scholarly journals Changes in Ethylene, ABA and Sugars Regulate Freezing Tolerance under Low-Temperature Waterlogging in Lolium perenne

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6700
Author(s):  
Barbara Jurczyk ◽  
Ewa Pociecha ◽  
Franciszek Janowiak ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Izabela Kościk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Glucose Signaling ◽  
Main Component

Plant overwintering may be affected in the future by climate change. Low-temperature waterlogging, associated with a predicted increase in rainfall during autumn and winter, can affect freezing tolerance, which is the main component of winter hardiness. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of change in freezing tolerance caused by low-temperature waterlogging in Lolium perenne, a cool-season grass that is well adapted to a cold climate. The work included: (i) a freezing tolerance test (plant regrowth after freezing); (ii) analysis of plant phytohormones production (abscisic acid [ABA] content and ethylene emission); (iii) measurement of leaf water content and stomatal conductance; (iv) carbohydrate analysis; and (v) analysis of Aco1, ABF2, and FT1 transcript accumulation. Freezing tolerance may be improved as a result of cold waterlogging. The mechanism of this change is reliant on multifaceted actions of phytohormones and carbohydrates, whereas ethylene may counteract ABA signaling. The regulation of senescence processes triggered by concerted action of phytohormones and glucose signaling may be an essential component of this mechanism.

scholarly journals Genetic mapping and identification of a QTL determining tolerance to freezing stress in Fragaria vesca L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahn Davik ◽  
Robert C. Wilson ◽  
Relindis G. Njah ◽  
Paul E. Grini ◽  
Stephen K. Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Irreversible Damage

AbstractExtreme cold and frost cause significant stress to plants which can potentially be lethal. Low temperature freezing stress can cause significant and irreversible damage to plant cells and can induce physiological and metabolic changes that impact on growth and development. Low temperatures cause physiological responses including winter dormancy and autumn cold hardening in strawberry (Fragaria) species, and some diploid F. vesca accessions have been shown to have adapted to low-temperature stresses. To study the genetics of freezing tolerance, a F. vesca mapping population of 142 seedlings segregating for differential responses to freezing stress was raised. The progeny was mapped using ‘Genotyping-by-Sequencing’ and a linkage map of 2,918 markers at 851 loci was resolved. The mapping population was phenotyped for freezing tolerance response under controlled and replicated laboratory conditions and subsequent quantitative trait loci analysis using interval mapping revealed a single significant quantitative trait locus on Fvb2 in the physical interval 10.6 Mb and 15.73 Mb on the F. vesca v4.0 genome sequence. This physical interval contained 896 predicted genes, several of which had putative roles associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses including freezing. Differential expression analysis of the 896 QTL-associated gene predictions in the leaves and crowns from ‘Alta’ and ‘NCGR1363’ parental genotypes revealed genotype-specific changes in transcript accumulation in response to low temperature treatment as well as expression differences between genotypes prior to treatment for many of the genes. The putative roles, and significant interparental differential expression levels of several of the genes reported here identified them as good candidates for the control of the effects of freezing tolerance at the QTL identified in this investigation and the possible role of these candidate genes in response to freezing stress is discussed.

A Calcium-Dependent Mechanism Responsible for Increasing the Freezing Tolerance of the Bivalve Mollusc Modiolus Demissus

1977 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
DENNIS J. MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

1. A time course of the changes in blood Ca2+ and freezing tolerance of Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn) demonstrated that increases in freezing tolerance parallel increases in blood Ca2+. The increases in freezing tolerance occurred rapidly, suggesting that Ca2+ affects freezing tolerance directly by its presence in the blood. 2. The presence of La3+ reduced the freezing tolerance of isolated foot muscle. Thus, Ca2+ appears to increase freezing tolerance directly by binding to cell membranes. 3. The loss of the contractile response of freeze-thawed foot muscle to Ach, KCl and caffeine and the continued response to CaCl2 suggested that cell membranes are the primary sites of freezing injury. 4. The increase in blood Ca2+ following low-temperature acclimation accounted for only 40% of the total change in freezing tolerance. Therefore, other mechanisms responsible for increasing the freezing tolerance of M. demissus following low temperature acclimation also exist.

Metabolic and Tissue Solute Changes Associated With Changes in the Freezing Tolerance of the Bivalve Mollusc Modiolus Demissus

1977 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
DENNIS J. MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Arrhenius Plot ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

1. A physiological mechanism responsible for increasing the freezing tolerance of the bivalve Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn) following low-temperature acclimation was demonstrated. 2. The rates of oxygen consumption of M. demissus acclimated to temperatures between 0 and 24 °C were presented as an Arrhenius plot. A change in slope occurred at 10 °C, suggesting that temperature alone was not responsible for the increased decline in the rate of oxygen consumption below 10 °C. 3. Low-temperature acclimation had no effect on blood Na+ or K+ concentrations but did reduce the concentration of blood Mg2+ and, in addition, resulted in the accumulation of end-products characteristic of anaerobic metabolism - tissue alanine and proline, and blood Ca2+. Furthermore, maintenance of M. demissus under anaerobic conditions increased freezing tolerance. 4. Taken together, these data indicate that the increased freezing tolerance of M. demissus acclimated to low temperatures involves a conversion to anaerobic metabolism. 5. The increase in blood Ca2+ following low-temperature acclimation was associated with the increased freezing tolerance. Finally, Mg2+ simulated the effect of Ca2+ on freezing tolerance, but was only 20% as effective. 6. These results suggest that a Ca2+-dependent mechanism responsible for increasing the freezing tolerance of M. demissus exists, and that the increase in blood Ca2+ is due to a conversion to anaerobic metabolism.

Type II Ice-Binding Proteins Isolated from an Arctic Microalga Are Similar to Adhesin-Like Proteins and Increase Freezing Tolerance in Transgenic Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2744-2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Mi Cho ◽  
Sanghee Kim ◽  
Hojin Cho ◽  
Hyoungseok Lee ◽  
Jun Hyuck Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Recrystallization Inhibition ◽  
Ice Binding ◽  
Antarctic Snow ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Abstract Microalgal ice-binding proteins (IBPs) in the polar region are poorly understood at the genome-wide level, although they are important for cold adaptation. Through the transcriptome study with the Arctic green alga Chloromonas sp. KNF0032, we identified six Chloromonas IBP genes (CmIBPs), homologous with the previously reported IBPs from Antarctic snow alga CCMP681 and Antarctic Chloromonas sp. They were organized with multiple exon/intron structures and low-temperature-responsive cis-elements in their promoters and abundantly expressed at low temperature. The biological functions of three representative CmIBPs (CmIBP1, CmIBP2 and CmIBP3) were tested using in vitro analysis and transgenic plant system. CmIBP1 had the most effective ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activities in both in vitro and transgenic plants, and CmIBP2 and CmIBP3 had followed. All transgenic plants grown under nonacclimated condition were freezing tolerant, and especially 35S::CmIBP1 plants were most effective. After cold acclimation, only 35S::CmIBP2 plants showed slightly increased freezing tolerance. Structurally, the CmIBPs were predicted to have β-solenoid forms with parallel β-sheets and repeated TXT motifs. The repeated TXT structure of CmIBPs appears similar to the AidA domain-containing adhesin-like proteins from methanogens. We have shown that the AidA domain has IRI activity as CmIBPs and phylogenetic analysis also supported that the AidA domains are monophyletic with ice-binding domain of CmIBPs, and these results suggest that CmIBPs are a type of modified adhesins.

Modification of Solvolytic Sol-Gel Synthesis for Low Temperature TiO2 DSSC Photoelectrode

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Saran Kalasina ◽  
Taweechai Amornsakchai ◽  
Udom Asawapirom
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Degussa P25 ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Dry Film

Solvolytic sol-gel synthesis was applied for the low temperature production of photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). In this study, commercial TiO2 standard (Degussa P25) was used as the main component in the preparation of photoelectrode film. Addition of TiO2 gel prepared from a solvolytic sol-gel method reduced cracking in the dry film while still maintains porosity. Further modification by simply adding hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonia (NH3) increase porosity and improve interconnection between fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) layer on the substrate and the coated TiO2 layer even under low temperature baking condition (<150°C). The modified TiO2 electrode showed significantly better electrical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, the DSSC cell with modified TiO2 film also showed higher cell efficiency when compared with the controlled cell that used only Degussa P25.

scholarly journals Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in Response to Cold in Pisum sativum Using RNA Sequencing Analyses

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Bahrman ◽  
Emilie Hascoët ◽  
Odile Jaminon ◽  
Frédéric Dépta ◽  
Jean-François Hû ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Chilling Response

Low temperature stress affects growth and development in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and decreases yield. In this study, RNA sequencing time series analyses performed on lines, Champagne frost-tolerant and Térèse frost-sensitive, during a low temperature treatment versus a control condition, led us to identify 4981 differentially expressed genes. Thanks to our experimental design and statistical analyses, we were able to classify these genes into three sets. The first one was composed of 2487 genes that could be related to the constitutive differences between the two lines and were not regulated during cold treatment. The second gathered 1403 genes that could be related to the chilling response. The third set contained 1091 genes, including genes that could be related to freezing tolerance. The identification of differentially expressed genes related to cold, oxidative stress, and dehydration responses, including some transcription factors and kinases, confirmed the soundness of our analyses. In addition, we identified about one hundred genes, whose expression has not yet been linked to cold stress. Overall, our findings showed that both lines have different characteristics for their cold response (chilling response and/or freezing tolerance), as more than 90% of differentially expressed genes were specific to each of them.

Structural and Hydrogenation Properties of Zr0.9Ti0.1Cr1.2-xV0.8Nix (x=0, 0.4) Compounds

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 880-886
Author(s):  
A. Ioannidou ◽  
S.S. Makridis ◽  
Erik Zupanič ◽  
Albert Prodan ◽  
E.S. Kikkinides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Hydrogen Activation ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Type Apparatus

The goal of our studies is to find alloy compositions capable of high H capacity and reversible low temperature hydrogenation. In the present research work, specimens with nominal compositions Zr0.9Ti0.1Cr1.2V0.8 and Zr0.9Ti0.1Cr0.8V0.8Ni0.4 have been prepared by arc–melting under argon atmosphere. The microstructural properties of the samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM, while the corresponding microchemistry was determined by EDAX measurements. A two phase system was regularly obtained, with the main component being the hexagonal (C14) Laves phase. The presence of small amounts of Ni has been found to increase the alloy activity on hydrogen. Hydrogen activation was performed for both samples and charging-discharging properties were investigated in the temperature range between 20 oC and 100 oC by using a Sievert-type apparatus.

scholarly journals Changes in Freezing Tolerance, Water Potential, and Gene Expression of Poncirus trifoliata `Rubidoux' Seedlings Exposed to Acclimating Low Temperatures and Long Days

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 580a-580
Author(s):  
Milton E. Tignor ◽  
John M. Davis ◽  
Frederick S. Davies ◽  
Wayne B. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Coumarate:Coa Ligase ◽  
Hardy Cross

Poncirus trifoliata is a comparatively hardy, cross compatible, and graft compliant relative of Citrus. The citrus industry in Florida has suffered immense economic losses due to freezes. Although much research has been done in citrus freeze hardiness, little work has been on the early induction of freeze tolerance by low temperature. Poncirus trifoliata `Rubidoux' seedlings were germinated in perlite under intermittent mist at about 25°C and natural daylight conditions in a greenhouse and grown 2 weeks. See dlings were then transferred into a growth chamber at 25°C and 16 hour daylength for 1 week. Temperature was lowered to 10°C and tissue samples were collected at 0, 6, 24, and 168 hours. Freezing tolerance, at –6.7°C as determined by electrolyte leakage, and stem (leaves attached) water potential, measured using a pressure bomb, were also recorded for a subset of seedlings for the above intervals. After exposure to low temperature for 48 hours a red coloration became visible at the petiole leaflet junction an d at the buds, with subsequent exposure to low temperature the coloration spread to the leaves. Clones for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), and chlorophyll ab binding protein (CAB), and chalcone synthase (CHS) were used to probe RNA isolated from P. trifoliata. PAL and 4CL transcripts increased in response to the low temperature. Significant increases in freeze hardiness occurred within 6 hours in the leaves, and increases continued for up to one week. Water potential increased from –0.6 to –2.0 MPa after 6 hours, then returned to –0.6 MPa after 1 week. These data indicate that increases in freezing tolerance and changes in water potential and gene expression can be detected shortly after low temperature treatments are imposed on P. trifoliata seedlings.

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