scholarly journals Does the Act of Copulation per se, without Considering Seminal Deposition, Change the Expression of Genes in the Porcine Female Genital Tract?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5477
Author(s):  
Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Dominic Wright ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Semen—through its specific sperm and seminal plasma (SP) constituents—induces changes of gene expression in the internal genital tract of pigs, particularly in the functional sperm reservoir at the utero-tubal junction (UTJ). Although seminal effects are similarly elicited by artificial insemination (AI), major changes in gene expression are registered after natural mating, a fact suggesting the act of copulation induces per se changes in genes that AI does not affect. The present study explored which pathways were solely influenced by copulation, affecting the differential expression of genes (DEGs) of the pre/peri-ovulatory genital tract (cervix, distal uterus, proximal uterus and UTJ) of estrus sows, 24 h after various procedures were performed to compare natural mating with AI of semen (control 1), sperm-free SP harvested from the sperm-peak fraction (control 2), sperm-free SP harvested from the whole ejaculate (control 3) or saline-extender BTS (control 4), using a microarray chip (GeneChip® porcine gene 1.0 st array). Genes related to neuroendocrine responses (ADRA1, ADRA2, GABRB2, CACNB2), smooth muscle contractility (WNT7A), angiogenesis and vascular remodeling (poFUT1, NTN4) were, among others, overrepresented with distal and proximal uterine segments exhibiting the highest number of DEGs. The findings provide novel evidence that relevant transcriptomic changes in the porcine female reproductive tract occur in direct response to the specific act of copulation, being semen-independent.

Migration and motility of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata (Acari, Argasidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. RESLER ◽  
J. L. FRAZIER ◽  
J. G. SHEPHERD ◽  
J. D. MODAFFERI
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Ornithodoros Moubata ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Many ◽  
Female Genital

SUMMARYThe spermatozoa of ticks are anomalous in many respects: they are very large, cytoplasm-rich cells which lack a flagellum but move with a peculiar gliding motility. Their metamorphosis after deposition in the female has been well documented, but many of the subsequent events in the career of the spermatozoa are controversial or poorly documented. Our observations of motility imply that the many types of motility that have been reported (up to 5 different types in several reports) can be reduced to 2 apparently independent types of active motility: (1) gliding motility generated along the whole spermatozoon and (2) contortions of the anterior tip of the head. These types of motility appear as a consequence of sperm maturation after transfer to the female, but only become pronounced if the female has taken a recent bloodmeal. A consequence of this enhanced gliding motility after feeding is the movement of the spermatozoa out of the naturally ruptured neck of the spermatophore and up the female genital tract. This occurs without any apparent assistance from the female's musculature and likely is the prime mechanism of movement of the spermatozoa to the site of fertilization.

A comparison of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupial and eutherian mammals

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Taggart
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Embryo Transport ◽  
Female Genital

A review on current knowledge of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupials. Some of the unique features of gamete structure-function and female genital tract morphology will be described and compared with data available on eutherian mammals.

scholarly journals Atypical Cervical Stromal Cells Masquerading as Malignancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. C30-31
Author(s):  
Shraddha Avinash Kurekar ◽  
Jayashri Popat Chaudhari ◽  
Asha Sharad Shenoy ◽  
Rachana Ajay Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital

Atypical stromal cells (ASCs) of the female genital tract are uncommon and found in various polypoid lesions of the vulva, vagina, cervix and endometrium. Although they are benign; they can be misinterpreted as a malignant. Hence it is important for a pathologist to identify the ASCs in the specimens or biopsies of lower Female genital tract and avoid over diagnosis as a malignancy. We present a case of atypical cervical stromal cells in a 45-year-old female. On microscopy, Atypical stromal cells were stellate, enlarged in size, with moderate to severely atypical hyperchromatic, multilobulated nuclei without any mitoses. Their chromatin was dense often with prominent nucleoli. This report highlights the significance of awareness about the occurrence of these cells in the female reproductive tract.

XX.—Studies on Reproduction in the Albino Mouse. III. The Duration of Life of Spermatozoa in the Female Reproductive Tract

1940 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Merton
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Male Genital Tract ◽  
Exact Data ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Male Genital

The method of artificial insemination in the mouse, which has been used successfully only once previously (Mark and Long, 1911), has made it possible to collect exact data on the duration of life and the fertilising capacity of spermatozoa in the female genital tract. Earlier results concerning the conditions under which spermatozoa from the male genital tract attain their maximum activity (Merton, II) and the exact knowledge of the time of parturition (Merton, I) were helpful in carrying out artificial insemination during the following œstrous period.

EFFECT OF HIGH DOSES OF OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE ON THE NORADRENALINE CONTENT OF THE SHORT ADRENERGIC NEURONS INNERVATING THE MALE GENITAL TRACT OF THE RAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Owman ◽  
N.-O. Sjöberg ◽  
N. O. Sjöstrand ◽  
G. Swedin
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Adrenergic Neurons ◽  
Short Adrenergic Neurons ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Male Genital

ABSTRACT The effect of prolonged treatment with high doses of oestrogen and/or progesterone on the amount of adrenergic transmitter in the short adrenergic neurons of the male reproductive tract of castrated rats has been studied by chemical determinations and histochemical demonstration of noradrenaline. Oestrogen, progesterone, or a combination of both, had no overt effect on the total content or on the concentration of noradrenaline in the male genital organs. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings that the content of the noradrenaline transmitter in the short adrenergic neurons to the female genital tract is markedly influenced by these female sex hormones.

scholarly journals High Expression of Ecto-Nucleotidases CD39 and CD73 in Human Endometrial Tumors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Aliagas ◽  
August Vidal ◽  
Laura Texidó ◽  
Jordi Ponce ◽  
Enric Condom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Serous Tumors ◽  
Female Genital

One of the strategies used by tumors to evade immunosurveillance is the accumulation of extracellular adenosine, which has immunosupressive and tumor promoting effects. The study of the mechanisms leading to adenosine formation at the tumor interstitium are therefore of great interest in oncology. The dominant pathway generating extracellular adenosine in tumors is the dephosphorylation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases. Two of these enzymes acting sequentially, CD39 and CD73, efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine. They have been found to play a crucial role in a variety of tumors, but there were no data concerning endometrial cancer, the most frequent of the invasive tumors of the female genital tract. The aim of the present work is to study the expression of CD39 and CD73 in human endometrial cancer. We have analyzed protein and gene expression, as well as enzyme activity, in type I endometrioid adenocarcinomas and type II serous adenocarcinomas and their nonpathological endometrial counterparts. High levels of both enzymes were found in tumor samples, with significantly increased expression of CD39 in type II serous tumors, which also coincided with the higher tumor grade. Our results reinforce the involvement of the adenosinergic system in cancer, emphasizing the relevance of ecto-nucleotidases as emerging therapeutic targets in oncology.

scholarly journals Semen Modulates Inflammation and Angiogenesis in the Reproductive Tract of Female Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2207
Author(s):  
Jaume Gardela ◽  
Amaia Jauregi-Miguel ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Heriberto Rodríguez-Martinez ◽  
Manel López-Béjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The maternal environment modulates immune responses to facilitate embryo development and ensure pregnancy. Unraveling this modulation could improve the livestock breeding systems. Here it is hypothesized that the exposure of the female rabbit reproductive tract to semen, as well as to early embryos, modulates inflammation and angiogenesis among different tissue segments. qPCR analysis of the gene expression changes of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL10) and transforming growth factor beta family (TGFβ1–3) and the angiogenesis mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) were examined in response to mating or insemination with sperm-free seminal plasma (SP). Reproductive tract segment (cervix to infundibulum) samples were obtained in Experiment 1, 20 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation (control), natural mating (NM) or vaginal infusion with sperm-free SP (SP-AI). Additionally, segmented samples were also obtained at 10, 24, 36, 68 or 72 h after GnRH-stimulation and natural mating (Experiment 2). The results of gene expression, analyzed by quantitative PCR, showed that NM effects were mainly localized in the uterine tissues, depicting clear temporal variation, while SP-AI effects were restricted to the oviduct. Changes in anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis mediators indicate an early response in the uterus and a late modulation in the oviduct either induced by semen or preimplantation embryos. This knowledge could be used in the implementation of physiological strategies in breeding systems to face the new challenges on rabbit productivity and sustainability.

scholarly journals A Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Inducing Factor from the Female Genital Tract Activates HIV‐1 Gene Expression through the κB Enhancer

1998 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Al‐Harthi ◽  
Gregory T. Spear ◽  
Farhad B. Hashemi ◽  
Alan Landay ◽  
Beverly E. Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Semen Modulates the Expression of NGF, ABHD2, VCAN, and CTEN in the Reproductive Tract of Female Rabbits

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Gardela ◽  
Amaia Jauregi-Miguel ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Manel Lopez-Bejar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Mating Experiment ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Ngf Gene

Semen changes the gene expression in endometrial and oviductal tissues modulating important processes for reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that mating and/or sperm-free seminal plasma deposition in the reproductive tract affect the expression of genes associated with sperm-lining epithelium interactions, ovulation, and pre-implantation effects (nerve growth factor, NGF; α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 2, ABHD2; C-terminal tensin-like protein, CTEN or TNS4; and versican, VCAN) in the period 10–72 h post-mating. In Experiment 1, does (n = 9) were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (control), GnRH-stimulated, and vaginally infused with sperm-free seminal plasma (SP-AI), or GnRH-stimulated and naturally mated (NM). In Experiment 2, does (n = 15) were GnRH-stimulated and naturally mated. Samples were retrieved from the internal reproductive tracts (cervix-to-infundibulum) 20 h post-treatment (Experiment 1) or sequentially collected at 10, 24, 36, 68, or 72 h post-mating (Experiment 2, 3 does/period). All samples were processed for gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR. Data showed an upregulation of endometrial CTEN and NGF by NM, but not by SP-AI. The findings suggest that the NGF gene affects the reproductive tract of the doe during ovulation and beyond, influencing the maternal environment during early embryonic development.

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