in Neurosyphilis and HIV Infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Keir
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This paper briefly reviews the factors which influence the concentrations of proteins, particularly immunoglobulins, within the CSF and how antibodies which are locally synthesized within the central nervous system can be detected by the laboratory. The use of nitrocellulose immunoblotting for the identification of antibodies which are specific to Treponema pallidum and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 are discussed.

scholarly journals Neurological Diseases Associated to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Felipe Souza
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Immune Control ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Antibodies Monoclonal

The treatment for cancer has been more widespread and new therapies appear as alternatives in the area to contain the advance of the tumor, having with the immune mechanisms one of the main sources of research and study for a possible advance in the treatment. Checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal therapy, which act by blocking the PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 molecules, responsible for immune control. However, among the effects caused by therapy, the use of medications is associated with neurological diseases reported as an adverse effect. Neurological complications can affect both the central and the peripheral nervous system, reaching a variety of regions and being related to effects in several diseases. In clinical practice, the report in question shows how the adverse effects of using these therapies work, collaborating with evidence on the use or not of it. This bibliographic review, which used the PUBMED database with the words "antibodies", "monoclonal", "immune control", "checkpoints inhibitors", brings the main neurological diseases associated with therapy, as well as the incidence, symptoms and treatment. Methodology: The present review used as a means of obtaining information the PUBMED platform, in which it was looking for articles using the words "" antibodies "," monoclonal "," immune control "," checkpoints inhibitors ", in addition to fulfilling the year criteria between 2010 and 2020. The language and countries in which the data were obtained were not selected, so information from articles published in several countries was used.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Handling and Storage Conditions on Stability of Treponema pallidum DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Villanueva ◽  
R. P. Podzorski ◽  
M. P. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Storage

Treponema pallidum DNA from even small numbers of organisms was detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) stored at room temperature or at 4°C for several hours and in CSF subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles. These results suggest that negative PCR results forT. pallidum from patients diagnosed with T. pallidum invasion of the central nervous system are probably not due to the loss of target DNA prior to testing.

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