scholarly journals The Potential of Aptamer-Mediated Liquid Biopsy for Early Detection of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5601
Author(s):  
Dhruvajyoti Roy ◽  
Andreas Pascher ◽  
Mazen A. Juratli ◽  
Judith C. Sporn
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Target Molecules

The early detection of cancer favors a greater chance of curative treatment and long-term survival. Exciting new technologies have been developed that can help to catch the disease early. Liquid biopsy is a promising non-invasive tool to detect cancer, even at an early stage, as well as to continuously monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy. Various methods have been implemented to isolate and purify bio-analytes in liquid biopsy specimens. Aptamers are short oligonucleotides consisting of either DNA or RNA that are capable of binding to target molecules with high specificity. Due to their unique properties, they are considered promising recognition ligands for the early detection of cancer by liquid biopsy. A variety of circulating targets have been isolated with high affinity and specificity by facile modification and affinity regulation of the aptamers. In this review, we discuss recent progress in aptamer-mediated liquid biopsy for cancer detection, its associated challenges, and its future potential for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Multianalyte Tests for the Early Detection of Cancer: Speedbumps and Barriers

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117727190700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Tainsky ◽  
Madhumita Chatterjee ◽  
Nancy K. Levin ◽  
Sorin Draghici ◽  
Judith Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Molecular Event ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic

It has become very clear that a single molecular event is inadequate to accurately predict the biology (or pathophysiology) of cancer. Furthermore, using any single molecular event as a biomarker for the early detection of malignancy may not comprehensively identify the majority of individuals with that disease. Therefore, the fact that technologies have arisen that can simultaneously detect several, possibly hundreds, of biomarkers has propelled the field towards the development of multianalyte-based in vitro diagnostic early detection tests for cancer using body fluids such as serum, plasma, sputum, saliva, or urine. These multianalyte tests may be based on the detection of serum autoantibodies to tumor antigens, the presence of cancer-related proteins in serum, or the presence of tumor-specific genomic changes that appear in plasma as free DNA. The implementation of non-invasive diagnostic approaches to detect early stage cancer may provide the physician with evidence of cancer, but the question arises as to how the information will affect the pathway of clinical intervention. The confirmation of a positive result from an in vitro diagnostic cancer test may involve relatively invasive procedures to establish a true cancer diagnosis. If in vitro diagnostic tests are proven to be both specific, i.e. rarely produce false positive results due to unrelated conditions, and sufficiently sensitive, i.e. rarely produce false negative results, then such screening tests offer the potential for early detection and personalized therapeutics using multiple disease-related targets with convenient and non-invasive means. Here we discuss the technical and regulatory barriers inherent in development of clinical multianalyte biomarker assays.

scholarly journals Circulating Tumor Cells: Liquid Biopsy for Early Detection of Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Benjamin Mwesige ◽  
Seung-Gu Yeo ◽  
Byong Chul Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer

Early Detection of Cancer Using Smartphones

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Kodieswari A.
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cell ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
High Death

Cancer disease is the second largest disease in the world with high death mortality. Cancer is an abnormal growth of a normal cell. There are more than 100 types of cancer like blood cancer, brain cancer, small intestine cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, etc. The type of cancer can be classified by the type of cell which is initially affected. When cancer grows it does not show any symptom. The symptom will appear when the cancer cell grows in mass and the symptom of cancer depends on the type of cancer. The cause of cancers is environmental pollutants, food habits, inherited genetics, tobacco, stress, etc., but in practice, it is not possible to prove the cause of cancer since various cancers do not have specific fingerprints. After the heart attack, cancer is a second killer disease in India. The death mortality is high in cancer because in most of the cases it is identified at the final stage which causes more death. According to ICMR, among 1.27 billion Indian populations, the incidence of cancer is 70-90 per 100,000 populations and 70% of cancer is identified in the last stage accounting for high morality. There are many types of treatment to treat cancer and they are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, stem cell transplant, etc. All cancer treatments will have side effects and the treatments will help only if the cancer cells are identified at the early stage. So time factor is important in diagnosing of cancer cells; hence, early detection of cancer will reduce the mortality rate. This chapter proposed the early detection of cancer cells using image processing techniques by the structure of circulating tumor cell. Early detection of cancer cells is very difficult because the concentration of cancer cells are extremely small and about one million malignant cell is encountered per billion of healthy cells. The circulating tumor cells, CTC, are shed into the bloodstream as a tumor grows, and it is believed these cells initiate the spread of cancer. CTC are rare, existing as only a few per one billion blood cells, and a highly efficient technology like chip-based biosensor platforms is required to capture the CTC, which in turn helps to detect cancer cell at an early stage before spreading. In proposed method, the circulating tumor cell has used a marker to detect cancer at early stage.

Medical screening

2021 ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Tang Jin-ling ◽  
Li Li-ming
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Increased Risk

Screening is early detection and early treatment of increased risk of chronic disease with the ultimate goal of improving the health of the screened. Today, early detection and early treatment occur often ‘haphazardly’ in routine clinical practice and general health checks rather than in systematic screening programmes. The success of a screening programme depends on the characteristics of the disease, testing, and treatments of early diagnosed patients. Screening can be made more cost-effective by screening in high-risk people, choosing a relatively high specificity, screening less frequently, and high management standards. The ultimate evaluation of the benefits and harms of screening must be drawn from randomized controlled trials. Randomized trials of various screening programmes and health checks in the past 50 years showed disappointingly screening was often ineffective or barely effective. This re-emphasizes the urgency of strengthening the criteria for introduction of new technologies for early diagnosis of disease.

scholarly journals The detection of oral pre- malignant lesions with an autofluorescence based imaging system (VELscopeTM) – a single blinded clinical evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Hanken ◽  
Juliane Kraatz ◽  
Ralf Smeets ◽  
Max Heiland ◽  
Marco Blessmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
White Light ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Objective The disease specific five-year survival rate especially for patients with advanced oral cancer has not improved significantly over the period of time. The most effective way of combating this dilemma is an early detection, diagnosis and eradication of early-stage lesions and their precursors. The use of VELscope® using an autofluorescence as a diagnostic tool might be useful in early detection of oral malignant lesions. Materials and methods 120 patients with suspicious oral premalignant lesions were examined with two examination methods. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was examined conventional with white-light and group 2 was examined additionally to the white-light-examination with an autofluorescence visualization device, VELscope®. Biopsies were obtained from all suspicious areas identified in both examination groups (n = 52). The diagnostic strategies were compared regarding sensitivity and specificity. Results Based upon the result, use of the VELscope® leads to a higher sensitivity (22.0%), but regarding specificity the additional use of the VELscope® is inferior (8.4%). Conclusion The VELscope device is a simple, non-invasive test of the oral mucosa, which can help the experienced clinician to find oral precursor malignant lesions.

Values of liquid biopsy in early detection of cancer: results from meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sinong Jia ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Ying Qian ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals ctDNA in Breast Milk for Early Detection of Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Sanso ◽  
Cristina Saura ◽  
Carolina Ortiz ◽  
Enrique Arenas Lahuerta ◽  
Judit Matito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Localized Disease

Abstract Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) is an overall poor prognosis group compared to non-PABC breast cancer (BC), mainly due to late diagnosis. Effective screening approaches for early detection may improve its outcome. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the breast milk serum (sBM) of PABC in patients with early-stage disease and its ability to recapitulate somatic mutations present in the primary tumor. Moreover, our results demonstrate that sBM robustly surpasses plasma for tumor genetic profiling due to a prevalent shedding of ctDNA into the sBM in localized disease, as well as increased total cell-free DNA (cfDNA) abundance and integrity. Thus, we propose sBM as a potential new non-invasive liquid biopsy for a prompt detection of PABC.

scholarly journals Circulating Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Meng-Shin Shiao ◽  
Jia-Ming Chang ◽  
Arb-Aroon Lertkhachonsuk ◽  
Naparat Rermluk ◽  
Natini Jinawath
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Endogenous Reference ◽  
Treatment Responses

Failure to detect early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a major contributing factor to its low survival rate. Increasing evidence suggests that different subtypes of EOC may behave as distinct diseases due to their different cells of origins, histology and treatment responses. Therefore, the identification of EOC subtype-specific biomarkers that can early detect the disease should be clinically beneficial. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by different types of cells and carry biological molecules, which play important roles in cell-cell communication and regulation of various biological processes. Multiple studies have proposed that exosomal miRNAs present in the circulation are good biomarkers for non-invasive early detection of cancer. In this review, the potential use of exosomal miRNAs as early detection biomarkers for EOCs and their accuracy are discussed. We also review the differential expression of circulating exosomal miRNAs and cell-free miRNAs between different biofluid sources, i.e., plasma and serum, and touch on the issue of endogenous reference miRNA selection. Additionally, the current clinical trials using miRNAs for detecting EOCs are summarized. In conclusion, circulating exosomal miRNAs as the non-invasive biomarkers have a high potential for early detection of EOC and its subtypes, and are likely to be clinically important in the future.

scholarly journals Molecular Approaches Using Body Fluid for the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Kennichi Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Cause Of Deaths

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most malignant form of gastrointestinal tumor and is the fourth leading cause of deaths due to cancer in Japan. This cancer shows a poor outcome due to the difficulty of its early diagnosis and its rapid growth. Once this disease becomes clinically evident, it is frequently accompanied by distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. A recent multicenter study in Japan revealed that patients with the early stage of this disease (stage 0 and I) showed favorable prognosis after surgical resection, indicating the importance of early detection for improvement of PDAC prognosis. PDAC develops through a stepwise progression from the precursor lesion, and over the last few decades molecular analyses have shown the detailed genetic alterations that occur in this process. Since advances in molecular technologies have enabled the detection of genetic changes from a very small quantity of samples, a large number of non-invasive molecular approaches have been utilized in an attempt to find precursor or non-invasive carcinoma lesions. In this review, the current efforts in terms of the molecular approaches applied for the early detection of PDAC—especially using body fluids such as pancreatic juice, blood, and saliva—are summarized.

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