scholarly journals The Role of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8174
Author(s):  
Elise DeRoo ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Necrotic Cell Death ◽  
Necrotic Cell ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Cardiovascular diseases, including peripheral arterial and venous disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, are the number one cause of death worldwide annually. In the last 20 years, the role of necroptosis, a newly identified form of regulated necrotic cell death, in cardiovascular disease has come to light. Specifically, the damaging role of two kinase proteins pivotal in the necroptosis pathway, Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) and Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3), in cardiovascular disease has become a subject of great interest and importance. In this review, we provide an overview of the current evidence supporting a pathologic role of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in cardiovascular disease. Moreover, we highlight the evidence behind the efficacy of targeted RIPK1 and RIPK3 inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Inflammation as a determinant of healing response after coronary stent implantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Ochijewicz ◽  
Mariusz Tomaniak ◽  
Grzegorz Opolski ◽  
Janusz Kochman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions ◽  
Coronary Stent Implantation ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Excessive Inflammatory Response

AbstractCardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions. Data on stent elements that lead to excessive inflammatory response, proper identification of high–risk patients, prevention and treatment targeting residual inflammatory risk are limited. This review aims to present the role of inflammation in the context of evolving stent technologies and appraise the potential imaging modalities in detection of inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory therapies.

The role of carotenoids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease – Current state of knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kulczyński ◽  
Anna Gramza-Michałowska ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽  
Dominik Kmiecik
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Current State ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

scholarly journals Vitamin D as A Protector of Arterial Health: Potential Role in Peripheral Arterial Disease Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Murali Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Atherosclerotic occlusive diseases and aneurysms that affect large and medium-sized arteries outside the cardiac and cerebral circulation are collectively known as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). With a rise in the rate of aging population worldwide, the number of people diagnosed with PAD is rapidly increasing. The micronutrient vitamin D is an important steroid hormone that acts on many crucial cellular mechanisms. Experimental studies suggest that optimal levels of vitamin D have beneficial effects on the heart and blood vessels; however, high vitamin D concentrations have been implicated in promoting vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. Observations from various clinical studies shows that deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with a greater risk of PAD. Epidemiological studies have often reported an inverse relation between circulating vitamin D status measured in terms of 25-hydroxivitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, randomized controlled trials did not show a consistent positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk or events. Even though PAD shares all the major risk factors with cardiovascular diseases, the effect of vitamin D deficiency in PAD is not clear. Current evidence suggests a strong role of vitamin D in promoting genomic and epigenomic changes. This review summarises the current literature that supports the notion that vitamin D deficiency may promote PAD formation. A better understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms will open up new therapeutic possibilities which is the main unmet need in PAD management. Furthermore, epigenetic evidence shows that a more holistic approach towards PAD prevention that incorporates a healthy lifestyle, adequate exercise and optimal nutrition may be more effective in protecting the genome and maintaining a healthy vasculature.

The Evolving Role of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Heart Failure

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-482
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Receptor Blockers

This continuing feature will update readers on recent developments in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the US, and more clinical outcome trials have been conducted in cardiology than in any other field of medicine. Given this rapidly expanding knowledge base, pharmacists can have a significant impact on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease—if they keep current with developments in drug therapy.

Ramipril for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
April D Vuong ◽  
Laura G Annis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of ramipril in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and determine its need for inclusion on a formulary. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE and PubMed database search was conducted (1987–May 2002). Only journals written in the English language were selected for review. DATA EXTRACTION AND STUDY SELECTION: Articles reporting the use of ramipril in humans were evaluated. Emphasis was placed on randomized, controlled trials assessing efficacy. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that exerts its effects through inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. It exhibits a safety profile that is similar to that of other ACE inhibitors and is comparable in cost to the majority of the available agents. Clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and nephropathy. Ramipril, however, is the only ACE inhibitor currently approved for the prevention of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients without evidence of left-ventricular dysfunction or heart failure, based on the results of the HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) trial. Whether this effect is specific to ramipril has yet to be proven. This article emphasizes the major trials involving ramipril including the AIRE (Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy), REIN (Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy), and HOPE trials. CONCLUSIONS: Although similar to other ACE inhibitors in many aspects, it cannot be assumed that the benefits shown with ramipril in the HOPE trial are a class effect. Ongoing trials should help to clarify this matter. Until this time, current evidence justifies the inclusion of ramipril on a formulary.

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