scholarly journals An Intact Cell Bioluminescence-Based Assay for the Simple and Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5015
Author(s):  
Sherwin Reyes ◽  
Nga Le ◽  
Mary Denneth Fuentes ◽  
Jonathan Upegui ◽  
Emre Dikici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Photobacterium Leiognathi ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Detection Window ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections, accounting for a substantial portion of outpatient hospital and clinic visits. Standard diagnosis of UTI by culture and sensitivity can take at least 48 h, and improper diagnosis can lead to an increase in antibiotic resistance following therapy. To address these shortcomings, rapid bioluminescence assays were developed and evaluated for the detection of UTI using intact, viable cells of Photobacterium mandapamensis USTCMS 1132 or previously lyophilized cells of Photobacterium leiognathi ATCC 33981™. Two platform technologies—tube bioluminescence extinction technology urine (TuBETUr) and cellphone-based UTI bioluminescence extinction technology (CUBET)—were developed and standardized using artificial urine to detect four commonly isolated UTI pathogens—namely, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Besides detection, these assays could also provide information regarding pathogen concentration/level, helping guide treatment decisions. These technologies were able to detect microbes associated with UTI at less than 105 CFU/mL, which is usually the lower cut-off limit for a positive UTI diagnosis. Among the 29 positive UTI samples yielding 105–106 CFU/mL pathogen concentrations, a total of 29 urine specimens were correctly detected by TuBETUr as UTI-positive based on an 1119 s detection window. Similarly, the rapid CUBET method was able to discriminate UTIs from normal samples with high confidence (p ≤ 0.0001), using single-pot conditions and cell phone-based monitoring. These technologies could potentially address the need for point-of-care UTI detection while reducing the possibility of antibiotic resistance associated with misdiagnosed cases of urinary tract infections, especially in low-resource environments.

scholarly journals Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Septicemia and Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Renal Stone Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Marianne Stærk ◽  
Sara A. Tolouee ◽  
Jens J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Haemophilus influenzae commonly causes upper respiratory tract infections and has only rarely been reported etiology of urinary tract infections. Since the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine, non-typable haemophilus species now cause the majority of invasive disease in Europe. Case Report: We report a case of an adult man with non-typable Haemophilus influenzae septicemia, urinary tract infection and bilateral renal stone disease. The patient presented with right sided flank pain and a CT scan showed bilateral renal stones and a right sided ureteral stone causing obstruction. Results and Discussion: Haemophilus influenzae was identified in blood and urine and despite a tendency of increasing antibiotic resistance among Haemophilus influenzae, our strain was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Treatment consisted of 3 days of intravenous cefuroxime, insertion of a right sided JJ ureteric stent and 5 days of peroral ciprofloxacin after discharge. Physicians and microbiologists should be aware of Haemophilus influenzae as a possible urinary tract pathogen, especially when urinary tract abnormalities are present, and take the risk of antibiotic resistance into consideration at initial treatment.

scholarly journals Per Urethral Catheterisation: Microbial Growth Incidence and its Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
P. Kothiyal ◽  
P. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

The urinary tract is the most common site of nosocomial infections accounting for more than 40% of the total number reported by acute care hospitals and affecting approximately 600,000 patients per year. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) defines in terms of “bacteriuria” and “urinary tract infection” frequently. Bacteriuria or funguria levels >103 colony- forming units (CFU) have been shown to be highly predictive of CAUTI, given that these levels increase to 105 CFU within 24 to 48 hours. In Indian population, catheterassociated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting all age groups. Biofilm is the predominant mode of growth in aquatic ecosystems and, as such, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI). The present review focuses to evaluate the incidence and pattern of microbes in catheter associated urinary tract infection and provides information about the etiology of CAUTI. Most of the studies concluded that gram negative pathogen E.coli showed the highest incidence rate and other pathogens like Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus species also having the incidence rate in the patient having CAUTI. The antibiotic resistance pattern showed the variation in resistance and sensitivity of antibiotics against the pathogens. The present study focuses on the incidence of the microbial growth in patient having catheterization and also elucidates the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. It is necessary to determine the antibiotic resistance and sensitivity status during and after the catheterization.

scholarly journals Improving medical standards of care to children of an early and preschool age with urinary tract infections at the primary care stage

KIDNEYS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
V.V. Bezruk ◽  
D.D. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Tract Infections

Timely diagnosis, prognostic value of clinical signs and further treatment of patients of an early age with urinary tract infections (UTI) during outpatient stage are important constituents of an integrated management of patients in childhood. The article deals with new approaches concerning clinical algorithm in diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children. The algorithm of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for providing care to children under 5 years of age with urinary tract infections, in particular at the stage of primary care, includes: diagnosis of urinary tract infection in young children using The Diagnosis of Urinary Tract infection in Young children, patient’s examination by Gorelick Scale and UTIcalc, imaging methods with mandatory ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder, micturating cystogram after the first episode of infection in boys and the second — in girls, the prescription of antibiotic therapy based on data from regional monitoring of antibiotic resistance of the main groups of uropathogens, monitoring antibiotic resistance using electronic means and the implementation in microbiological laboratories of the guidelines of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, as well as introduction of the prescription sale of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is associated with antibiotic resistance and urinary tract infection symptomatology

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11726
Author(s):  
Verónica I. Martínez-Santos ◽  
María Ruíz-Rosas ◽  
Arturo Ramirez- Peralta ◽  
Oscar Zaragoza García ◽  
Luis Armando Resendiz-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the causative agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in ambulatory patients. However, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), an emergent bacterial pathogen that causes persistent diarrhoea, has recently been associated with UTIs. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of EAEC virulence genes, antibiotic resistance, as well as biofilm production of UPEC isolates obtained from ambulatory patients with non-complicated UTIs that attended to the ISSSTE clinic in Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, and correlate these with the patients’ urinary tract infection symptomatology. Methods One hundred clinical isolates were obtained. The identification of clinical isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production were performed using the Vitek automated system. Assignment of E. coli phylogenetic groups was performed using the quadruplex phylo-group assignment PCR assay. UPEC virulence genes (hlyA, fimH, papC, iutA, and cnf1) and EAEC virulence genes (aap, aggR, and aatA) were detected by multiple PCR. Results We found that 22% of the isolates carried the aggR gene and were classified as UPEC/EAEC. The main phylogenetic group was B2 (44.1% were UPEC and 77.27% UPEC/EAEC isolates, respectively). Over half of the UPEC/EAEC isolates (63.64%) were obtained from symptomatic patients, however the aatA gene was the only one found to be associated with the risk of developing pyelonephritis (OR = 5.15, p = 0.038). A total of 77.71% of the UPEC/EAEC isolates were ESBL producers and 90.91% multidrug-resistant (MDR). In conclusion, UPEC/EAEC isolates are more frequent in symptomatic patients and the aatA gene was associated with a higher risk of developing pyelonephritis, along with UPEC genes hlyA and cfn1. UPEC/EAEC isolates obtained from UTI showed ESBL production and MDR.

scholarly journals Culture sensitivity and antibiotic profile in urinary tract infection in children between 1-15 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Ganie ◽  
Mohsin Rashid ◽  
Syed Muneeb Mohammad ◽  
Riyaz Ahmad Malik ◽  
Mohd Rafiq Lone
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Culture Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The aim was to study the antibiotic resistance in children with urinary tract infection and to observe any difference between antibiotic resistance rates.Methods: It was a prospective study carried out in SKIMS Medical College Hospital, Srinagar over a period of two years from January 2017 to January 2019. The study included 210 children between 1 year and 15 years who had presented with complaints of urinary tract infection and whose urine cultures were positive for the growth of an organism. These children were analyzed in order to find the frequency of organisms grown on culture, sensitivity of organisms isolated on culture and the rates of developed resistance to the antibiotics.Results: A total of 210 patients aged were included in the study, encompassing 66 (31.4) males and 144 (68.6%) females. Out of 144 female children 108 were under 6years of age while as out of 66 male children 48 were under 6years of age. As per the growth on urine culture,  the commonest organism that grew on culture were Escherichia coli (E. coli) was observed in 156 (74.3%), enterococcus in 18 (8.57%), Proteus mirabilis in 11 (5.2%), Acinetobacter spp. in 7 (3.3%), Pseudomonas spp. 5 (2.4%), Staphylococcus aureus in 4 (1.9%), Morganella spp. in 3 (1.4%) patients. Authors found imipenem, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin as the most effective antibiotics for urinary tract infections in pediatric age group.Conclusions: From this study, they concluded that parenteral antibiotics to be started empirically for the treatment of UTIs in all pediatric age groups are  aminoglycosides. In contrast for outpatient management of urinary tract infections, our results suggest that nitrofurantoin should be used for children aged beyond 1 year of age due to the low rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin in patients aged over 1 year.

scholarly journals Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection byEscherichia coliin the Era of Antibiotic Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sup Lee ◽  
Seung-Ju Lee ◽  
Hyun-Sop Choe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused byEscherichia coli (E. coli)are the most common types of infections in women. The antibiotic resistance ofE. coliis increasing rapidly, causing physicians to hesitate when selecting oral antibiotics. In this review, our objective is to ensure that clinicians understand the current seriousness of antibiotic-resistantE. coli, the mechanisms by which resistance is selected for, and methods that can be used to prevent antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility testing in less than 30 min using direct single-cell imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. 9170-9175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özden Baltekin ◽  
Alexis Boucharin ◽  
Eva Tano ◽  
Dan I. Andersson ◽  
Johan Elf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tract Infections

The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are aggravated by incorrect prescription and use of antibiotics. A core problem is that there is no sufficiently fast diagnostic test to guide correct antibiotic prescription at the point of care. Here, we investigate if it is possible to develop a point-of-care susceptibility test for urinary tract infection, a disease that 100 million women suffer from annually and that exhibits widespread antibiotic resistance. We capture bacterial cells directly from samples with low bacterial counts (104 cfu/mL) using a custom-designed microfluidic chip and monitor their individual growth rates using microscopy. By averaging the growth rate response to an antibiotic over many individual cells, we can push the detection time to the biological response time of the bacteria. We find that it is possible to detect changes in growth rate in response to each of nine antibiotics that are used to treat urinary tract infections in minutes. In a test of 49 clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates, all were correctly classified as susceptible or resistant to ciprofloxacin in less than 10 min. The total time for antibiotic susceptibility testing, from loading of sample to diagnostic readout, is less than 30 min, which allows the development of a point-of-care test that can guide correct treatment of urinary tract infection.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection in Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 052-059
Author(s):  
Oguntunnbi Damilola Esther ◽  
Oyekale Oluwalana Timothy ◽  
Ojo Bola Oluwatosin ◽  
Adegbile Samsudeen Adeniran
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Tract Infections

The problem of antibiotic resistance remains a major concern among the patients and health care provider. This study was carried out therefore to determine the antibiotics resistance susceptibility pattern bacteria with urinary tract infections among patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti. A total of 200 patients suspected of having a UTI were recruited for the study. The urine samples were cultured on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient Agar (CLED) and the colonies were identified using colonial morphology and biochemical test. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion techniques. Out of 200 urine samples analysed 82 (41.0%) yielded significant bacteria growth belonging to 4 different genera with Escherichia coli having the highest isolation rate 42 (81.2%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16 (19.5%), Staphylococcus aureus 14 (17.0%) and Klebsiella aerogenes 10 (12.1%). Female patients had the highest isolation rate of 48 (58.5%) compare to their male counterpart with 34 (41.5%) isolation rate. Age group 31-40yrs had the highest isolation, rate of 20 (24.4%). The antibiotic resistance pattern exhibited by all the bacteria ranged from 14.3% to 90.5%. Gentamicin exhibited the least resistance rate. However, antibiotics resistance is frightening; therefore, there is a need for antibiogram before prescription of antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Patients Referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital of Gerash City in 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Rezaee ◽  
Seyed Adnan Kashfi ◽  
Parisa Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Aims: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common human infections seen in all age groups and both sexes. Inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat urinary tract infection causes the resistance of the pathogens to the drug. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and antibiotic resistance patterns in patients with urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: Samples were cultured on Blood Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue. Colonieschr('39') growth was identified by biochemical tests and standard microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity tests, which were performed with the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2016 Standard. Results and Conclusion: The isolated bacteria showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem (89.66%) and meropenem (87.21%) and the highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole (50.00%) and nalidixic acid (44.09%). So, using imipenem is recommended as the most effective antibiotic for the treatment of infection.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections in obstetrics and gynecology: current issues of diagnosis and antibiotic therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Khusnutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases in women and often complicate the course of pregnancy. This article reviews current scientific and methodical literature on the management of pregnant women with urinary tract infection. Aspects of clinical importance of urinary tract infections during pregnancy (epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and complications) are discussed, with current recommendations for diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections summarized. Special attention is paid to the problem of antibiotic resistance of urinary tract infection pathogens.

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