Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection in Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti

The problem of antibiotic resistance remains a major concern among the patients and health care provider. This study was carried out therefore to determine the antibiotics resistance susceptibility pattern bacteria with urinary tract infections among patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti. A total of 200 patients suspected of having a UTI were recruited for the study. The urine samples were cultured on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient Agar (CLED) and the colonies were identified using colonial morphology and biochemical test. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion techniques. Out of 200 urine samples analysed 82 (41.0%) yielded significant bacteria growth belonging to 4 different genera with Escherichia coli having the highest isolation rate 42 (81.2%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16 (19.5%), Staphylococcus aureus 14 (17.0%) and Klebsiella aerogenes 10 (12.1%). Female patients had the highest isolation rate of 48 (58.5%) compare to their male counterpart with 34 (41.5%) isolation rate. Age group 31-40yrs had the highest isolation, rate of 20 (24.4%). The antibiotic resistance pattern exhibited by all the bacteria ranged from 14.3% to 90.5%. Gentamicin exhibited the least resistance rate. However, antibiotics resistance is frightening; therefore, there is a need for antibiogram before prescription of antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

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Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from urine samples of admitted patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Tripura, India: a hospital record based study

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 585

Author(s):

Uttam K. Das ◽

Prithul Bhattacharjee ◽

Shubhaleena Debnath ◽

Maitrayee Chakraborty ◽

Ranjib Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Hospital Record ◽

E Coli ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) being one of the most common and a serious health problem both in the community and hospital settings each year worldwide, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the management of UTI is a serious public health issue. The present study will analyse the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of pathogens isolated from the urine samples of admitted patients suffering from UTI in Tripura Medical College and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Teaching Hospital (TMC).Methods: This was a hospital record-based study. The urine samples of clinically diagnosed UTI patients admitted in various departments of the hospital during the study period were included. The reports of culture and sensitivity testing of the samples were collected. The results were interpreted according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: During the 12-month study period, a total of 752 urine samples were analysed. Enterococcus (43.75%) was the most frequently isolated bacteria, followed by E. coli (28.45%) and Klebsiella (14.89%). Enterococcus was highly sensitive (p<0.001) to vancomycin (95.33%), E. coli was mostly sensitive to nitrofurantoin (83.65%) and Klebsiella mainly sensitive to imipenem (75.49%).Conclusions: The study showed that positive urine culture with the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates is very important for antimicrobial therapy, as antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem which causes ineffectiveness of treatment.

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Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Septicemia and Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Renal Stone Disease

The Open Microbiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874285801812010243 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 243-247

Author(s):

Marianne Stærk ◽

Sara A. Tolouee ◽

Jens J. Christensen

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Renal Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Renal Stone Disease ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Haemophilus influenzae commonly causes upper respiratory tract infections and has only rarely been reported etiology of urinary tract infections. Since the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine, non-typable haemophilus species now cause the majority of invasive disease in Europe. Case Report: We report a case of an adult man with non-typable Haemophilus influenzae septicemia, urinary tract infection and bilateral renal stone disease. The patient presented with right sided flank pain and a CT scan showed bilateral renal stones and a right sided ureteral stone causing obstruction. Results and Discussion: Haemophilus influenzae was identified in blood and urine and despite a tendency of increasing antibiotic resistance among Haemophilus influenzae, our strain was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Treatment consisted of 3 days of intravenous cefuroxime, insertion of a right sided JJ ureteric stent and 5 days of peroral ciprofloxacin after discharge. Physicians and microbiologists should be aware of Haemophilus influenzae as a possible urinary tract pathogen, especially when urinary tract abnormalities are present, and take the risk of antibiotic resistance into consideration at initial treatment.

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Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern to Urinary Pathogens in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital , Duwakot

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v2i1.17290 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 134-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Binita Pradhan ◽

SB Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Urine Culture ◽

College Teaching ◽

Pathogenic Microorganism ◽

Medical College ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Tract Infections

IntroductionIn developing countries, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases among the patient seeking medical service and being treated with empirical antibiotics which causes resistance.ObjectiveTo find out the prevalence of urinary tract infection and sensitivity pattern of antibiotics among bacterial pathogens isolated in patients attending Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot.MethodologyAll the patients with the clinical suspicion of UTI were sent for urine culture. Prevalence of UTI and urinary pathogens isolated with antimicrobial profile was correlated.ResultA total number of 1735 clinically suspected as UTI cases were sent for urine culture sensitivity. Total culture positive were 239 (13.8%). The majority of isolates were from female patients comprising 180 (75%). The most common pathogenic microorganism isolated was E.coli (79.1%). Second most common organism was Klebsiella (11.7%) followed by Citrobacter (3.34%) and Proteus (2.92%). The isolated microorganism showed maximum number of sensitivity with the antibiotics Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The isolated microorganism demonstrated resistance with Nalidixic Acid and Co-Trimoxazole. ConclusionUrinary tract infection is a commonly encountered case in general practice. Females are commonly affected than men. The microbiological profile and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern while initiating empirical treatment must be taken into account while planning for the management. Regular supervision of the sensitivity pattern of pathogenic microorganism is mandatory for effective treatment.Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 134-137

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Evaluation of BacterioScan 216Dx in Comparison to Urinalysis as a Screening Tool for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00571-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Ferdaus Hassan ◽

Heather Bushnell ◽

Connie Taggart ◽

Caitlin Gibbs ◽

Steve Hiraki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Tract Infections

ABSTRACTUrinalysis (UA) has routinely been used as a screening tool prior to urine culture set up. BacterioScan 216Dx is an FDA-cleared semiautomated system to detect bacterial growth in urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate 216Dx in comparison to UA for diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Clean-catch, unpreserved urine samples from children aged <18 years were tested by 216Dx, and positive urine samples in media were processed for direct bacterial identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Sensitivity and specificity of 216Dx and urinalysis (UA) were determined against urine culture. Of 287 urine samples obtained from children (median age, 108 months), 44.0% and 56.0% were UA positive and negative, respectively, while 216Dx detected 27% and 73% as positive and negative, respectively. Compared to culture, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 216Dx versus UA were 92.1% versus 97.3%, 82.7% versus 63.8%, 44.8% versus 29.1%, and 98.6% versus 99.3%, respectively. Among 216Dx true-positive (TP) samples (n= 35), 77.0% were successfully identified directly from broth by MALDI-TOF. Among urine samples that were identified as contaminated by culture (n= 127; 44%), the 216Dx detected 93 (73.0%) as negative while UA detected 69 (54.0%) as negative. Although the sensitivities of 216Dx and UA are comparable, the specificity of 216Dx was higher than that of UA. The 216Dx can be used as an alternative/adjunct screening tool to UA to rule out urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Compared to culture, the faster turnaround time (3 hours) of 216Dx has the potential to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use and improve patient management.

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An Intact Cell Bioluminescence-Based Assay for the Simple and Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21145015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 5015

Author(s):

Sherwin Reyes ◽

Nga Le ◽

Mary Denneth Fuentes ◽

Jonathan Upegui ◽

Emre Dikici ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Intact Cell ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Photobacterium Leiognathi ◽

Artificial Urine ◽

Detection Window ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections, accounting for a substantial portion of outpatient hospital and clinic visits. Standard diagnosis of UTI by culture and sensitivity can take at least 48 h, and improper diagnosis can lead to an increase in antibiotic resistance following therapy. To address these shortcomings, rapid bioluminescence assays were developed and evaluated for the detection of UTI using intact, viable cells of Photobacterium mandapamensis USTCMS 1132 or previously lyophilized cells of Photobacterium leiognathi ATCC 33981™. Two platform technologies—tube bioluminescence extinction technology urine (TuBETUr) and cellphone-based UTI bioluminescence extinction technology (CUBET)—were developed and standardized using artificial urine to detect four commonly isolated UTI pathogens—namely, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Besides detection, these assays could also provide information regarding pathogen concentration/level, helping guide treatment decisions. These technologies were able to detect microbes associated with UTI at less than 105 CFU/mL, which is usually the lower cut-off limit for a positive UTI diagnosis. Among the 29 positive UTI samples yielding 105–106 CFU/mL pathogen concentrations, a total of 29 urine specimens were correctly detected by TuBETUr as UTI-positive based on an 1119 s detection window. Similarly, the rapid CUBET method was able to discriminate UTIs from normal samples with high confidence (p ≤ 0.0001), using single-pot conditions and cell phone-based monitoring. These technologies could potentially address the need for point-of-care UTI detection while reducing the possibility of antibiotic resistance associated with misdiagnosed cases of urinary tract infections, especially in low-resource environments.

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Per Urethral Catheterisation: Microbial Growth Incidence and its Management

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research ◽

10.30750/ijpbr.2.3.16 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (03) ◽

pp. 105-111

Author(s):

M. Singh ◽

P. Kothiyal ◽

P. Mathur

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Tract Infections

The urinary tract is the most common site of nosocomial infections accounting for more than 40% of the total number reported by acute care hospitals and affecting approximately 600,000 patients per year. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) defines in terms of “bacteriuria” and “urinary tract infection” frequently. Bacteriuria or funguria levels >103 colony- forming units (CFU) have been shown to be highly predictive of CAUTI, given that these levels increase to 105 CFU within 24 to 48 hours. In Indian population, catheterassociated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting all age groups. Biofilm is the predominant mode of growth in aquatic ecosystems and, as such, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI). The present review focuses to evaluate the incidence and pattern of microbes in catheter associated urinary tract infection and provides information about the etiology of CAUTI. Most of the studies concluded that gram negative pathogen E.coli showed the highest incidence rate and other pathogens like Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus species also having the incidence rate in the patient having CAUTI. The antibiotic resistance pattern showed the variation in resistance and sensitivity of antibiotics against the pathogens. The present study focuses on the incidence of the microbial growth in patient having catheterization and also elucidates the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. It is necessary to determine the antibiotic resistance and sensitivity status during and after the catheterization.

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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection in Morocco

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.720701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Kettani Halabi ◽

Fatima Azzahra Lahlou ◽

Idrissa Diawara ◽

Younes El Adouzi ◽

Rabiaa Marnaoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Extended Spectrum

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) lend resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics. Because of limited treatment options, ESBL-EC infections are generally more difficult to treat, leading to higher hospital costs, reduced rates of microbiological and clinical responses, and a threat to the patient’s life. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBL-EC isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Morocco. This retrospective laboratory-based study was conducted at Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Casablanca, from January 2016 to June 2019. A total of 670 urine samples were collected from urinary tract infection patients and processed by standard microbiological methods. In vitro susceptibility testing to different antibiotics of all identified isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was performed following Kirby–Bauer’s disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton Agar according to the EUCAST standards. The reviewing of ESBL-EC was confirmed by the appearance of a characteristically shaped zone referred to as a “champagne cork” using the Combined Disk Test. Among a total of 438 E. coli isolated from nonrepetitive urine samples, two hundred fifty-nine (59%) were ESBL-EC, of which 200 (77%) were isolated from adult patients (over the age of 50) and the majority were female. All ESBL-EC isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporin and quinolones and sensitive to carbapenem and fosfomycin. Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns in ESBL-EC, the major pathogen associated with urinary tract infection, is indispensable as a guide in choosing empirical antimicrobial treatment.

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Isolation of Staphylococcus xylosus from Urinary Tract Infection in Al-Diwaniya City, Iraq

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 760-764

Author(s):

Ahmed Ali Obaid ◽

Akhlaas Shaker Lateef ◽

Lina Abdulkadhim Oudah ◽

Qusay Jabbar Harjan ◽

Zinah Abdulkadhim Oudah

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Young Women ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Isolation Rate ◽

High Affinity ◽

Clinical Stages ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Immunocompetent Patients

One hundred diuresis samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection from Al-Diwaniyah General Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah city for the period from January 1, 2019, to August 1, 2019, as 35 isolates belonging to the sex of streptococcus were isolated and with an isolation rate of 35% of the total 100 diuresis samples, The yield of 20 isolates to the negative staphylococcus aureus was tested for cocaine, and 5 isolates were of type S. xylosus, with an isolation rate of 25% of the total negative staphylococci for testing cocaine, and by 5% of the total of the reagent samples. These biochemical bacteria were diagnosed using the API Staph system. The clinical stages of the infection are in the subacute or chronic phase without clear symptoms. Streptococcus unproductive streptococcus resistant and anti-life antibody novobiocin, especially S. saprophyticus, are most common in urinary tract infections in immunocompetent patients, and mild infection in women is accompanied by dysuria. Young women between the ages of 16-16 years old to 42%. It affects the ureter in men. It can cause cystitis, pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis. This group possesses a high affinity to epithelial cells, and this comes from the participation of different proteins such as a 160-Kd protein with Hemagglutinin and Fibriller protein, and it is symbolized by 95-Kd, which is found in 98% of clinical isolates.

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chromolaena odorata Extract against Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Ondo State, Nigeria

International Journal of Pathogen Research ◽

10.9734/ijpr/2018/v1i21213 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Anthony Okhonlaye Ojokoh ◽

Olumide Mogaji ◽

Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Candida Sp ◽

Ondo State ◽

Tract Infections

Aim: This study is designed to isolate and identify the microorganisms associated with urinary tract infection in infected patients, determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern on the microbial isolates and the antimicrobial efficacy of solvents leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on the resistant isolates. Methodology: Six hundred (600) mid-stream urine samples were collected from infected patients in some selected hospitals in Ondo State. The phytochemical screening of the plant was determined. The antibiotics sensitivity and antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was determined using plate assay and agar well diffusion methods. Results: Out of 600 urine samples analyzed, 472 (78.68%) showed significant growth of uropathogens comprising 197 (32.80%) male and 275 (45.83%) female. The isolated microorganisms comprise 5 Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), 9 Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and 4 Candida sp. GNB account for 284(58.79%), GPB 158(32.71%) and Candida sp 41(8.48%). Escherichia coli showed high prevalence 90(18.63%) while Klebsiella ozaenae showed the least 11(2.27%). The phytochemical constituents of C. odorata extracts contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpernoids and bacterial isolates showed resistant to all the antibiotics. Pseudomonas mendocina and P. putida showed the least resistant to C. odorata extracts. The MIC of the leaf extracts ranged from 5.0 mg/ml to 50.0 mg/ml. The methanol extract had the highest antimicrobial activity than n-hexane and chloroform extracts on the uropathogens. Conclusion: The high therapeutic potentials of C. odorata extract against the uropathogens could be used as alternative phytotherapy in herbal medicine to the commercial antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

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Improving medical standards of care to children of an early and preschool age with urinary tract infections at the primary care stage

KIDNEYS ◽

10.22141/2307-1257.10.4.2021.247894 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 196-200

Author(s):

V.V. Bezruk ◽

D.D. Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Young Children ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Standards Of Care ◽

Tract Infections

Timely diagnosis, prognostic value of clinical signs and further treatment of patients of an early age with urinary tract infections (UTI) during outpatient stage are important constituents of an integrated management of patients in childhood. The article deals with new approaches concerning clinical algorithm in diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children. The algorithm of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for providing care to children under 5 years of age with urinary tract infections, in particular at the stage of primary care, includes: diagnosis of urinary tract infection in young children using The Diagnosis of Urinary Tract infection in Young children, patient’s examination by Gorelick Scale and UTIcalc, imaging methods with mandatory ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder, micturating cystogram after the first episode of infection in boys and the second — in girls, the prescription of antibiotic therapy based on data from regional monitoring of antibiotic resistance of the main groups of uropathogens, monitoring antibiotic resistance using electronic means and the implementation in microbiological laboratories of the guidelines of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, as well as introduction of the prescription sale of antibiotics.

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