scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers and Their Application in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of the Most Common Oral Pathologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez ◽  
Victor J. Costela-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno ◽  
Concepción Ruiz ◽  
Rebeca Illescas-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
New Biomarkers

Saliva is a highly versatile biological fluid that is easy to gather in a non-invasive manner—and the results of its analysis complement clinical and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of multiple diseases. The objective of this review was to offer an update on the contribution of salivary biomarkers to the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases of the oral cavity, including oral lichen planus, periodontitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, oral leukoplakia, peri-implantitis, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Salivary biomarkers such as interleukins, growth factors, enzymes, and other biomolecules have proven useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of these diseases, facilitating the early evaluation of malignization risk and the monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. However, further studies are required to identify new biomarkers and verify their reported role in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of oral diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of miR-107 in Prostate Cancer: A Review and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizbeth Alvarez-Sanchez ◽  
Oscar Rojas Espinosa ◽  
Julio César Torres-Romero ◽  
Ereth Ameyatzin Robles Chávez ◽  
Edgar Estrella-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
New Biomarkers

Over the past two decades, several research groups have focused on the functioning of microRNAs (miRNAs), because many of them function as positive or negative endogenous regulators of processes that alter during the development of cancer. Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men. New biomarkers are needed to support the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Although it is necessary to deepen the research on this molecule to explore its potential utility in the diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis of cancer, our results support a role of miR-107 in the signaling cascades that allow cancer progression, and as shown here, in the progression of Prostate Cancer (PCa). These findings strongly suggest that miR-107 may be a potential circulating biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Peran biomarker saliva dalam deteksi penyakit mulut menggunakan nanoteknologi sebagai metode yang menjanjikanRole of salivary biomarkers in the detection of oral diseases using nanotechnology as a promising method

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dewi Zakiawati ◽  
Irna Sufiawati
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Threatening Condition

Pendahuluan: Saliva merupakan zat kaya biomarker yang sering digunakan sebagai indikator kesehatan tubuh. Saliva menunjukkan keadaan infeksi, status hormonal, imunologi, nutrisi, metabolisme, bahkan keganasan. Saat ini perkembangan alat diagnostik mengarah pada nanoteknologi, yang populer karena menawarkan prosedur non-invasif, akurat, dan efisien. Evaluasi terhadap deteksi penyakit mulut menggunakan saliva sebagai biomarker, khususnya yang menggunakan teknologi nano perlu dilakukan guna mengetahui sejauh mana metode tersebut membantu dalam ketepatan diagnosis penyakit mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas peran biomarker saliva dalam mendeteksi penyakit mulut dengan metode nanoteknologi. Metode: Jenis penelitian systematic review. Pencarian research gap menggunakan strategi PICO. PubMed database digunakan untuk pencarian artikel penelitian, dan kata kunci yang digunakan berdasarkan MeSH. Pelaporan hasil riset systematic review menggunakan panduan PRISMA. Penilaian kualitas artikel dianalisis menggunakan QUADAS. Hasil: Deteksi penyakit mulut menggunakan biomarker saliva merupakan alternatif metode non-invasif, selain itu, dengan teknologi nano memperlihatkan hasil yang akurat dalam waktu singkat. Penyakit gigi dan mulut, baik kelainan genetik maupun patogenik, bersifat lokal maupun sistemik, dapat berkembang menjadi kelainan yang mengancam jiwa. Kondisi ini membutuhkan investigasi yang cepat, salah satu caranya adalah dengan mengoptimalkan peran pemeriksaan biomarker saliva menggunakan nanoteknologi. Simpulan: Penerapan nanoteknologi menggunakan biomarker saliva merupakan pilihan metode yang menjanjikan sebagai alat diagnostik baik di riset maupun klinis, khususnya dalam deteksi penyakit mulut.Kata kunci: Alat diagnostik, biomarker, nanoteknologi, penyakit mulut, saliva. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Saliva is a biomarker-rich substance often used as a health indicator of the human body. Saliva shows the state of infection, hormonal status, immunology, nutrition, metabolism, even malignancy. Currently, the development of diagnostic tools leads to nanotechnology, which is popular due to the non-invasive, accurate, and efficient procedures. Evaluation of the detection of oral diseases using saliva as a biomarker, especially those using nanotechnology, needs to be done to determine how this method helps in the accuracy of the diagnosis of oral diseases. This study was aimed to discuss the role of salivary biomarkers in the detection of oral diseases using nanotechnology methods. Methods: type of research is systematic review. Exploration for research gaps were using the PICO strategy, research articles were collected from Pubmed database, and keywords were determined based on MeSH. The results were reported using the PRISMA guidelines, and the quality of the articles was analysed using QUADAS. Results: Detection of oral diseases using salivary biomarkers was an alternative non-invasive method. Additionally, along with nanotechnology enable to show accurate results in a short time. Oral diseases, both genetic and pathogenic, occur locally or systemically and can develop into a life-threatening condition. This situation requires rapid investigation; one of the ways is by optimising the role of salivary biomarker assessment using nanotechnology. Conclusion: The application of nanotechnology using salivary biomarkers is a promising method option as a diagnostic tool in both research and clinical utility, especially in the detection of oral diseases. Keywords: Diagnostic tools, biomarker, nanotechnology, oral disease, saliva.

scholarly journals Stage 3 Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): successful conservative treatment with ozone therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e44591211212
Author(s):  
Livia Bonjardim Lima ◽  
Luiz Fernando Barbosa de Paulo ◽  
Cláudia Jordão Silva ◽  
Letícia de Souza Castro Filice ◽  
Gabriella Lopes de Rezende Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Injured Area ◽  
Cardiac Illness ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
And Migration

Background: The medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws is an uncommon severe complication following utilization of certain drugs, but its occurrence has great impact on the patient’s quality of life. Various treatment modalities are used to manage the lesions, including conservative and surgical procedures. Ozone (O3) therapy emerges as an alternative of non-invasive therapy that can benefit the affected patient without surgical risks, due to the potential of stimulate the activation and migration of fibroblasts in an injured area. Case presentation: This article reports the conservative treatment of a maxillary stage 3 medication-related osteonecrosis, in a partial edentulous patient previously treated with intravenous bisphosphonate for multiple myeloma, who had previous cardiac illness. Conclusion: The stage 3 medication-related osteonecrosis was successfully treated with ozone (O3) gas injection and irrigation with ozonated water, with full coverage of the bone and no suppuration or pain at the end of the treatment. No recurrence was seen after twelve months of follow-up.

scholarly journals Fundus Autofluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Behçets Disease

2018 ◽  
pp. 338-342
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Behçet s disease is an idiopathic, chronic, multisystemic inflammatory disease with a relapsing-remitting course. Ocular findings are observed in 60-90% of patients and in 50-93% of those, attacks of disease with posterior segment involvement related to retinal damage and visual loss are observed. Although fundus fluorescein angiography is considered as the gold standard method for differential diagnosis of Behçets uveitis and retinal vasculitis, optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence, which are non-invasive imaging methods, are gaining importance for the follow up of disease activity and response to treatment.

scholarly journals Saliva and Oral Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Martina ◽  
Anna Campanati ◽  
Federico Diotallevi ◽  
Annamaria Offidani
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
New Era ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Saliva is a fascinating biological fluid which has all the features of a perfect diagnostic tool. In fact, its collection is rapid, simple, and noninvasive. Thanks to several transport mechanisms and its intimate contact with crevicular fluid, saliva contains hundreds of proteins deriving from plasma. Advances in analytical techniques have opened a new era—called “salivaomics”—that investigates the salivary proteome, transcriptome, microRNAs, metabolome, and microbiome. In recent years, researchers have tried to find salivary biomarkers for oral and systemic diseases with various protocols and technologies. The review aspires to provide an overall perspective of salivary biomarkers concerning oral diseases such as lichen planus, oral cancer, blistering diseases, and psoriasis. Saliva has proved to be a promising substrate for the early detection of oral diseases and the evaluation of therapeutic response. However, the wide variation in sampling, processing, and measuring of salivary elements still represents a limit for the application in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Serum a proliferation-inducing ligand and MicroRNA-223 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis: diagnostic and prognostic implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Taha ◽  
Olfat Gamil Shaker ◽  
Enas Abdelsalam ◽  
Noha Taha
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Egyptian Patients ◽  
New Biomarkers

Abstract Background Current blood-based tests for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have inherent limitations, necessitating the need for additional new biomarkers for its diagnosis and monitoring disease activity and responsiveness to therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are deregulated in RA and were linked to its pathogenesis. This study investigated serum levels of APRIL, miR-223 and miR-155 in RA patients, their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and their correlation with disease activity and clinicopathological data. Methods One hundred and twenty Egyptian patients with RA and 130 healthy controls were included. Serum miRNAs and APRIL were assayed by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Results Serum APRIL and miR-223 were significantly upregulated, while miR-155 was unchanged in RA patients compared to controls. Serum miR-223 discriminated RA patients from controls with AUC = 0.85, whereas serum APRIL superiorly distinguished the two groups with AUC = 1 (sensitivity and specificity = 100% at cutoff> 4.19 ng/ml) by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis. Serum miR-223 was a significant predictor for RA diagnosis in multivariate logistic regression analysis. In RA group, serum APRIL was positively correlated with disease activity score (DAS28-CRP). Serum miR-223 expression was positively correlated with serum miR-155, APRIL levels and with the presence of subcutaneous nodules. Serum miR-155 levels were correlated with antinuclear antibody titer in reverse direction. Conclusion Our results suggest serum APRIL and miR-223 could serve as potential biomarkers of RA, with miR-223 as a predictor of RA risk and APRIL as an excellent biomarker of disease activity. Our data could be implicated for accurate and blood-based non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of RA.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Nijakowski ◽  
Anna Surdacka
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Saliva as a biological fluid has a remarkable potential in the non-invasive diagnostics of several systemic disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Are salivary biomarkers reliable for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eleven studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Due to their heterogeneity, the potential salivary markers for IBD were divided into four groups: oxidative status markers, inflammatory cytokines, microRNAs and other biomarkers. Active CD patients manifest decreased activity of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, catalase) and increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, malondialdehyde seems to be a good diagnostic marker of CD. Moreover, elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 or tumour necrosis factor α) are associated with the activity of IBD. Additionaly, selected miRNAs are altered in saliva (overexpressed miR-101 in CD; overexpressed miR-21, miR-31, miR-142-3p and underexpressed miR-142-5p in UC). Among other salivary biomarkers, exosomal PSMA7, α-amylase and calprotectin are detected. In conclusion, saliva contains several biomarkers which can be used credibly for the early diagnosis and regular monitoring of IBD. However, further investigations are necessary to validate these findings, as well as to identify new reliable salivary biomarkers.

scholarly journals Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Eelis Hyvärinen ◽  
Minttu Savolainen ◽  
Jopi J. W. Mikkonen ◽  
Arja M. Kullaa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Viable Method

Saliva is a useful biological fluid and a valuable source of biological information. Saliva contains many of the same components that can be found in blood or serum, but the components of interest tend to be at a lower concentration in saliva, and their analysis demands more sensitive techniques. Metabolomics is starting to emerge as a viable method for assessing the salivary metabolites which are generated by the biochemical processes in elucidating the pathways underlying different oral and systemic diseases. In oral diseases, salivary metabolomics has concentrated on periodontitis and oral cancer. Salivary metabolites of systemic diseases have been investigated mostly in the early diagnosis of different cancer, but also neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review article aims to highlight the challenges and possibilities of salivary metabolomics from a clinical viewpoint. Furthermore, applications of the salivary metabolic profile in diagnosis and prognosis, monitoring the treatment success, and planning of personalized treatment of oral and systemic diseases are discussed.

scholarly journals Serum A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand and MicroRNA-223 are Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Taha ◽  
Olfat Gamil Shaker ◽  
Enas Taha ◽  
Noha Taha
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Egyptian Patients ◽  
New Biomarkers

Abstract Background: Current blood-based tests for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have inherent limitations, necessitating the need for additional new biomarkers for its diagnosis and monitoring disease activity and responsiveness to therapy. microRNAs (miRNAs) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are deregulated in RA and were linked to its pathogenesis. This study investigated serum levels of APRIL, miR-223 and miR-155 in RA patients, their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and their correlation with disease activity and clinicopathological data. Methods: 120 Egyptian patients with RA and 30 healthy controls were included. Serum miRNAs and APRIL were assayed by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Results: Serum APRIL and miR-223 were significantly upregulated, while miR-155 was unchanged in RA patients compared to controls. Serum miR-223 discriminated RA patients from controls with AUC=0.83, whereas serum APRIL superiorly distinguished the two groups with AUC=1 (sensitivity and specificity= 100% at cutoff>4.19 ng/ml) by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis. Serum miR-223 was a significant predictor for RA diagnosis in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Serum APRIL was positively correlated with disease activity score (DAS28-CRP). Serum miR-223 expression was positively correlated with serum miR-155, APRIL levels and with the presence of subcutaneous nodules. Serum miR-155 levels were correlated with antinuclear antibody titer in reverse direction. Conclusion: our results suggest serum APRIL and miR-223 could serve as potential biomarkers of RA, with miR-223 is a predictor of RA risk and APRIL is an excellent biomarker for disease activity. Our data could be implicated for accurate and blood-based non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of RA.

scholarly journals Activated Salivary MMP-2 - A Potential Breast Cancer Marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Nabanita Bhattacharyya ◽  
Subhajit Mondal ◽  
Mohammad Nasim Ali ◽  
Ramanuj Mukherjee ◽  
Anjan Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Potential Biomarker

It has been reported that Matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. The over expression of MMP-2 is associated with the progression of malignancy of several types of carcinoma. Human saliva is a biological fluid with several advantages for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of this study was to detect MMPs expression and activity in biological fluids (saliva, urine etc.) derived from breast cancer patients. Here, our results showed that the activity of MMP-2 was higher at the time before the surgery than after the saliva collected from the same patients. Therefore, we suggested that the highly active form of MMP-2 presented in saliva could be used as a novel potential biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer.

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