scholarly journals Crossbreeding of Yeasts Domesticated for Fermentation: Infertility Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7985
Author(s):  
Nobuo Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Fermentative Production ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Sexual reproduction is almost a universal feature of eukaryotic organisms, which allows the reproduction of new organisms by combining the genetic information from two individuals of different sexes. Based on the mechanism of sexual reproduction, crossbreeding provides an attractive opportunity to improve the traits of animals, plants, and fungi. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely utilized in fermentative production since ancient times. Currently it is still used for many essential biotechnological processes including the production of beer, wine, and biofuels. It is surprising that many yeast strains used in the industry exhibit low rates of sporulation resulting in limited crossbreeding efficiency. Here, I provide an overview of the recent findings about infertility challenges of yeasts domesticated for fermentation along with the progress in crossbreeding technologies. The aim of this review is to create an opportunity for future crossbreeding of yeasts used for fermentation.

scholarly journals Coupling DNA Replication and Spindle Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Dimitris Liakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Spindle Dynamics ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Spindle Function

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA replication and spindle assembly can overlap. Therefore, signaling mechanisms modulate spindle dynamics in order to ensure correct timing of chromosome segregation relative to genome duplication, especially when replication is incomplete or the DNA becomes damaged. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that coordinate DNA replication and spindle dynamics, as well as on the role of spindle-dependent forces in DNA repair. Understanding the coupling between genome duplication and spindle function in yeast cells can provide important insights into similar processes operating in other eukaryotic organisms, including humans.

A Novel Laboratory Activity for Teaching about the Evolution of Multicellularity

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Ratcliff ◽  
Allison Raney ◽  
Sam Westreich ◽  
Sehoya Cotner
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Laboratory Activity ◽  
Evolution Of Complexity ◽  
Yeast Strains

The evolution of complexity remains one of the most challenging topics in biology to teach effectively. We present a novel laboratory activity, modeled on a recent experimental breakthrough, in which students experimentally evolve simple multicellularity using single-celled yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). By simply selecting for faster settling through liquid media, yeast evolve to form snowflake-shaped multicelled clusters that continue to evolve as multicellular individuals. We present core experimental and curriculum tools, including discussion topics and assessment instruments, and provide suggestions for teacher customization. Prelab and postlab assessments demonstrate that this lab effectively teaches fundamental concepts about the transition to multicellularity. Yeast strains, the student lab manual, and an introductory presentation are available free of charge.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 and CAT-1 in CO-culture for the production of ethanol

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43427
Author(s):  
Mayara Vieira Santos ◽  
Adriana Régia Marques Souza ◽  
Maria Carolina Santos Silva ◽  
Gabriel Luis Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Fermentation Monitoring ◽  
Biotechnological Processes

In the Brazilian industries, the inoculum used throughout the harvest of ethanol production consists of a combination of two or more yeast strains. The combination of yeasts may influence in the metabolic pathways of microorganisms and increase the yields and production rates of some compounds. In biotechnological processes with co-culture, one microorganism can prevail over the other. Therefore, the knowledge about how the population dynamics occurs during fermentation allows modifications in the process in order to obtain higher yields and to achieve greater fermentative efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the fermentation with synthetic sugar cane broth in co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CAT-1 and PE-2 followed by molecular fermentation monitoring. The concentration of biomass, ethanol, glycerol, acetic acid and residual sucrose were monitored to verify the influence of different combinations during the fermentation. The mixture of CAT-1 and PE-2 presented the highest ethanol production, with higher performance of fermentative parameters than pure cultures

Effects of lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and ochratoxin A production and toxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Piotrowska ◽  
J. Roszak ◽  
M. Stańczyk ◽  
J. Palus ◽  
E. Dziubałtowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Aspergillus Westerdijkiae

The aim of this study was to examine three strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three strains of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus for their antifungal activity against the ochratoxin A producer Aspergillus westerdijkiae, as well as for their effect on OTA genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. When inoculated simultaneously, fungal growth was completely inhibited by S. cerevisiae. In the case of lactic acid bacteria, growth inhibition also occurred but to a less extent. A significant decrease in toxin production in co-culture with the yeast strains and LAB was observed. The supernatant of 24-h-old cultures of yeast strains in medium with OTA did not influence significantly the viability of porcine kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cell line, whereas the supernatant from the LAB increased the viability compared to the control. Regarding genotoxicity, a decreased fragmentation of DNA was observed in the presence of the supernatant from wine and brewing yeasts, and Lactobacillus brevis strains. Based on the results obtained, it might be concluded that S. cerevisiae yeasts and lactic acid bacteria could be used to minimise the negative effect of OTA on humans and animals.

NADPH is important for isobutanol tolerance in a minimal medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Yoshikawa ◽  
Ryo Nasuno ◽  
Hiroshi Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract We showed that the isobutanol sensitivity in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was rescued by an alternative NADPH producer, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, but not in the cells lacking 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. This phenotype correlated with the intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio in yeast strains. Our findings indicate the importance of NADPH for the isobutanol tolerance of yeast cells.

scholarly journals The actin-related protein Act3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is located in the nucleus.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1263-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Weber ◽  
M Harata ◽  
H Hauser ◽  
U Wintersberger
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Chromosomal Protein ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Related Proteins

Actin-related proteins, a group of protein families that exhibit about 50% sequence identity among each other and to conventional actin, have been found in a variety of eukaryotic organisms. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genes for one conventional actin (ACT1) and for three actin-related proteins (ACT2, ACT3, and ACT5) are known. ACT3, which we recently discovered, is an essential gene coding for a polypeptide of 489 amino acids (Act3p), with a calculated molecular mass of 54.8 kDa. Besides its homology to conventional actin, Act3p possesses a domain exhibiting weak similarity to the chromosomal protein HMG-14 as well as a potential nuclear localization signal. An antiserum prepared against a specific segment of the ACT3 gene product recognizes a polypeptide band of approximately 55 kDa in yeast extract. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments with this antiserum revealed that Act3p is located in the nucleus. Nuclear staining was observed in all cells regardless of the stage of the cell cycle. Independently, immunoblotting experiments with subcellular fractions showed that Act3p is indeed highly enriched in the nuclear fraction. We suggest that Act3p is an essential constituent of yeast chromatin.

Isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 from the Spontaneous Fermentation Pear Wine and Study of the Yeast Growth Dynamics during the Association Fermentation

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Da Wei Zhang ◽  
Wenbin Dong ◽  
Lei Jin ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yuan Chang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Better Than

Five preponderant yeast strains (YDJ01, YDJ02, YDJ03, YDJ04 and YDJ05) were isolated from the spontaneous fermentation pear wine as source of yeast for wine making from pear. Ethanol yield of YDJ05 was the highest and its using rapidity of the sugar was the most quickly. YDJ05 was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and named Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05. In addition, the fermentation dynamics of three yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05, “Angle” yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIM2.39) were studied including single fermentation and associated fermentation. The fermentative behavior of three strains changed in association fermentations (Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 and “Angle” yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIM2.39). Results indicated that the qualities of pear wines made from association fermentations were better than that of single fermentations. The pear wine fermented associated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIM2.39 was the best in quality by sensory evaluation among all pear wines whose ethanol concentration was 10.3% (v/v). Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 and mai could be excellent potential source of strains.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in China Seas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Bai-Chuan Tian ◽  
Guang-Lei Liu ◽  
Zhe Chi ◽  
Zhong Hu ◽  
Zhen-Ming Chi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Alcohol Tolerance ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Mangrove Trees

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely applied in fermentation industries, chemical industries and biological research and it is widespread in different environments, especially in sugar-rich environments. However, little is known about the occurrence, distribution and roles of S. cerevisiae in marine environments. In this study, only 10 strains among all the yeasts isolated from different marine environments belonged to S. cerevisiae. It was found that most of the strains of S. cerevisiae in marine environments occurred in guts, the surface of marine fish and mangrove trees. In contrast, they were not found in seawater and sediments. All the strains of S. cerevisiae isolated from the marine environments had a lower ability to produce ethanol than the highly alcohol-producing yeast Saccharomyces sp. W0 isolated from fermented rice, but the strains 2E00400, 2E00558, 2E00498, 2E00723, 2E00724 could produce higher concentrations of ethanol than any other marine-derived strains of S. cerevisiae obtained in this study. However, some of them had higher ethanol tolerance and higher trehalose content than Saccharomyces sp. W0. In particular, ethanol tolerance of the yeast strain 2E00498 was higher than that of Saccharomyces sp. W0. This may be related to the harsh marine environments from which they were isolated. Such yeast strains with higher alcohol tolerance could be used to further improve the alcohol tolerance of Saccharomyces sp. W0.

Efficient production of a ring derivative of chromosome III by the mating-type switching mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-810
Author(s):  
A J Klar ◽  
J N Strathern ◽  
J B Hicks ◽  
D Prudente
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Recombination Event ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Mating Type Switching ◽  
Chromosome Iii

The mating-type switches in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae occur by unidirectional transposition of replicas of unexpressed genetic information, residing at HML or HMR, into the mating-type locus (MAT). The source loci, HML and HMR, remain unchanged. Interestingly, when the HM cassettes are expressed, as in marl strains, the HML and HMR cassettes can also efficiently switch, apparently by obtaining genetic information from either of the other two cassettes (Klar et al., Cell 25:517-524, 1981). We have isolated a novel chromosome III rearrangement in heterothallic (marl ho) strains, which is also produced efficiently in marl HO cells, presumably the consequence of a recombination event between HML and HMR. The fusion results in the loss of sequences which are located distal to HML and to HMR and produces a ring derivative of chromosome III. Cells containing such a ring chromosome are viable as haploids; apparently, no essential loci are located distal to the HM loci. The fusion cassette behaves as a standard HM locus with respect to both regulation by the MAR/SIR control and its role in switching MAT.

scholarly journals A Genomewide Screen for Petite-negative Yeast Strains Yields a New Subunit of the i-AAA Protease Complex

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory D. Dunn ◽  
Marina S. Lee ◽  
Forrest A. Spencer ◽  
Robert E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Petite Negative Yeast ◽  
Yeast Mutants ◽  
The Relationship

Unlike many other organisms, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can tolerate the loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Although a few proteins have been identified that are required for yeast cell viability without mtDNA, the mechanism of mtDNA-independent growth is not completely understood. To probe the relationship between the mitochondrial genome and cell viability, we conducted a microarray-based, genomewide screen for mitochondrial DNA-dependent yeast mutants. Among the several genes that we discovered is MGR1, which encodes a novel subunit of the i-AAA protease complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. mgr1Δ mutants retain some i-AAA protease activity, yet mitochondria lacking Mgr1p contain a misassembled i-AAA protease and are defective for turnover of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins. Our results highlight the importance of the i-AAA complex and proteolysis at the inner membrane in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA.

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